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any other gall-infeft whatever ; for while the gall grows in 

 fize, it becomes alfo thinner in every part ; fo that the crea- 

 ture, at the proper time, has but little difficulty to get out. 

 Reaum. Hifl. Infeft. vol. vi. p. 211. 



When the time of the lail change of this infedl draws 

 nigh, it leaves the tree, and defcending to the earth 

 makes its way into it in a proper place, and then becomes 

 a nymph, out of which at a proper time ilfues a four- 

 winged fly. 



The flies which are produced in April copulate almoft 

 as foon as freed from their exuvije of the chryfalis ftate, and 

 the females foon after lodge their eggs in the leaves of the 

 willows. Tliis is all done before the end of April, and the 

 young ones hatched of thefe eggs live but a fhort time be- 

 fore they pafs into the chryfalis ftate, and living flies are 

 hatched from thefe in June. The young ones of this brood 

 pafs their chryfalis flate in the earth, and appear not during the 

 whole winter, till the fpring fun enlivens them again. There 

 isjbefide thefe, another kindof galls of the willow-leaves, which 

 are of the clafs of thofe, each of which contains feveral cells ; 

 in each cell of thefe there is found a fmall white maggot, the 

 offspring of the egg of a two-winged fly, which, after paff- 

 mg the chryfalis ftate in the earth, alfo comes out in the 

 form of its winged parent. The cells in the galls are dif- 

 ferent in number in the feveral galls, and are from four or 

 five to twenty : they have no communication with one an- 

 other, but each worm lives in its own cell. 



Befide thefe there is alfo fometimes found in thefe galls 

 a worm of a brownifti-white colour, having two liooks in 

 its head, and no logs at all. This has all the appearance of 

 a carnivorous animal, and probably was depofited there in 

 the egg-ftate by its parent, not to feed on tlie gall, but on 

 Its defencelefs inhabitant. This worm finally becomes a 

 fmall blueifli beetle, and is often found alone in the cavity 

 of the gall, often in company with its proper inhabitant, 

 fucking its juices as it feeds on thofe of the plant. There 

 feem to be feveral fpecies of thefe devourers common to 

 thefe galls ; lince Vallifiiieri obferved, in the boxes where he 

 kept thefe galls to produce the animals from thence, many 

 fpecies of fmall beetles, and feveral diftinft kinds of flies, 

 which were probably the laft ftate of feveral kinds of carni- 

 vorous worms, which had preyed upon the proper inhabit- 

 ant of the galls. Vallifnieri, bialog. des Infeft. 



WiLhow-Herl/, or French Willow, in Botany. See 

 Epilobium. 



WlLLOW-Herb is a name fometimes given to the lytbriim 

 or purple loofe-ftrife. See Lyturum. 



Willow, Sweet, Dutch Willow, Gale, or Candle- 

 Berry Myrtle, in Botany. See CAii-Di.TS.-Berry-Tr.e, and 

 Candle-Berry Myrtle. 



Willow -IVeed, in ./Agriculture, a term provincially ap- 

 plied to fmart-wecd, or perficaria, which is a tronblefome 

 weed on many places in the corn-fields and other tillage- 

 lands. See Weed. 



WILLS, in Geography, a town of Ohio, in the county 

 of Guernfcy, with 659 inhabitants. 



WILLSBOROUGH, a poft-townfliip of Effex county, 

 in New York, with a poft-office, 530 miles from Wafliing- 

 ton, crafted in 1788, then in Clinton county, and very exten- 

 five ; from which feveral towns have been fince erefted. It 

 is bounded N. by Chefterfield, E. by lake Champlain, in 

 the ftate of Vermont, S. by Eftex, and W. by Le wis. Along 

 the lake the land is level and tolerably produftive. A fmall 

 well-drain affords many fcites for water-works ; and iron- 

 ore of the beft quality is found in great abundance. The 

 population confifts of 668 perfons, and the fcnatorial elec- 

 tors are 57. Here are, one diftillery, a forge for making 



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bar-iron, an anchor-ftiop, a carding-machine, and a clothieiy, 

 befides a confidcrable number of grain and faw mills. 



WiLLSBOROUGn, a townlhip of New York, near Crown 

 Point. 



WILLSTADT, a town of Sweden, in the province of 

 Smaland ; 50 miles W. of Wexio. — Alfo, a town of Ger- 

 many, in the county of Hanau Lichtenberg ; 7 miles S.E. 

 of Straftmrg. 



WILLUGHBEI A, in Botany, was fo named by Schre- 

 ber, in memory of our great Engliffi naturalift, Francis 

 Willughby, efq. of Middleton-hall, Warwickfliire, the friend 

 of Ray, in our biographical account of whom the reader 

 will find many particulars relating to Mr. Willughby and his 

 family. This gendeman may well claim botanical diftinftion, 

 on account of his enquiries into the philofophy of vegeta- 

 tion, in conjunftion with his illuftrious aflbciate, during the 

 fpring of 1669. — Schreb. Gen. 162. Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. 

 1231. Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 4. ( Ambelania ; Aubl. Guian. 

 265. .Tuff". 148. Lamarck Dift. v. i. 125. lUuftr. t. 169. 

 Pacouria ; Aubl. Guian. 268. Jufl". 148. Lamarck Dift. 

 v. 4. 691. lUuftr. t. 169.) — Clafs and order, Pentandrla 

 Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Contorta, Linn. Apocinea, Jufl". 



Gen. Ch. Cah Perianth inferior, of one leaf, flefliy, in 

 five deep acute fegments, very fmall. Cor. of one petal, 

 falver-ftiaped : tube cylindrical, enlarged at the bottom : 

 limb horizontal, in iive deep, obhque, acute, wavy feg- 

 ments, more dilated at one fide than the other, lying over 

 each other at the bale. Stam. Filaments five, very fliort, 

 inferted into the tube juft above the bafe ; anthers arrow- 

 ftiaped. P'ljl. Germen fuperior, roundifti ; ftylc quadrangu- 

 lar ; ftigma capitate, ovate, thick, ftriated, double -pointed, 

 fubtended by a flat orbicular dill<. Per'ic. Berry ovate, 

 coated, of one or two cells. Seeds numerous, angular, 

 compreffed, imbedded in pulp. 



Efl". Ch. Corolla falver-ftiaped, contorted. Stigma ca- 

 pitate. Berry coated, with many angular feeds. 



l.W.acida. Acid Willughbeia. Willd. n. i. (Am- 

 belania acida ; Aubl. Guian. 266. t. 104.) — Stem ereft. 

 Flower-ftalks the length of the footftalks. — Native of ex- , 

 tenfive forefts in Guiana and Cayenne, bearing flowers and j 

 fruit in September. The trunk of this tree is feven or eight- ^ 

 feet high, and feven or eight inches in diameter, with a 

 greyifh bark, and foft white wood. The head confifts of 

 very numerous, ftraight, knotty hranches, fubdivided in an 

 oppofite manner. Leaves oppofite, on ffiort ftalks, ellipti- 

 cal, fomewhat pointed, entire, wavy, fmooth and fliining, 

 with one rib, and many tranfverfe parallel veins ; their 

 greateft length feven inches, by three in breadth. Flowers 

 axillary, three or four together on one common ftalk, which 

 IS hardly fo long as the adjoining footftalk. BraBeas fcaly, 

 folitary at the bafe of each general as well as partial ftalk. 

 Corolla whitifti, fcarcely fo large as that of Vinca minor. 

 Fruit lemon-coloured, oval, corrugated or warty, two inches 

 long, feparated by a longitudinal fleffiy partition, into two 

 cells, filled with acid vifcid pulp, and containing many 

 brown rough feeds. This fruit, though milky, is whole- 

 fome. After the rind is taken off', the remainder is foaked 

 for a while in water. The flavour is agreeably acid, not- 

 withftanding a great degree of vifcidity, by which the pulp 

 adheres to the lips and teeth. This fruit, with or without 

 its rind, is preferved in fugar. In the latter ftate it is cool- 

 ing, flightly acid ; in the former moderately purgative, and 

 efteemed ufeful in dyfenteries. The whole plant when 

 wounded difcharges a milky, very tenacious, juice. 



2. W. fcandens. Climbing Willughbeia. Willd. n. 2. 

 (Pacouria guianenfis ; Aubl. Guian. 269. t. 105.) — Stem 

 twining. Flower-llalks branched, as long as the leaves. — 



Native 



