W 1 N 



Wings, Goofe. See Goose. 



Wing, St. Michael's, is the name of a military order in 

 Portugal, inllituted, according to the Jefuit Mendo, in 

 1165 ; or, according to di Michieli, in his Teforo Militar. 

 de Cavalleria, in 1171. Its inftitutor was Alphonfus 

 Henry I. king of Portugal ; and the occafion was a viAory 

 gained by him over the king of Savil, and his Saracens ; 

 for which he thought himfelf beholden to St. Michael, 

 whom he had chofen for his patron in the war againft the 

 infidels. 



The banner they bore was a wing refembling that of the 

 archangel, of a purple colour, encompaffed with rays of 

 gold. Their rule was that of St. Benedift ; the vow they 

 made was to defend the Chriftian religion, and the borders 

 of the kingdom, and to proteft orphans. Their motto, 

 Quis ut Dens ! 



WitiG-lVal/s, of a bridge or lock, are fplaying-walls for 

 diminifhing the width of the canal to fuch bridge or lock, 

 and for keeping up the banks. 



WINGE, in Geography, a river of France, which runs 

 into the Demer, 2 miles W. of Arfchot. 



WINGED, in Botany, a term applied to fuch ftems of 

 plants as are furni(hed, all their length, with a fort of mem- 

 branous appendage. 



Several kinds of thiftles have winged ftalks and branches. 



Winged Leaves are fuch as confift of divers little leaves, 

 ranged in the fame direction, on each fide of a rib or Italk, 

 fo as to appear no more than one and the fame leaf. Such 

 are the leaves of agrimony, acacia, afh, &c. See Wing. 



Winged Seeds are fuch as have down or hairs on them, 

 by which the wmd taking hold blows them to a diftance. 



Winged Stali. See Stalk. 



Winged, in Heraldry, is applied to a bird when its wings 

 are of a different colour, or metal, from the body. 



Winged is alfo applied to any thing reprefented with 

 wings, though contrary to its nature ; as •winged or fiylng 

 hart, S:c. 



WINGER, in Geography, a town of Norway, in the pro- 

 vince of Aggerhuus ; 2 miles S. of Kongfwinger. 



WINGHAM, a village and parilh in the hundred of its 

 own name, and lathe of St. Augulline, in the county of 

 Kent, England, is fituated 34 miles E. from Maidftone, and 

 62 E. by S. from London. A college of a provoft and 

 fix fecular canons was projefted here by Kilwardby, arch- 

 bifhop of Canterbury, but fettled and endowed by his fuc- 

 cefTor, Peckham, in 1286. It was valued at 84/. per annum 

 at the general fuppreflion. By Edward VI. the college, 

 with the patronage of the church and all tythes, were 

 granted to fir Henry Palmer. The building, now called the 

 college, and which formed the manfion of the Palmers, 

 appears to have been the provoft's lodge. The church con- 

 tains memorials of the Palmers and the Oxendens, who 

 have a feat at Deane, in the pari{h. A double row of ftalls 

 llill exifts in the chancel. Wingham gives a title to earl 

 Cowper, who, however, has no eftate in the pari(h. It 

 gave birth to Henry de Wingham, chancellor of England, 

 bifhop of Winchefter, and afterwards of London. In 1811 

 the inhabitants of the parifh were 859, who occupied 162 

 boufes. — Beauties of England, Kent, by E. W. Brayley. 



Wingham'j IJland, a fmall ifland in the North Pacific 

 ocean, near the W. coaft of North America; 3 miles N.W. 

 of Kaye's ifland. N. lat. 60° 4'. E. long. 215° 46'. 



WINGROD, a town of Auftrian Poland, in Galicia ; 

 16 miles N.W. of Sniatyn. 



WINHALL, a townfhip of Vermont, in the county of 

 Bennington, with 429 inhabitants ; 30 miles N.E. of Ben- 

 nington. 



WIN 



WININGEN, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Rhine and Mofelle, on the N. fide of the Mofelle ; 5 

 miles W. of Coblentz. 



WINKEL, a town of France, in the department of 

 Mont Tonnerre ; 14 miles W. of Mentz. 



WINKELMAN, Abbe John, in Biography, a German 

 antiquary, was born at Stendal, in the Mark of Branden- 

 burg, in 1 7 18. Although born in very humble life, he 

 fortunately enjoyed favourable opportunities of cultivating 

 his talents in that department in which he afterwards 

 attained to eminence. He had arrived at the age of 37 

 years before he was known to the public as an author. , 

 His firft work was " Rcfleftions on the Imitation of the 

 Greeks in Painting and Sculpture ;" and it was received in 

 a manner that very much contributed to ellabhlh his repu- 

 tation. At the court of Auguftus, king of Poland, he was 

 profelyted to the Catholic faith, more, as fome have faid, 

 by arguments addreffed to his worldly intereft, than to his 

 fpiritual welfare. It is certain, however, that he much 

 wifhed to vifit Italy for the fake of examining thofe mafter- 

 pieces of art that were to be found in that country. With 

 this view he left Drefden, and in paffing through Florence 

 in 1756, he made a defcriptive catalogue of the antiquities 

 in the coUeftion of the celebrated baron de Stofch, which 

 feemed to introduce him with advantage to Rome, whither 

 he proceeded towards the clofe of this year. His acquaint- 

 ance with the famous painter Mengs, Bianconi, and feveral 

 other ingenious artifts, forwarded his accefs to two of the 

 moll celebrated literary men at Rome, cardinal Paffionei 

 and the prelate Giaconelli ; from whofe library and learning 

 he derived much ufeful information, fo that he was foon ac- 

 knowledged as a man of fine tafte, and a diftinguilhed con- 

 noifleur in works of art. Afluming the ecclefiaftical habit, 

 he fucceeded the abbe Venuti as keeper of the pope's 

 cabinet of antiquities ; and he was alfo appointed copyift 

 in the library of the Vatican. Under the patronage of the 

 pope, who increafed his income out of his privy-purfe, he 

 completed his Hiftory of Art among the Ancients, and then 

 left Rome in 1768 to vifit his friends in Germany, and to 

 revife his work to be tranflated into French by M. Touf- 

 faint of Berlin. On his return to Rome by way of Triefte, 

 he was aflaflinated, in June 1768, by a wretch who had 

 joined him on the road, and who had fo far gained his con- 

 fidence, that he had (hewn him fome gold medals and valuable 

 prefents which he had received at Vienna. " Abbe Win- 

 kelman," fays one of his biographers, " was of the middle 

 fize, with a very low forehead, a (harp nofe, and black hollow 

 eyes, which gave him rather a gloomy appearance. An 

 ardent and impetuous difpofition often hurried him into 

 extremes. Naturally enthufiaftic, he frequently indulged 

 an extravagant imagination ; but as he pofleffed a ftrong 

 and folid judgment, he knew how to give things their jull 

 value. In confequence of this turn of mind, as well as a 

 neglefted education, he was a ftranger to cautious referve. 

 If he was bold in his decifions as an author, he was ftill 

 more fo in his converfation, and often made his friends 

 tremble for his temerity." The tranflation of his Hiitory 

 of the Arts was completed only in part by Touffaint. 

 Another French tranflation was publifhed by Huber, pro- 

 feffor at Leipfic. It is faid that the laft French tranflation 

 is far preferable to the firil, as it was made from an enlarged 

 edition of the original, printed at Vienna in 1776, after a 

 MS. left by the author. Among the other works of 

 Winkelman were, " Letters on the Difcoveries made at 

 Herculaneum," tranflated into Enghfli by Mr. Gough ; 

 " Unpubliftied Monuments of Antiquity, fuch as Statues, 

 ancient Paintings, engraved Stones, Bas- Reliefs, in Marble 



and. 



