won 



manfion, of which there are fcarcely any remains, was caf- 

 tellated, purfuant to a licence granted by Richard II. to 

 fir Gilbert de Culwen in 1379. Mr. Gough obferves, that 

 the walls were fo remarkably thick, that in making feme 

 recent improvements, a paffage was excavated through one 

 of them lengthways, leaving fuffioient thicknefs on each 

 fide to anfwer every purpofe of ftrength. In this manfion, 

 Mary, queen of Scots, when flie landed in England in 

 1568, was hofpitably entertained by fir Henry Curwen, 

 till he was required by queen Ehzabeth to refign his royal 

 gueft, who was removed to Cockermouth caftle, and after- 

 wards to that of Carlifle Beauties of England and Wales, 



vol. ii. Cumberland, by J. Britton and E. W. Brayley, 

 1802. Lyfons's Magna Britannia, vol. iv. 410. Cumberland, 

 1816. 



WORKS, Opera, in Fortification, the feveral lines, 

 trenches, ditches, &c. made round a place, an army, or the 

 like, to fortify and defend it. See Line, Parallel, and 

 Trench. 



The principal works in a fortrefs, or fortified place, fee 

 under Fortified Place, Fortipication, &c. 



Works, Covenant of, in Theology. See Covenant. 

 WORKSBORN, in Geography, a river of Northumber- 

 land, which runs into the North Tine. 



WORKSOP, a market-town in the hundred of BafTet- 

 law, and county of Nottingham, England, is fituated 22 

 miles N. from Nottingham, the fame diltance N.W. from 

 Newark, and 146 N. by W. from London. The town is 

 fmall, but neat and pleafantly feated in a valley, near the 

 fource of the river Ryton. According to the population 

 returns of 18 ii, the houfes were then 759, and the inha- 

 bitants 3702. A market, noted for malt, is held on Wed- 

 nefday, and fairs on the 20th of March, 20th of May, 2 xft of 

 June, and 3d of Odlober. Workfop, anciently Wirkenfop, 

 was, before the Norman Conqueft, the property of a Saxon 

 nobleman. Long afterwards it belonged fucceflively to 

 the families of Funiival, Nevill, and Talbot, earls of 

 Shrewfbury. The Talbot eilates defcending to co-heireffes, 

 a part was conveyed to the Howards, earls of Arundel, 

 afterwards dukes of Norfolk, by whom the lands of Work- 

 fop are ftill pofleffed, and who, on this account, enjoy the 

 privileges of furnifliing a glove for the king's right-hand at 

 his coronation, and of fupporting that hand while he holds 

 the fceptre. Workfop was in former times defended by a 

 cattle, long ago deftroyed : but its fcite is ftill pointed out 

 on a circular hill, encompaifed with a trench, at the W. fide 

 of the town. 



Workfop was formerly noted for its monaftery, founded 

 by William de Lovetot, in the reign of Henry I., for canons 

 regular of the order of St. Augufiine. The inltitution was 

 fubfequently enriched by the gifts of various proprietors of 

 the town ; but at the general difTolution its polTeflions 

 were feized by Henry VIII. Few veftiges of the monaf- 

 tery now remain ; but the church ftill partly fubfifts, and 

 is a noble fpecimen of ancient architefture. What now re- 

 mains is but the W. end of the original church, with two 

 lofty towers. The W. entrance confifts of an arch with 

 zigzag ornaments, whilft the towers have the windows in 

 a gradation of different ftyles of archite£lure. The interior 

 of the church, in length about 135 feet, confifts of a nave 

 and two aides ; the roof is fupported by eight pillars, alter- 

 nately odlangular and cyhndrical : the ancient pulpit is ftill 

 preferved. On the N. fide of the church are fragments of 

 walls ; and foundations are difcovered in the adjoining 

 meadov/s : but the moft curious veftige of the ancient 

 buildings is a ruinous chapel, at the S.E. corner of the 

 church, now ufed as a place of burial, of which the windows. 



W O R 



ftill well preferved, furnifti examples of the lancet form. 



Ihe gate of the monaftery is nearly entire, and retains a 

 ftw of the ftatues with which it was formerly furniftied. 



Ihe church and church-yard contain fome monuments for 

 eminent perfons of former times : one is the tomb of John, 

 brother of Ralph Nevill, the firft earl of Weftmoreland 

 and treafurer of England. The trade of Workfop, and' 

 its appendage Radford, has been much promoted by the 

 Chefterfield canal, which paffes clofe by the N. end of the 

 town. The fale of liquorice, formerly confiderable, has 

 been for fome years at an end, none being now railed in the 

 neighbourhood. On the S.W. of the town ftands the 

 noble manfion of the duke of Norfolk, ftyled Workfip- 

 manor, in the midft of a park, eight miles in circuit, con- 

 taining a great variety of ground, and much ancient timber 

 of a fine growth, having once been a part of the great 

 foreft of Sherwood. The original manfion was erefted by 

 the renowned Talbot, the firft earl of Shrewfbury, on a 

 fcale of extent and magnificence fuited to his charadler and 

 fortune: but in 1761 the whole was unfortunately burnt 

 down ; by which accident, the lofs fuftained was very 

 great, not only in the furniture, but in the library, the 

 paintings, and the antique ftatues, part of tlie celebrated 

 Arundelian coUeftion. Soon after this misfortune, the 

 duke of Norfolk commenced a new manfion, on a plan 

 of great magnificence, comprifing a quadrangle inclofing 

 two courts ; but the execution of the fcheme was inter- 

 rupted by the unexpeded death of the heir of the family. 

 One fide, however, \vhich is the front, has been finiftied, 

 and is 318 feet in length, of great elegance and grandeur. 

 In the centre is a portico of fix Corinthian columns, on a 

 ruftic bafement. In the tympanum of the pediment is an 

 emblematic reprefentation of the high alliances of the houfe 

 of Norfolk ; and on the points are placed three ftatues. 

 The body of the building is crowned with an open baluf- 

 trade. The interior contains many valuable paintings and 

 portraits of anceftors and conneftions of the family. The 

 chapel is adapted to the Roman Catholic fervice, to which 

 the dukes of Norfolk have always, with the exception of 

 the late duke, been fteadily attached : it ferves as a place of 

 worftiip for a number of perfons of the fame pcrfuafion 

 refiding in the neighbourhood. 



At no great diftance to the S. of Workfop-manor is 

 Welbeck abbey, the feat of the duke of Portland. This 

 place belonged to Sweyn the Dane before the Conqueft. 

 A monaftery is fuppofed to have been founded in the reign 

 of Stephen, by Thomas de Cukeney, for Prcmonftratenfian 

 canons, who were removed from Newhoufe in Leicefterfhire. 

 In the reign of Edward III., the manor of Cukeney was 

 purchafed by the bifhop of Ely, and beftowed on the 

 monaftery. At the difTolution it was purchafed by a perfon 

 named Whalley, from whom it came to fir Charles Caven- 

 difti, youngeft fon of fir William, who married the cele- 

 brated countefs of Shrewfbury. The fon of fir Charles, 

 afterwards duke of Newcaftle, was the author of a well- 

 known treatife on horfemanfhip. His grand-daughter, 

 marrying John Holhs, duke of Newcaftle, left an only 

 daughter and child, who by marriage conveyed the 

 eftates to the earl of Oxford ; and their only child and 

 daughter by marriage transferred Welbeck to the an- 

 ceftor of the prefent proprietor. The manfion is a large 

 irregular ftrudlure, erefted ^t different periods, contaifl. 

 ing, particularly within, portions of the arlcient nionaftic 

 buildings. The greater part of what is now feen was con- 

 ftruded about 1604. The interior contains many fpacious 

 and elegant apartments, which are decorated with a num- 

 ber of portraits of perfons important in Enghfh hiftory. 



The 



