W I T 



many, in the margravate of Anfpach ; 7 miles S.E. of 

 Creilfheim. 



WITGENAU, or Witchenau, a town of Liifatia, 

 on the Elder ; 13 miles N.N.W. of Budiflen. N. lat. 51° 

 20'. E. long. 14" 16'. 



WiTGENAU, or W'uteiigau, or Trjelon, a town of Bo- 

 hemia, in the circle of Bechin, on the river Laufnicz ; 

 22 miles S.S.E. of Bechin. N. lat. 49° 4.'. E. long. 

 14° 40'- 



WITGENSTEIN, a county of Germany, fituated 

 between the principalities of HefTe Darmftadt, NafTau Dil- 

 lenburg, and the duchy of Weftphalia ; about 18 miles long, 

 and 12 broad. Some parts are mountainous and woody, 

 and contain mines of filver, copper, and iron ; the paftures 

 are good, but the arable land inconfiderable. The principal 

 rivers are the Lahn and the Eder. It is united to the county 

 of Sayn, and that princely houfe is divided into two 

 branches, Sayn Witgenflein of Witgenftein, and Sayn Wit- 

 genftein of Berleburg, each of which had a diftinil vote in 

 the Imperial college, and in the diet of the Upper Rhine. 

 The county takes its name from a feat, the refidence of the 

 counts, which is fituated on a mountain ; i mile N. of 

 Laafphe. 



WITGEWALT, a town of Pruffia, in Oberland ; 8 

 miles N.E. of Ollerrode. 



WITH-ViNE, or Wine, in Agriculture, a term pro- 

 »incially fignifying couch, or couch-grafs. See Bind- 

 Wccd. 



WITH AM, in Geography, a market -town and parifh in the 

 hundred of the fame name, in the county of Effex, England, 

 fituated on a branch of the river Blackwater, 8|- miles N.E. 

 from Chelmsford, and 375^ in the fame direftion from Lon- 

 don. By the parliamentary returns of 181 1, the number 

 of houfes in the parifh was 466, and the inhabitants amounted 

 to 2352. Witham has a weekly market on Tuefday, and 

 fairs on Friday and Saturday of Whit- week, on the 14th 

 of September, and 8th of November. The petty feflions 

 for the Witham divifion of the county are alfo held in the 

 town. Witham is fuppofed to have been conftituted a town 

 by Edward the Elder, though perhaps it was only reltored 

 by him, at lead the part on Cheping Hill round the 

 church, which (lands about half a mile N.W. from the 

 other part of the town. On this eminence are confiderable 

 remains of a circular camp, inclofed by a double ditch and 

 rampart. From this work, and the quantity of Roman 

 bricks worked up in the body and tower of the church, 

 Witham has been thought to occupy the pofition of the 

 Canonium of Antoninus. The manor was anciently pof- 

 feffed by earl Harold, and afterwards by Euftace, earl of 

 Boulogne, who married the filler of Edward the Confeflbr. 

 Near the eaft end of the town is a manfion, now poffefled 

 by Thomas Kynafton, efq., but formerly belonging to the 

 late earl of Abercorn. Fanlkbourne-hall, between one 

 and two miles N.W. from Witham church, is the feat of 

 colonel Bullock, formerly member of parliament for the 

 county of Effex. Here is a cedar-tree, about nineteen feet 

 in circumference near the ground. A coin of Domitian 

 and veftiges of w:ills indicate the Romans to have had a villa 

 at this place. — Beauties of England and Wales, Effex. 

 By J. Britton and E.W. Brayley, 8vo. 1808. 



Witham, a river of England, in the county of Lincoln, 

 which rifes in the fouth part of Lincolnfhire, on the borders 

 of Leicefterfhire, paffes by Grantham to Lincoln, where it 

 becomes navigable ; from thence it palTes by Tatterfall, 

 Bofton, &c. and runs into the German fea, 5 miles below 

 BoftoD, in what are called the IVafbes. 



WIT 



WITHE, in Agriculture, a fmatt twifted (lick of any 

 kind ufed as a band. 



WITHE R-Band, in Rural Economy, the band or piece 

 of iron which is laid underneath a faddle, about four fingers 

 above the withers of the horfe, to keep tight the two pieces 

 of wood that form the bow of the faddle. 



WiTH-EK-Wrung, in the Manege. A horfe is faid to 

 be wither-wrung, when he has got a hurt in the withers ; 

 which fort of hurts it is very hard to cure. See 

 Withers. 



WITHERING, William, M.D. F.R.S., in Biogra- 

 phy, was born in 1 741, and finifhed his medical education 

 in the univerfity of Edinburgh, where he took his degree of 

 doftor in 1766. From Stafford, where he firft fettled and 

 married, he removed to Birmingham, and fpeedily attained by 

 hisflvilland affiduityto very extenfive and profitable praAice; 

 without feeking much fociety or neglefting his fcientific 

 purfuits in order to fecure it. The chief obje£ls of his at- 

 tention, independently of his profeffional engagements, were 

 botany and chemiftry. The refult of his fcientific inquiries 

 and labours appears in the following lid of his valuable pub- 

 lications ; wz. " A Botanical Arrangement of Britith 

 Plants," in 2 vols. 8vo. 1776, which paffed through two 

 more editions, in 1787, 3 vols., and in 1796, 4 vols., 

 with numerous improvements and additions, fome of which 

 were fuggefted by his friends, and particularly by Dr. 

 Stokes. In chemiftry and mineralogy, a tranflation of 

 Bergman's " Sciagraphia Regni Mineralis," 1783, and the 

 following papers in the PhilofophicalTranfaftions ; " Expe- 

 riments on different Kinds of Marie found in Staffordfhire," 

 1773; 2n "Analyfis of the Toad-ftone of Derbyfhire," 

 1782; "Experiments on the Terra Ponderofa," 1784; 

 and " Analyfis of a Hot Mineral Spring in Portugal," 1 798. 

 In the improvement of his own profeflion, " Account of the 

 Scarlet Fever and Sore Throat, particularly as it appeared at 

 Birmingham in the year 1778 ;" and " An Account of the 

 Fox-glove and fome of its Medical Ufes ; with Praftical 

 Remarks on the Dropfy and other Difeafes," 1785. Sub- 

 jeft to pulmonic attacks, which weakened his lungs, he 

 thought it neceffary, in 1793 and 1794, to pafs the winter in 

 a warmer climate, and he fixed on Lifbon. Afterwards he 

 became incapable of his former profeffional exertions, and died 

 at the Larches, near Birmingham, in November 1799, at the 

 age of 58. In his intelleclual charafter he joined unremit- 

 ting application with fagacity and difcernment. In his medi- 

 cal praftice he limited prefcription to that quantity and 

 kind of medicine which was abfolutely neceffary for his 

 patients ; and if any in the inferior branches of the profef- 

 fion difliked this modeof praftice, their difapprobation of it 

 was a teftimony in its favour. In his difpofition he was mild 

 and humane ; and his natural rcferve did not preclude him 

 from the pleafure of rational fociety. His valuable library 

 and handfome property were inherited by an only fon. 

 Gen. Biog. 



Withering, in Medicine. See Aridura. 



Withering of a Cow, is when, after calving, Hie does 

 not caff her cleanfing, which, if not timely remedied, will 

 kill her. 



WITHERINGIA, in Botany, was fo named by the 

 great French botaniil, M. L'Heritier, (fee that article, ) 

 in compHment to tlie late Dr. William Withering, F.R.S. 

 F.L.S., the well-known auihor of a moft ufeful and popular 

 Enghffi work, entitled an " Arrangement of Britifh Plants," 

 which has gone through feveral editions, in fome of the ear- 

 lier of which Dr. Stokes was his coadjutor. (See Stokesia.) 

 — L'Herit. Sert. Angl, 33. Sclu-eb. Gen. 791. Willd. 



Sp. 



