WIN 



By attention to proper winter and other management, ftill 

 more diverfity and variety may moft probably be produced 

 in this and different other flowers. 



Winter, among Printers, that part of the printing- 

 prefs, ferving to fuilain the carriage, &c. See Printing- 

 Prefs. 



WlfiTER's-Bari, Cortex WiNTERI, or WinteRANUS, 

 W INTERA ^romatim; which fee. See Cortex. 



This is one of the largeft foreft-trees upon Terra del 

 Fuego, often rifing to the height of fifty feet. Dr. Solan- 

 der has given an accurate botanical defcription of it, illuf- 

 trated by a figure, in Med. Obf. and Inq. vol. v. p. 46, 

 &c. Its leaves are ever-green, fmooth, oval, and entire ; 

 the flowers confift of feven petals, with from fifteen to 

 thirty ftamina, and from three to fix germina, terminating 

 in as many iligmata ; each germen becomes a leed-veffel, 

 containing feveral feeds : the bark of the trunk of the tree 

 is externally grey, and very little wrinkled. The pieces of 

 this bark brought over by the Dolpliin are about three or 

 four inches fquare, of different degrees of thicknefs, from 

 one-fourth to three-fourths of an inch. It is of a dark 

 brovi'n cinnamon colour, an aromatic fmcll if rubbed, and 

 of a liot, pungent, fpicy tafle, which is lafting on the palate, 

 though imparted flowly. 7^ watery infufion of it ftruck a 

 black colour with a folution of green vitriol. An infufion 

 of two ounces, coarfely powdered, yielded on evaporation 

 two drachms and twenty-four grains of extraft : the fame 

 quantity, with reftified fpirit, afforded two drachms of 

 extraft. 



This bark, though much celebrated as an antifcorbutic 

 by the firft difcoverers, is unknown in the praftice of phy- 

 fic ; the canella alia, (fee Canella,) which is totally dif- 

 ferent from it( having been confounded with it in the fhops; 

 and no quantity having been brought to Europe, except as 

 a curiofity, till the return of the ftiips fent out on an expe- 

 dition to the Soi\th feas. It has been thought to be a ufeful 

 antifcorbutic ; but it feems to poffefs in this refpeft no ad- 

 vantage over the other pungent aromatics, and it is now 

 generally fuperfeded by the canella alba. 



From fome experiments on this bark by Dr. Morris, it 

 appears to be an aftringent of a particular kind, and there- 

 fore likely to be of ufe in feveral manufaftures ; and that 

 water is the proper diffolvent of it. 



It is hoped that this tree, no lefs ufeful than elegant, 

 may be cultivated in our country, where it would • probably 

 grow luxuriantly, as in a much warmer region than its own, 

 and furnifli, not only a valuable ever-green, bearing our fe- 

 vereft winters, but alfo a valuable medicine. Med. Obferv. 

 jibifupra. 



VfiNTER-Barley, in Agriculture, a term applied to an ex- 

 cellent fort, which is put into the ground in the autumn, 

 and which Itands the winter. It is found by fome farmers 

 to be very produftive in its nature, and when made into 

 malt to form a much ftronger fort than that which is pro- 

 duced from common barley. 



In fome diftrifts, it is a good deal fovvn and cultivated as 

 an early fheep-feed, in which intention it often anfwers very 

 well. See Barley. 



WiNTER-^^rry. See Prinos. 



WiNTER-jB/ooni. See Azalea. 



WiNTER-CAcrry. See Physalis Alkekengi. 



WinTER-Creffes. See Erysimum Barbarea. 



WwTEix-Crops, in Agriculture, a term ufed to fignify all 

 fuch as are put into the foil to grow or rife at that time of 

 the year, which arc capable of withllanding that fcvere fea- 

 fon, or which can be converted to the purpofe of fodder for 

 animals at that inclement and necclTitous period. 



W I N 



WiviTER-Fal/oio. See Fallow. 



WiNTER-Garilen, a term often applied to that kind of 

 ornamental garden which is chiefly for ufe and amufement 

 at that feafon of the year. It has been advifed by Mr. 

 Loudon, that a winter-garden fliould contain all fuch trees, 

 flirubs, plants, and other vegetable produdions, as are in a 

 ftate of perfeftion, or retaining their beauty and verdure, at 

 and during this feafon, in the moil complete manner ; as 

 mod of the ever-green tribe or clafs of trees and flirubs, 

 many flowering plants, as the aconite, fnow-drop, Chrift- 

 mas-rofe, and feveral others of fimilar kinds ; that thefe 

 (liould be grouped and arranged in the natural manner in 

 fuch garden-grounds ; and that a dry gravel or other fimilar 

 kind of walk fliould be conduAed throughout, or carried 

 round-about the whole, in the viev/ of being walked upon 

 at this feafon without inconvenience ; that thefe forts of 

 gardens fhould be fituated near the manfion or refidence, in 

 order that they may be comfortably and conveniently ap- 

 proached in the different winter months ; and that the con- 

 fervatory too, as well as fome other fuch houfes, fliould be 

 placed in them. 



WiNTER-G/-f«;, in Botany. See Pyrola. 



The greater round-leaved winter-green, or pyrola rotundi- 

 folia major, is generally brought over from Switzerland with 

 other vulnerary plants, in which clafs it is ranged, and by 

 fome greatly commended. Miller. 

 ' WiNTER-Grm;, Ivy-fotuering. See Kalmia. 



WlNTER-Gr«n, with Chicktueed Flotxiers. See TrieN- 



TALIS. 



WiNTER-^;'_yn;n^, in our Statutes, a feafon between the 

 eleventh day of November, and the three-and-twentietli 

 of April, which is excepted from the liberty of common- 

 ing in the forefl of Dean, &c. Stat. 20 Car. II. cap. <?. 

 Blount. ^ ^ 



WitiTER- Pears, in Gardening, fuch as will keep, and are 

 ready for ufe in that feafon. It has been fuggefted in a 

 paper in the fecond volume of the " Memoirs of the Cale- 

 donian Horticultural Society," that in the cultivation of 

 pears of this fort, thofe of the 77:i}/-bearing forts fliould be 

 carefully avoided'; that they fliould be fuited as much as 

 poffible to the nature of the climate or region where they 

 are to be grown ; that they fliould have their fituation in 

 a proper expofure, and in a proper foil ; that they fliould be 

 well pruned, trained, and managed, iu all other refpefts; 

 that thofe kinds which can be mofl depended on be had 

 recourfe to ; that new varieties may probably be raifed 

 from feed with advantage in this view ; and that endeavours 

 Ihould be made to bring into ufe any good late forts of this 

 fruit. 



The number of winter-pears in the northern parts of this 

 ifland are fuppofed to be fcanty indeed. That if the few 

 that have been favourably fpoken of by fome cannot be 

 liad, there are not, it is believed, above five more to be 

 depended on in thefe fituations ; which are t!iefe, the fwan- 

 egg, achan, brier-bufli, the John Monteth, and to which may 

 be added the muirfowl-egg, which keeps there much longer 

 than the fxan-egg, and muil be allowed to be a winter-pear, 

 though commonly fet down as an autunm fruit. The fwan- 

 egg has there, it is faid, never kept good longer than the 

 end of November, while tiie muirfowl has fometimes re- 

 mained in good prefervation until towards the end of April. 

 In the then lafl: feafon they were taken from the tree, it is 

 faid, fooner than ufual ; confequently were earlier ripe or 

 fit to eat, and of courfe have decayed more fpeedily, than 

 ordinary. They were, however, pcrfeftly good until to- 

 wards the end of January in the following year, after which 

 they fpoiled in a very fudden manner. The muirfowl-egg 

 .=i y 2 may 



