W I N 



Unoccupied houfes are to be inferted in the aflefiment, 

 aud the aiTeflbrs, or the furveyors and infpeftors, are to cer- 

 tify when they become occupied ; and the perfon occupy- 

 ing fhall give notice to the aflenbr, fnrveyor, or infpeftor, 

 within twenty days after occupation, under a penalty of 

 5/., and be liable to be charged for the reft of the pre- 

 ceding quarter ; and houfes becoming unoccupied after afleff- 

 ment are to be charged for the whole year, unlefs notice is 

 given. Notices are alfo to be given by occupiers of houfes 

 or managers of hofpitals, charity-fchools, poor-houfes, or 

 licenfed chapels, entitled to exemptions ; and the exemp- 

 tions are to be alloyved by the commiflioners after exa- 

 mination. Burn's Juftice, vol. v. See Tax and Commu- 

 tation. 



Window, in /Inatomy, &c. See Fenestra. 



WINDRUSH, in Geography, a river of England, in the 

 county of Oxford, which runs into the Thames, 5 miles 

 S.S.W. of Witney. 



WINDSBACH, a town and citadel of Germany, in 

 the principahty of Anfpach ; 10 miles S.E. of Anfpach. 

 N. lat. 49° 13'. E. long. 10° 46'. 



WINDSHEIM, a town of Bavaria. The inhabitants 

 are chiefly Lutherans. This town was imperial till 1802, 

 when it was given to the eleftor of Bavaria ; 28 miles S.W. 

 of Wurzburg. N. lat. 49° 34'. E. long. 10° 26'. 



WINDSOR, commonly called New Windsor, to dif- 

 tinguilh it from a parilh named Old Windfor, a market and 

 borough town of Berklhire, England, is eminent in the hif- 

 toric annals of the kingdom, on account of containing one 

 of the palaces of the fovereigns, and from the many diftin- 

 guifhed events which are identified with the place. Some 

 of our moft eminent military and chivalrous fovereigns have 

 made the caftle, or palace of Windfor, their chief refidence, 

 and confequently the fcene of various celebrated feftivities, 

 tournaments, and national aflemblies. In the annals of the 

 caftle, this is fully verified. When the Domefday-book 

 was compiled, the caftle, which had been then lately built 

 by William the Conqueror, was within the manor, and it is 

 probable within the parifli of Clewer, of which Windfor 

 was formerly a chapelry : it afterwards became the feat of 

 an extenfiTe honor. 



We are told by the Saxon Chronicle, that William the 

 Conqueror kept his Whitfuntide at Windfor in 1071 ; and 

 that a fynod was held there in 1072, wherein the province 

 of York was made fubjeft to Canterbury. It is probable, 

 that William Rufus kept his Whitfuntide at Windfor in 

 1095, his Chriftmas in 1096, and his Eafter in 1097 : 

 but in all probabihty all thefe feftivals were held at the 

 palace at Old Windfor. Windfor-cattle feems to have 

 been intended by William the Conqueror more for a mili- 

 tary poft, for which by its fituation it was well adapted, 

 than for the refidence of himfelf and his fuccefTors. ■* 



Several monarchs kept their Chriftmas and other feftivals 

 at Windfor ; on fome of which occafions there were tour- 

 naments and otlier chivalrous fetes performed. After the 

 contentions between Stephen and Maud, Windfor-caftle, 

 as the fecond fortrefs of the kingdom, was committed to 

 the cuftody of Richard de Lacy. 



It appears that a new barbican, or out-work, was built 

 to the caftle by king Henry III. In 1263, during the 

 wars between that monarch and his barons, prmce Edv^ard 

 garrifoned Windfor-caftle with foreigners, who nearly de- 

 ftroyed the town, and did much injury to the furrounding 

 country. The fame year it was given up to the barons, and 

 the king made an order that Eleanor, wife of prince Ed- 

 ward, with her daughter and all her houfehold, fhould, 

 without delay, retire from the caftle. 



W I N 



A great tournament was held in Windfor-park on the 

 9th of July, in the fixth of king Edward I. That mo- 

 narch and his fucceftbr, king Edward II., refided frequently 

 at Windfor, where feveral of their children were born. 



John, king of France, and his fon Philip, were prifoners 

 in Windfor-caftle. David, king of Scotland, is alio faid to 

 have been prifoner there at the fame time. 



All hiftorians agree, that Windfor-caftle owes its magni- 

 ficent fabric to the afFeftion which king Edward III. bore 

 to the place of his nativity. Walfinghani relat s, that in 

 1334, he built a chamber, which he called the round table, 

 200 feet in diameter : this, by other accounts, appears to 

 have been only a temporary ftrufture. Holingftied fays, that 

 m 1 359, " the king fet workmen in hand, to take down much 

 old buildings belonging to the caftle of Windfor, and caufed 

 divers other fair and fumptuous works to be fet up in and 

 about the fame caftle, fo that almoft all the mafons and 

 carpenters, that were of any account within the land, were 

 fent for, and employed on the fame works." But it ap- 

 pears that various commiflions for appointing furveyors 

 and imprefllng workmen had been iffued fome years before; 

 and that in 1356, William of Wykeham, then one of the 

 king's chaplains, was made clerk of the vvorks with ample 

 powers, and a fee of one (hilling a day whilft at Windfor, 

 and two ftiillings when he went elfewhere upon bufinefs : 

 his clerk had a falary of three ftiillings a week. In 1359, 

 the architeft's powers were further enlarged, and he was 

 appointed keeper of the manors of Old and New Windfor. 

 The next year 360 workmen were imprefled to be em- 

 ployed on the buildings at the king's wages, fome of whom 

 having clandeftinely left Windfor, and engaged in other 

 employments for greater wages, writs were iffiied to prevent 

 perfons employing them, on pain of forfeiting all their 

 goods and chattels, and to commit fuch of the workmen as 

 ftiould be apprehended to Newgate. The plague having 

 carried off" a great number of the king's workmen in 1362, 

 new writs were ift^ued to the ftieriff^s of feveral counties to 

 imprefs 302 mafons and diggers of ftone to be employed in 

 the king's works. The counties of York, Salop, and 

 Devon, were to furnifti fixty men each. Glaziers were im- 

 prefled in the year 1363 ; very few commiflions were ifl^ued 

 after the year 1369, and none after 1373, fo that it may be 

 prefumed that this noble work was then completed ; com- 

 prifing the king's palace, the great hall of St. George, the 

 lodgings on the eaft and fouth fides of the upper ward, the 

 round tower, the chapel of St. George, the canon's houfes 

 in the lower ward, and the whole circumference of the 

 walls, with the towers and gates. 



The appeal of high trcafon, brought by the duke of 

 Lancafter againft Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk, in 

 1398, was heard by king Richard II., on a fcaff^old erefted 

 within the caftle at Windfor, when, it being found impoffi- 

 ble to reconcile the opponents, a day of combat was ap- 

 pointed to take place at Coventry. The caftle continued 

 to be the occafional refidence of our monarchs, who from 

 time to time made various alterations in the buildings, par- 

 ticularly king Henry VII. Windfor-caftle was garrifoned by 

 the parliament, foon after the breaking out of the civil war be- 

 tween Charles and his fubjeCls ; and colonel Venn, who was 

 afterwards one of the king's judges, was appointed tiie go- 

 vernor. Prince Rupert made an unfuccefsful attack upon 

 it in the autumn of 1642. The caftle continued under the 

 jurifdittion of parliament during the war, and in the year 

 1648 became ihe pril'on of its unfortunate monarch. Judge 

 Jenkyns was alfo a pvKoner here for feveral years ; whence 

 he was removed to Wallingford, in 1656. 



Upon the Reftoration, king Charles II. finding the build- 

 ings 



