W I N 



oF two feet dimenfions, or nearly : the upper part of the 

 fcrew, having pafled tlie perforation in the crofs-bar, enters 

 a nut or female fcrew, large in the middle, but worked off 

 at the two ends fine enough to be grafped by the hand : by 

 turning this nut, the weight is raifed or let down on the 

 cheefe-vats underneath. 



Where ftones of the required weight and dimenfions are 

 not to be had, a wooden frame of the fame fize is ufed, which 

 is filled with fand, pebbles, or rubble-ftones. 



The fcrew part of this prefs has, in many dairies, been 

 lately fuperfeded by the adoption of an apparatus lefs fimple 

 in its conftruftion, though more eafily worked. In which, 

 on the right fide of the prefs, a third upright is raifed from 

 the floor, and connedled by two crofs-bars, about a foot 

 long, with the upright poll parallel with it. About four 

 feet high, a cylinder of wood, from five to fix inches dia- 

 meter, is inferted, pafling quite through the additional up- 

 right, but kept to its place by a (houlder. To the end are 

 fixed four fpokes, or levers, or an iron handle, to which 

 manual power is applied. • A ilrong rope is faftened to 

 and coiled round the cylinder, which pafling over a pulley 

 let lengthways into the upper bar, proceeds horizontally to 

 another pulley, fixed direAly over the centre of the weight, 

 and by an iron hook attached to it. Very moderate ftrength 

 will raife the weight, which in this conftruftion Aides with 

 grooves fitted to the fide-pofts. The mechanical powers 

 are varied in fome prefles by the ufe of a wheel of a foot or 

 eighteen inches diameter, inftead of the pulley ; but the 

 effeft is fimilar. In either way of working the weight, 

 there is a fuperiority over the old prefs, and little difference 

 in the ex pence. 



Winding Stairs. See Stair. 



Winding of Wool, in Rural Economy, the praftice of put- 

 ting it up into fleeces. There is fome nicety required in this 

 operation ; all the loofe ragged parts are to be turned inwards, 

 fo as to form a neat folid fort of fleece, and all the dirty 

 parts removed. The work is done on a large table or bench 

 for the purpofe. In fome cafes of expert winders, four 

 hundred fleeces can be wound in the courfe of the day. 



WINDISCH Feistritz, in Geography, a town of the 

 duchy of Stiria, on the river Plufcka ; 40 miles S. of Gratz. 

 N. lat. 46° 30'. E. long. 15° 28'. 



WiNDiscH Gra/z, a town of the duchy of Stiria ; iSmiles 

 N.N. W. of Cilley. N. lat. 16° 35'. E. long. 15°. 



WiNDiscH Landjberg, a town of the duchy of Stiria ; 13 

 miles E. of Cilley. 



WiNDiscH Mark, a part of Camiola, bordering on Hun- 

 gary and Croatia. 



WiNDiscH Matray, a town of the archbilhopric of Salz- 

 burg ; 54 miles S.S.W. of Salzburg. N. lat. 46° 55'. E. 

 'long. 12*36'. 



I WINDISH, a village of Switzerland, near Konigsfel- 

 :den, at the conflux of the Aar and the Reufs, in the canton 

 Df Berne, in which are found the ruins of the ancient city 

 \)f VindonilTa, a fortrefs mentioned by Tacitus, which the 

 [Romans made a place of arms to flop the irruption of the 

 (Germans, and is faid to have been the fee of a biftiop. It 

 jivas deftroyed in the 7th century ; 3 miles W. of Baden. 

 1^ WINDISHGARTEN, a town of Auftria ; 16 miles 

 ij.W. of Bavarian Waidhoven. 



I WINDLASS, or Windlace, a machine ufed for raifing 

 'leavy weights, as guns, ftones, anchors, &c. 

 ; It is very fimple, confilling only of an axis, or roller, 

 |upported horizontally at the two ends by two pieces of 

 jvood and a pulley. The two pieces of wood meet at top ; 

 |)eing placed diagonally, fo as to prop each other. The 

 |;xis, or roller, goes through the two pieces, and turns 



WIN 



in them. The pulley is fafi;ened at top, where the pieces 

 join. 



Laftly, there are two ftaves, or handfpikes, which go 

 through the roller, by which it is turned ; and the rope, 

 which comes over the pulley, is wound off" and on the 

 fame. 



Windlass, an horizontal machine, compofed of timber, 

 &c. and moft ufed in merchant-fliips for heaving up their 

 anchors in lieu of a capftan. The body of the windlafs is 

 oftagonal, and is tapered from the middle to the ends by 

 given dimenfions. It is fawn from oak-timber of the belt 

 quality, and the length between the cheeks is in one piece. 

 But when fitted with an iron axle or fpindle in the middle, 

 it muft be in two pieces. The ends without the cheeks are 

 fitted with iron fpindles, and have a hoop driven over their 

 ends. The fpindles muft be very accurately let into the 

 ends and middle of the body, that the axis of each may 

 exaftly agree in a right line. A bolt is driven through the 

 body of the windlafs and each end of the fpindles. On 

 each end of the body is let on and fecurely bolted an iron 

 pall-hoop, with teeth or notches at every two or three inches. 

 The palls, which are iron, are fixed againft the aft-fides of 

 the pall-bits, and fall into the teeth or notches of the pall- 

 hoop, fo as to prevent it turning backwards when charged 

 by the effort of the cable, &c. Holes or mortifes ara cut 

 through, along the middle of the windlafs on each fquare, 

 to admit the handfpikes, and each fquare of the body is 

 covered with elm or fir facings between the cheeks, on the 

 working fide in particular. It is fufpended by its axles or 

 fpindles in brafs rhodings, or gudgeons, which are let in and 

 bolted into a frame of oak-timber called the cheeks, which are 

 let down through the deck, and bolted to the pall-bits. 



There are other methods of fitting windlafles, but this is 

 recommended as the beft. 



WiNDLAss-CA«/fj, pieces of oak or elm faftened to the 

 fides of fmall veflels, and by which the ends of their vnnd- 

 lafles are fufpended. 



WINDLE, in Geography, a townfliip of England, in 

 Lancafliire ; 10 miles N.E. of Liverpool. 



WINDLESTRAW, in Agriculture, a term applied to 

 the naked ftems of the crefted dog's-tail, and other natural 

 grafles. 



It is obferved in the third volume of the Tranfaftions of 

 the Highland Society of Scotland, that the common poa 

 there fometimes goes by the name of windleftraw-grafs. See 

 Grass, and Poa. 



WINDMANNIA, in Botany. See Weinmannia. 

 WINDO, in Geography, a fea-port town of Sweden, in the 

 province of Smaland ; 85 miles N. of Calraar. 



WINDORS, a town of the bilhopric of Paflfau ; 10 mjlea 

 W. of Pafl'au. 



WINDOT Creek, a river of America, which runs into 

 the Ohio, N. lat. 37° 59'. W. long. 86° 48'. 



WINDOW, y. d. WiND-DOOR, an aperture, or open 

 place, in the fide of a houfe, to let in the air and light. 



Before glafs windows came into ufe, (for the antiquity and 

 firft introduftion of which, fee Glass,) the window cafe- 

 ments were commonly made of a tranfparent ftone, called 

 fpecularis lapis, and thence called fpecularia ; and before the 

 fpecularia, veils were the only defence they had againft the 

 weather. Pitifc. Lex. Antiq. in voc. Specularia. 



We have various kinds and forms of windows j as glafs- 

 windows, wire-windows, horn-windows, &c. Arched win- 

 dows, circular windows, elliptical windows, fquare and 

 flat windows, round windows, oval windows, Gothic win- 

 dows, regiJar windows, ruftic windows ; to which add iky- 

 lights. 



3 S 2 The 



