WIND. 



this author a natural conclufion from the former obfer- 

 vations. 



Their differences, he fays, principally proceed from the 

 various ferments producing in lis a variety of humours ; 

 which afting upon one another, do in their effervefcences 

 create wmds of various effeifts, and denominate difeafes 

 from the places which are the fcenes of their aftion. It is 

 on this account that the acupunftura, or pricking with 

 long needles, among the Chinefe, is of ufc : the Japanefe, 

 and other neighbouring nations, having no other cure for 

 moll difeafes than the pricking with the needle, and the 

 burning of the moxa on the part. 



The hufbandman often fuffers extremely by high winds 

 in many different refpefts. Plantations of trees, at a fmall 

 dillance from the barns and houfes, are the bed fafeguard 

 againft their fuffering by winds ; but they muft not be 

 planted fo near as that their fall, if it (hould happen, would 

 endanger them. Yevs-s grow very flowly, otherwife they 

 are the bell of all trees for this defenlive plantation. Trees 

 fuffer by winds, being either broken or blown down by 

 them : but this may he in a great meafure prevented by 

 cutting off great part of the heads and branches of them, in 

 places where they Hand moll expofed. 



Hops are the mofl fubjeft to be injured by winds of any 

 crop ; but this may be in a great meafure prevented by a 

 high pale, or very thick thorn-hedge ; this will both keep 

 off the fpring wind, which nips the young buds, and be a 

 great fafeguard againft other winds that would tear the 

 plants from their poles. The poles fhould always be very 

 firm in th'? ground ; and the beft fecurity to be added to 

 this, is a row of tall trees all round the ground. 



Winds, attended with rain, do great injury to the corn, 

 by laying it flat to the ground. The bell method of pre- 

 venting this, is to keep up good cnclofures ; and if the acci- 

 dent happens, the corn fliould be cut immediately, for it 

 never grows at all afterwards. It fliould be left on the 

 ground, in this cafe, fome time after the cutting, to harden 

 the grain in the car. Mortimer's Hufbandry, p. 302. 



Wind, in Naingat'irm, is the fame agitation of the air, 

 confidered as fcrviiig for the motion of veffels on the water. 



If the wind blows gently, it is called a breeze; if it 

 blows harder, it is called a galcy or a ftiff gale ; and if it blows 

 very hard, it is called ?iJlorm. 



The following obfervations on the wind have been made 

 by fkilful feamen, and particularly by Dr. Halley. 

 . I. Between the limits of 60°, •viz. from 30° of notth 

 latitude to 30° of fouth latitude, there is a conftant, or 

 almoft conflant, eafl wind through the year, blowing in 

 the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, called the trade-'w'tnd ; 

 which fee. 



2. The trade-winds, near their northern limits, blow be- 

 tween the north and eafl ; and near their fouthern limits they 

 blow between the fouth and eafl. 



The trade-wind feems to depend principally upon the 

 rarefaftion of the air, which is occafioned by the heat of 

 the fun progrefhvely from the eafl towards the wefl. The 

 air which is rarefied, and, of courfe, elevated by the heat 

 of the fun immediately over it, is condenfed, and defcends 

 as foon as the fun is gone over another place to the weft of 

 the former ; then the air of the latter place is rarefied, and 

 the condenfed air of the former rufhes towards it, &c. 

 From the northern and fouthern parts of the world, the air 

 likewife runs to the place which is immediately under the 

 fun ; but thofe direftions, combining with the eaflerly wind, 

 which blows nearer to the equator, form the above-mentioned 



north-eafterly and fouth-cafterly winds on the borders of the 



trade-wind. 



3. Thefe general motions of the wind are difturbed on 

 the continents, and near their coafts. 



In places that are farther from the equator, the rarefac- 

 tion which arifes from the heat of the fun, and from the 

 attraftion of the fun and moon, is lefs aftive ; and is befides 

 influenced by a variety of local and accidental circumftances, 

 fuch as extenfive continents, mountains, rains, iflands, &c. 

 which difturb, interrupt, or totally change the direftion of 

 the wind. Hence, in thofe latitudes north and fouth, 

 which are beyond the limits of the trade-vpind, or near the 

 coafts, the winds are very uncertain ; nor has any good 

 theory been as yet formed refpefting them. 



4. In fome parts of the Indian ocean there are periodical 

 winds, which are called Monfoons ; which fee. 



For the explication of thefe, it is (aid, that as the air, 

 which is cool and denfe, will force the warm rarefied air in 

 a continual ftream upwards, there it muft fpread itfelf to 

 preferve the equilibrium. Therefore the upper courfe or 

 current of air muft be contrary to the under current ; for 

 the upper air muft move from thofe parts where the greateft 

 heat is ; and fo, by a kind of circulation, the N.E. trade- 

 wind below will be attended with a S.W. above ; and a 

 S.E. below, with a N.W. above. 



5. In the Atlantic ocean, near the coafts of Africa, at 

 about a hundred leagues from the fhore, between the lati- 

 tudes of 28° and 10° north, feamen conftantly meet with a 

 frefli gale of wind blowing from the N.E. 



6. Thofe bound to the Caribbee iflands, acrofs the Atlan- 

 tic ocean, find, as they approach the American fide, that 

 the faid N.E. wind becomes eafterly ; or feldom blows 

 more than a point from the eaft, either to the northward or 

 fouthward. Thefe trade-winds, on the American fide, are 

 extended to 30°, 31°, or even to 32° of N. latitude ; which 

 is about 4° farther than they extend on the African fide : 

 alfo to the fouthward of the equator, the trade-winds extend 

 three or four degrees farther toward tiie coaft of Brafil, on 

 the American fide, than they do near the Cape of Good 

 Hope, on the African fide. 



7. Between the latitudes of 4° N. and 4'^ S., the wind 

 always blows between the fouth and eaft : on the African 

 fide, the winds are ncarefl the fouth ; and on the American 

 fide, neareft the eaft. In thefe feas, Dr. Halley obferved, 

 that when the wind was eaftward, the weather was gloomy, 

 dark, and rainy, with hard gales of wind ; but when the 

 wind veered to the fouthward, the weather generally became 

 ferene, with gentle breezes, approaching to a calm. Thefe 

 winds are fomewhat changed by the leafoiis of the year ; 

 for when the fun is far northward, the Brafil S.E. wind 

 turns to the fouth, and the N. E. wind to the eaft ; and 

 when the fun is far fouth, the S.E. wind gets to the 

 eaft, and the N.E. winds on this fide of the equator veer 

 more to the north. 



8. Along the coaft of Guinea, from Sierra Lecne to 

 the ifland of St. Thomas, under the equator, which is above 

 five hundred leagues, the foutherly and fouth-weil winds 

 blow perpetually ; for the S.E. trade-wind, having paffed 

 the equator, and approaching the Guinea coafl within 

 eighty or a hundred leagues, incfines toward the fhore, and 

 becomes fouth, then S.E., and by degrees, as it comes near 

 the land, it veers about to fouth, S.S.W., and in with the 

 land it is S.W. and fometimes W.S.W. This traft is fub- 

 jeft to frequent calms, violent fudden gulls of winds, called 

 tornadoes, blowing from all points of tfie horizon. 



The welterly wind on the coaft of Guinea is probably 



Crtviiig 



I 



