W I N 



W I N 



manor, by king OfFa. The manor is now the property of 

 William Selby, efq., who has a feat in the town. The 

 parifti-church, a fpacious ftrufture confilling of a nave, 

 two aifles, a chancel, and a tower, contains no monuments of 

 note. According to the population return of 1811, the 

 houfes in the parifli were 223, and the inhabitants 1222. 

 Here is a fmall market on Thurfdays, and five annual 

 fairs. — Magna Britannia, by the Rev. D.Lyfons and S. 

 Lyfons, efq. 410. 1806. 



WiNSLOW, a town of the province of Maine, on the 

 Kennebeck, in the county of the fame name, containing 658 

 inhabitants ; 88 miles N.N.E. of Portland. 



WINSTER, a fmall market-town in the hundred of 

 High Peak, and county of Derby, England, is fituated 5 miles 

 W. by N. from Matlock, and 152 miles N.N.W. from 

 London. The manor belonged to Henry de Ferrars when 

 the Domefday-furvey was taken. At a later period it was 

 lield by the Mountjoys, who were fucceeded by the Mey- 

 nells. The latter fold it to the freeholders in the reign of 

 queen Elizabeth. The town affords nothing worthy of par- 

 ticular notice. It has a chapel of eafe to the pariih of 

 Youlgrave, of which Winder forms a part ; and alfo a 

 chapel for the Wefleyan Methodifts. A market is held on 

 Saturdays, which appears to be by prefcription ; for there 

 is no grant of it on record : till lately here was an annual 

 fair, but it is now difcontinued. The population return of 

 the year 181 1 flates Winder to contain 217 houfes, and 852 

 inhabitants ; the latter are chiefly employed in the mining 

 bufinefs, and in the inferior branches of the cotton trade. 

 On the commons, in the vicinity of the town, are feveral 

 cairns, or ftbne barrows, and alfo two or three barrows of 

 earth : in one of the latter, which was opened in the year 

 1768, two glafs vefTels were difcovered, about nine inches in 

 height, containing a pint of water, of a light green colour, 

 and very limpid. With thefe a filver collar or bracelet was 

 found, together with fome fmall well-wrought ornaments, 

 feveral beads of glafs and earth, and remains of brafs clafps 

 and hinges, with pieces of wood, that feemed to have be- 

 longed to a box in which the ornaments had been depofited. 

 Thefe antiquities induced Mr. King to fuppofe the barrow 

 to have been raifed over fome Briton of diftinftion, though 

 long after the Romans were in poffeffion of the ifland. — 

 Beauties of England and Wales, vol. iii. Derbyfliire ; by 

 J. Britton and E. W. Brayley, 1803. Lyfons' Magna 

 Britannia, vol. v. Derby (hire, 1817. 



WiNSTER, a river of the county of Lancafter, which 

 runs into the Ken, at its mouth. 



WINTBERG, a town of Pruffia, on the Curifch Haff; 

 14 miles N. of Preckol. 



WINTENAU, a town of the duchy of Stiria ; 2 miles 

 iS. of Marburg. 



! WINTER, , in Biography, a German opera com- 



ipofer, of great abilities, who fucceeded Bianciii at our 

 Lyric theatre in 1803 ; during which year he produced, in 

 11803-4, ^^^ miific of the ballet of Achille and Deidamia, 

 jand for Mrs. Billington's benefit. 



Winter, one of the four feafons or quarters of the 

 iyear._ 



I Wmter properly commences on the day when the fun's 

 idiftance from the zenith of the place is the greateft, and 

 itnds on the day when its diilance is at a mean between 

 ;the greateft and lead. 



I Notwithftanding the coldnefs of this feafon, it is proved, 

 lin aftronomy, that the fun is really nearer to the earth in 

 livifiter than in fummer. The reafon of the decay of heat, 

 l&c. fee under Heat. 



Under the equator, the winter, as well as the other fea- 

 I Vol. XXXVIII. 



fons, return twice every year ; but all other places have 

 only one winter in the year ; which, in the northern hemi- 

 fpherc, begins when the fun is in the tropic of Capricorn ; 

 and in the fouthern hemifphere, when in the tropic of 

 Cancer : fo that all places in the fame hemifphere have 

 their winter at the fame time. 



Winter Management of Flowers, in Gardening, among 

 florifts, moftly confids in placing them in proper fituations 

 and expofures, in properly protefting them, in duly earth- 

 ing them on the approach of the fpring feafon, and fome 

 other matters of lefs confequence. Different kinds of flower- 

 plants require different forts of management in thefe refpefts ; 

 but in thofe of the primrofe kind, efpecially in the auricula, 

 (fee Auricula and Primula,) the plants, after being 

 placed out in proper frames, in a full fouthern expofure, 

 from about the middle of Oftober throughout the winter, 

 and having a rather warm proteftion given them the whole 

 of that time, when the weather is fevere, fhould in all the 

 autumnal and winter months, until the beginning of April, or 

 later, be expofed during the day to the full open air, .by 

 wholly removing the glaffes, except in the time of very 

 heavy rains, and fevere frods or dorms, though the com- 

 mon praftice is that of keeping them on, and only letting in 

 air by raifing the lights behind. In the mid-winter feafon 

 they fliould be kept very dry, as fevere froft has in that cafe 

 lefs effeft on the roots ; confequently, when rain obliges the 

 lights to be kept on, they (hould be raifed behind. Heavy 

 rain, or much wet, is very prejudicial and fometimes de- 

 druftive to thefe plants, which are otherwife hardy. Much 

 expofure to the free air in dry weather has likewife great 

 effeft on the richnefs and brilliancy of their ground colours 

 and good fpring bloom, as well as on their health, vigour, 

 and hardinefs. In the afternoon, as about four o'clock, 

 however, the plants (hould be covered by the lights at this 

 feafon in a clofe manner, and have two or three thickneffes 

 of mats thrown over them, to remain \mtil about nine 

 o'clock on the morning following, when, fhould there not 

 be rain, hail, or fnow, they may be expofed to the full open 

 air as above ; but in the contrary circumdances, the mats 

 fhould only be removed fo as to give light, air being plenti- 

 fully let in behind. In the two beginning months of the 

 year much mud depend on the date of the weather ; when 

 mild and open, the plants may be managed nearly as above ; 

 but in fevere froft and fnow much more caution muft be 

 ufed in regard to expofure, fo as not to have the mould of 

 the pots much frozen, as the bloom is now beginning to form, 

 and would be injured thereby ; but in long frods air fhould 

 be let in as much as pofTible in the above manner, and light 

 be given, with the influence of the fun, when there is any, 

 in the middle of the day ; the plants being always clofely (hut 

 and covered up by three o'clock in the afternoon. Though the 

 plants fhould be very dry, they fhould have but little water, 

 either in rain, or from the watering-pot, in the two pre- 

 ceding months, and only a fmall quantity, or fome fmall 

 light foutherly fliowers in thefe, fo as to render the ground 

 in a moderately moid condition. Towards the middle or 

 end of February, the plants ftiould be drefied, cleaned, and 

 new-earthed with frefh mould for the fpring, when there is 

 mild open weather, removing thofe from the fmall pots into 

 larger, and expofing them fully to the gentle rains and 

 fhowers, but conftantly defending them well from frofts, 

 hail, and dorms, as they now begin to ftioot new fibres more 

 quickly, and to grow fad. This manner of managing them 

 fhould be continued until nearly the middle of March, after 

 which they fhould be covered more warmly in the nights, 

 for fear of frofts, and that they may be bloomed very 

 fine. 



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