W 1 R 



fhould likewife be carried over the cracks, by which means 

 a flight quantity of tenacious moiilure will exude, and glue 

 up the feparated parts ; which may be covered over with 

 an ointment compofed of four ounces of marfh-mallow 

 ointment, and two ounces of common turpentine, fpread 

 upon tow, and kept on the parts by bandages. 



The animals fhould have bar-lhoes, which may reft firmly 

 on the frogs, and be made hollow in the parts oppofite to 

 the feats of the complaints, in order that no preffure may be 

 given to thofe parts of the feet ; reft being given for fome 

 days, and then only moderate exercife allowed, until the 

 cracks have defcended towards the lower parts of the feet. 

 The coronets and hoofs may be bathed twice a day, as in 

 the above cafes of contrafted heels, in order that the growth 

 of horn may be promoted. By the ufe of thefe means, the 

 animals moftly foon get better. 



Wires of AJlerix, in Natural Hi/lory, a name given by 

 authors to a fort of extraneous foftil belonging to the 

 afleriit, and being a fort of branches from the body of 

 that column. 



Vf iK^ of Lapland. The favage inhabitants of Lapland 

 have a fort of fhining flender fubftance in ufe among 

 them on feveral occafions, which is much of the thicknefs 

 and appearance of our fdver wire ; and is therefore 

 called, by thofe who do not examine its ftrufture or fub- 

 ftance, Lapland wire. 



The people of this miferable country find many ufes in 

 every thing nature has afforded them, and, among the 

 reft, that fpecies of ftag called the rein-deer, which is 



■ the moft frequent animal among them, is not only fer- 

 viceable in furniftiing them with meat, clothes, houfes, 



! and the means of carriage and travelling ; but its bones 

 ! make many of their moft neceftary utenfils ; and the 

 ' finews, which are all carefully feparated in the eating, 

 I are, by the women, after foaking in water, and beating, 

 fpun into a fort of thread, which is of admirable fine- 

 nefs and ftrength, when wrought to the fmalleft fila- 

 ments ; but when larger, is very ftrong, and fit for the 

 I purpofes of ftrength and force. Their wire, as it is called, 

 I is made of the fineft of thefe threads, covered with tin. 

 ' The women do this bufinefs, and the way they take is to 

 i melt a piece of tin, and placing at the edge of it a horn 

 ! with a hole through it, they draw thefe finewy threads, 

 covered w-ith the tin, through the hole, which prevents 

 I their coming out too thickly covered. This drawing is 

 performed with their teeth, and there is a f mall piece of 

 bone placed at the top of the hole, where the wire is made 

 jflat, fo that we always find it rounded on all fides but one, 

 I where it is flat. 



I This wire they ufe in embroidering their clothes as we 

 I do with gold and filver ; and they often fell it to ftrangers, 

 ) under the notion of its having certain magical virtues. 

 Scheffer, Hift. Lapland. 



i VJiRE-lVorm, in yfgrkulture, a moft mifchievous worm in 

 j different forts of grain-crops. It has been defcribed by 

 iBierkander, in the Swedifti Tranfaftions, as having in the 



■ grub-ftate a yellow colour, with the head brown, and the 

 lextremitlfs of the jaws black ; the body conftituted of 

 |twelve joints, ftiining, and hard-flvinned ; when it changes 

 jits (Itin it is for fome time white ; a few hairs are fcattered 

 Ihere and there, but moftly upon the head and laft joint ; 

 junder the three firft joints are fix horny and pointed feet, 

 land at the beiiinning of the 'laft joint, which is round, 

 Ithere are two black fpots, one on each fide, which 

 [are, probably, apertures through which it breathes. 



j It is confidered by fome, notwithftanding the almoft 

 Igencral opinion of farmers to the contrary, that the djfeafe 



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of wheat -crops, which is attributed to this infeft or worm, 

 depends upon fome other caufe, as a fault in ploughing, by 

 which the land is left in too light, open, and porous aftate 

 or condition, and which prevents the young plants from 

 being fully and properly nouriftied, .ind conl^t-quently from 

 forming their roots in a proper manner in the ground. 

 And this notion is in fome meafure fupported by the cir- 

 cumftance of the benefit which is afforded by roUing, tread- 

 ing, and otherwife comprelfing the land. 



It has been proved and ftiewn by many different trials, 

 that this worm is one which is extremely tenacious of life, 

 and confequently not eafily deftroyed or got quit of by 

 any means which have yet been made ufe of for the 

 purpofe. 



Wire, in Geography, one of the fmaller Orkney iflands, 

 feparated from Roufa by a ftrait called Wire Sound, abovt 

 three-quarters of a mile in breadth. N. lat. 58° 58'. W. 

 long. 2° 51'. 



Wire. See Wyre. 



WIREDY, a town of Sweden, in the province of Sma- 

 land ; 16 miles N.E. of Jonkioping. 



WIRESTA, a town of Sweden, in the province of 

 Smaland ; 26 miles S.W. of Wexio. 



WIRI, two fmall iflands in the gulf of Finland. N. lat. 

 59° 50'. E. long. 27°. 



WIRING, among j4mmals, the operation of putting a 

 fiiarp-pointed wire up the noftrils of a flieep, fo as to pafs 

 up into the brain, and produce a difcharge in cafes of the 

 fturdy, turn, gid, or vertigo. It feems, however, a danger- 

 ous remedy, though it is faid to have been fuccefsful io 

 curing the difeafe in many cafes. 



Wiring Fruit-Trees, in Gardening, the operation and 

 pradlice of paffing a fine wire round their branches, in order 

 to bring on the fruiting ftate. 



WIRKOWENES, in Geography, a town of Poland, 

 in the palatinate of Kiev ; 44 miles W.N.W. of Biala- 

 cerkiew. 



WIRKS WORTH, an ancient market-town in the 

 wapentake of the lame name, in the county of Derby, Eng- 

 land, is fituated near the fouthern extremity of the mining 

 diftritt, in a valley nearly furrounded by hills, at the diU 

 tance of 14 miles N.N.W. from the county-town, and 140 

 miles N.W. by N. from London. In the year 83J, the 

 manor belonged to the abbey of Repton ; after the deftruc- 

 tion of that monaftery by the Danes, it became veiled in 

 the crown, to which it appertained at the time of taking 

 the Domefday-furvey. King John granted it to WiUiatn 

 de Ferrars, earl of Derby. Having been forfeited by the 

 attainder of earl Robert in 126 J, it was granted, together 

 with the wapentake, by Edward I. to his brother, Edmund, 

 earl of Lancafter ; and has ever fince formed part of the 

 earldom or duchy of Lancafter. It is now held under the 

 duchy by Richard Arkwright, efq. A market on Wed- 

 nefdays, and a fair of three days, were granted for this 

 town to Thomas, carl of Lancafter, in 1305. The market 

 is now held on Tuefday, chiefly for butcher's-meat, butter, 

 eggs, and pedlar's-ware : the corn-market is fmall. Four 

 annual fairs are now held. The town-hall, a handfome 

 brick ftruftnre, was built in 1773, by the diredtion of 

 Thomas, lord Hyde, the chancellor of the duchy. In this 

 hall are held coiirts-baron for the manor, courts-lect for the 

 wapentake, and barmote-courts for regulating the minea 

 and mineral concerns. The church, a fpacions edifice, ap- 

 parently of the fourteenth century, confifts of a nave and 

 fide-aifles, a north and fouth tranfept, a chancel, and a 

 fquare tower, fupported by four large pillars. In the 

 church-yard is a gramniar-fchool, founded ip 1576, by 



Anthony 



