WOOLLEN MANUFACTURE, 



with fmall wheels or caftors, forming a fort of carriage, to 

 run horizontally upon the fide-beams of the main-frame in 

 grooves, which guide them, fo that the rail i6 can be moved 

 backwards and forwards through a fpace of about fix or 

 feven feet, in a horizontal pofition, without varying from its 

 parallelifm with the row of fpindles. The underfide of the 

 rail 1 6 is formed into a number of narrow notches for the 

 flubbings to pafs through ; and thefe notches are partly filled 

 up by projefting pieces, rifing up from a fecond crofs-rail 

 5, 5, fo as to form the clafp which confines or pinches the 

 flubbings in the notches when the lower rail is raifed up ; 

 but the flubbings can draw freely through the notches when 

 the lower rail is let down. This lower rail is guided and 

 limited -to move up and down only a fmall fpace by ftaples, 

 which projeft downwards from the rail 16, and receive the 

 ends of the lower rail 5 of the clafp. The rifing and fall- 

 ing of the lower rail is effefled by fmall cords faftened to it 

 at about every yard of its length ; thefe cords are condufted 

 over fmall pulleys (concealed in the fubftance of the upper 

 rail 16), and are all attached to a handle, fituated over the 

 middle of the upper rail at 16, and beneath an arched bar, 

 which is fixed on the top of the clafp. The fpinner holds 

 this handle in the left-hand, whilft the right is employed in 

 turning the wheel ; and by the fingers of the left-hand fhe 

 can raife up the lower rail 5 of the clafp, and draw it clofe 

 to the upper one. It will then be retained in that pofi- 

 tion by a fmall fpring-catch, and wiU clafp the flnbbings 

 fall in the notches, through which they pafs ; but when the 

 fpring-catch is puflied back, fo as to relieve the handle, the 

 lower rail will fall down by its own weight, and releafe the 

 flubbings, to allow them to Aide through the notches. 



The cops of flubbings which are to be fpun are fup- 

 ported in an inclined frame 4, 4, faftened within the main 

 frame of the machine. The cops are mounted upon iron 

 wires ; they are placed in two rows, one above the other, 

 as ftiewn in the drawing ; but each row (hould only contain 

 half as many cops as there are fpindles. 



Each flubbing is condufted through a notcli in the clafp, 

 and thence it proceeds nearly in an horizontal pofition to 

 the fpindles 3, 3. 



When the yarns have been drawn out and twifted they are 

 wound up on the fpindles in balls, in a fimilar manner to the 

 billy. The wire which is ufed for bearing down the thread 

 from the points of the fpindles is marked 12; it is attached 

 to a horizontal rail, which is fupportedon pivots at its ends, 

 clofe to the row of fpindles. There is a fmall pulley 1 1 , 

 fixed at one end of the rail, and a fliort lever at the other, 

 which lever is hidden in the drawing by a part of the framing. 

 Between the pulley 11 and the lever, the wire 12 is ex- 

 tended, and by turning the rail round upon its pivots, the 

 wire will have a motion up or down. 



The fpinner can communicate motion to the pulley 1 1 by 

 means of a cord 7, 7, which paifes round it, and extends the 

 whole length of the frame, the end being made faft to a 

 pin at A ; this cord lies over the furface of one of the blocks 

 c, which contains the wheels of the carriage, and pafles be- 

 tween three fmall pulleys 9, 6, and 8. The centre pins of the 

 ptilleys 9 and 8 are fixed to the block ; but the centre pin 

 of tlie pulley 6 is fixed to a fmall Aider, and can be drawn 

 in the direftion of the rail 16, by applying the finger to 

 a fmall trigger near the handle 16. This aftion removes the 

 pulley 6 out of the Une of the other two pulleys, fo as to 

 fliorten the cord 7, and turn round the pulley 1 1 ; this 

 brings down the wire 12, and bears down the threads upon 

 the fpindles. A fmall counterweight is fufpended from 

 the wheel 11, to return the wire to its former pofition when 

 the prcffure of the finger on the trigger is removed. By 



I 



this movement, the fpinner has fuU command of the wire 

 12, to raife or lower it in any degree flie thinks proper ; and 

 this is done independently of the motion of the carriage, 

 becaufe the pulleys 9, 6, and 8, run freely along the cord 7, 

 and their motion has no tendency to move the wheel 1 1 

 either way. 



The jenny is worked by one perfon, who ftands within 

 the frame, and turns the wheel B with the right-hand, whilft 

 he holds the clafp in the left, fo as to run it backwards 

 and forwards along the frame at pleafure. The flubbings are 

 drawn between the moveable rails 16 and 5, in the notches 

 of the clafp, and each flubbing is faftened on to its corre- 

 fponding fpindle. The clafp being left open is drawn 

 backwards from the fpindles, and the flubbings run freely 

 through the notches of the clafp ; the flubbings are drawn 

 off the balls at 4, when the clafp retires from the fpindles, 

 until a certain length of each flubbing is drawn out and ex- 

 tended nearly in an horizontal pofition between the fpindles 

 and the clafp : this length is regulated by a mark made on 

 the frame of the machine, to indicate when the clafp has 

 arrived at its proper pofition. The bars of the clafp are 

 then brought together by raifing up the handle under the 

 catch, as before defcribed, and it faftens all the flubbings in 

 the notches. This being done, the fpindles are put in rapid 

 motion by turning round the large wheel B B ; they twift 

 thofe parts of the flubbings which are extended, and the mo- 

 tion being in a contrary direftion to the twiil of the flubbing, 

 the firft tendency is to untwift the flubbing, at the fame 

 time that the carriage and clafp are gently drawn back, 

 or from the fpindles. By this means, the flubbings are 

 ftretched or drawn out in length at the fame time that they 

 get a new twift in the oppofite direftion ; this keeps them 

 from breaking, and when they are drawn to their intended 

 extent by the carriage being moved back to the ftops at the 

 extremity of the main frame, the great wheel is turned 

 round as many turns as is neceffary to give them all the twift 

 which thofe portions of thread are intended to have. 



The threads extended between the clafp and the fpindles 

 are now finiflied, and it only remains to wind them up upon 

 the fpindles, previoufly to drawing out a freih portion of each 

 flubbing, in order to fpin it in the fame manner. To wind 

 up the threads, they are pufiied down upon their refpec- 

 tive fpindles, by prefling the trigger which moves the wire 

 1 2 ; and the motion of the great wheel B is continued, in 

 order to wind up the flubbings in balls upon the fpindles, at 

 the fame time that the carriage and clafp are puflied back to- 

 wards the fpindles. When the carriage is got home, the 

 thread is finiftied and wound up, and a frefh portion of 

 flubbing is extended. To do this, the lower rail of the clafp 

 is dropped down, and it releafes the flubbings ; the carriage 

 is then drawn back to the mark upon the frame, as before 

 defcribed, which fliews that a proper length of each flubbing 

 is drawn off from the balls, and extended between the fpin- 

 dles and the clafp. The clafp is then clofed, and the wheel B 

 put in motion to twift the threads whilft the carriage is 

 drawn out ; thus the fpinning operation is repeated as 

 before, and prepares another length of each of the threads. 

 When finifhed, they are pufhed down from the points 

 of the fpindles, in order to make them wind up thereon in 

 the balls, as before. 



There is fome difcretion required in fpinning with the 

 jenny, to draw out the carriage with a movement corre- 

 fpondent to the rapidity with which the fpindles give the 

 twift, or rather untwift, to the flubbing ; for the principal ex- 

 tenfion of the thread is effefted whilft the flubbing is un- 

 twifting, and whilft the firft portion of twift is given to the 

 threads. Thefe motions muft be properly proportioned by 



the 



