W O R 



branches are round, ftrongly fcarred ; when young, finety 

 downy. Leaves crowded about the extremity of each 

 branch, apparently deciduous, being found on young (hoots 

 only, (haped like the laft, and nearly as large, but fome- 

 what ferrated, and, in a young ftate at leaft, finely downy ; 

 their tranfverfe ribs much more copious, ftraight, and 

 parallel, than in that. Footftalks half an inch long, llout, 

 broad, and deprelTed, blunt-edged, not bordered, denfely 

 clothed with tine, white, filky, permanent down. Stalks 

 fimple, fingle-flowered, filky, about the length of the 

 footftalks, each oppofite to a leaf. Calyx-leaves obovate, 

 concave, an inch long ; fmooth within ; filky at the 

 back. The petals we have not feen. Filaments fhort. 

 Anthers long, comprefled, two-edged, each opening by two 

 terminal orifices. Germens crowded together. Styles five, 

 recurved at the extremity. Stigmas fmall, abrupt. 



We have at the end of the article Dillenia, hazarded 

 an opinion, that the D. elliptica, integra, and retufa of Thun- 

 berg, as well as his dentata, above-defcribed, belong to this 

 genus of IVormia, to which profeflor De Candolle feems, 

 by a remark under D. integra, in his Syft. v. i. 437, dif- 

 pofed to agree. Probably he thought it belt, having ex- 

 amined no fpecimens, to leave thefe plants where he found 

 them, but we cannot omit the following, on the authority 

 of Thunberg's figure. 



6. W. retufa. Abrupt Wormia. (Dillenia retufa; 

 Thunb. Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. i. 200. t. 19. De Cand. 

 Syft. V. I. 437. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. 1253.)— Leaves 

 obovate, abrupt, diftantly toothed, fmooth. Footftalks 

 hairy at the bafe. Stalks fingle-flowered, fmooth. — Native 

 of woods in Ceylon. Thunberg. A tree, apparently nearly 

 related to W. dentata, but the flowers are folitary, and 

 rather fmaller, each on a fimple ftalk, oppofite to the upper- 

 moft leaf. Styles five, evidently thofe of a Wormia, not a 

 Dillenia. 



WORMING, in Ship-Building, windhng a rope clofe 

 along the cunthnes of larger- ropes to ftrengthen them, and 

 make a fair furface for the fervice. See Plate I. Jig. 46. 



Worming, in Animals, an operation which is fometimes 

 performed on the young of the dog and feme other kinds. 

 Young puppies are thus cut, in fome cafes, under an igno- 

 rant fuppofition that it prevents their going mad ; but in 

 reality to cure them, as it generally does, of the difpofition 

 to gnaw every thing in their way. It confifts in the re- 

 moval of a fmall worm-like ligament, fituated beneath the 

 tongue ; and the part being afterwards fore for fome days, 

 the animal is thus weaned of his mifchievous habits. See 

 Difeafes of DoGS. 



WORMIUS, Olaus, in Biography, a Danifti phyfician, 

 defcended from a family which fled from Arnheim, in 

 Guelderland, to Denmark, from the perfecution of the 

 duke of Alva, was born at Aarhuus, in Jutland, in 1588, 

 and finiftied his education at the univerfity of Marpurg ; 

 afterwards availing himfelf of the leftures which he at- 

 tended in the principal German academies, and in his tour 

 through France, Italy, Switzerland, and Holland. He 

 then returned to Denmark in 1610, and having in the fol- 

 lowing year taken the degree of dottor in medicine at 

 Bafle, he pafled through the Netherlands to England, and 

 in 161 3 returned to his native country, where by fucceffive 

 preferments he became profeflor of medicine in 1624, in 

 confequence of the refignation of Cafpar Bartholin. Al- 

 though he obtained in 1636 a canonicate in the chapter of 

 Lund, he continued his profeflional praftice, and was often 

 confulted by Chriftian IV. and Chriftian V. His know- 

 ledge of antiquities, medicine, and anatomy, was profound ; 



W O R 



and in 1628 he difcovered banes in the human fkull, callad 

 after his name " fex oflicula Wormiana in futura cranii 

 lamdoidea." His coUeftion of curiofities was, after his 

 death, lodged in the royal miifeum. He was thrice mar- 

 ried, and had 18 children. He died in 1654. His writings 

 were very numerous ; and the principal of them are enume- 

 rated in the General Biography, to which we refer. 



WORMS, in the Linnaan Syjlem of Nature. Se: 

 Vermes. 



Worms, in Hujlandry, are very prejudicial to corn-fields, 

 eating up the roots of the young corn, and deftroying great 

 quantities of the crop. 



Sea-falt is the beft of all things for deftroying them. 

 Sea-water is proper to fprinkle on the land where it can be 

 had ; where the falt-fprings are, their water does as well ; 

 and where neither are at hand, a little common or bay fait 

 melted in water does as well. 



Soot will deftroy them in fome lands, but it is not to be 

 depended upon, for it does not always fucceed. Some 

 farmers ftrew on their land a mixture of chalk and lime ; 

 and others truft wholly to their winter-fallowing to do it ; 

 if this is done in a wet feafon, when they come up to tUe 

 furface of the ground, and fome nails with (harp heads be 

 driven into the bottom of the plough. 



If they are troublefome in gardens, the refufe brine of 

 faked meat will ferve the purpofe, or fome walnut leaves, 

 fteeped in a oiftern of water for a fortnight or three weeks, 

 will give it fuch a bitternefs that it will be certain poifon to 

 them. 



A decoftion of wood-aflies, fprinkled on the ground, 

 will anfwer the fame purpofe ; and any particular plant 

 may be fecnred both from worms and fnails by ftrewing a 

 mixture of lime and aflies about its roots. It is a general 

 caution among the farmers to fow their corn as fliallow as 

 they can, where the field is very fubjeft to worms. Mor* 

 timer's Hufhandry, p. 328. 



In the roots of fome forts of garden crops, fuch as the 

 carrot, onion, fhallot, cauhflower, broccoli, and fome others, 

 worms and maggots are not unfrequently very injurious and 

 hurtful, unlefs they be deftroyed in fufficient time to prevent 

 fuch eff'efts. In the firft, much advantage is fuppofed to 

 have been gained by the full ufe of pigeon dung in pre- 

 venting the worm. 



And in this and the other forts of garden crops it is 

 found, that much benefit in removing fuch evils may be 

 produced by a proper fucceflion of cropping, as that of 

 following ftrawberries which have been four or five years 

 planted with onions, and artichokes that have flood the 

 fame length of time with carrots ; as thefe forts of vermin 

 do not attack either the ftrawberry or the artichoke. In 

 fome cafes, it is fuppofed that it may be fafe to crop two 

 or three times with onions or carrots on the fame fpot, but 

 not oftener, as fome appearances of the worm and maggot 

 are generally difplayed in the fecond or third year ; but 

 that from the ground being four or five years under ftraw- 

 berries or artichokes, plants on which thofe vermin cannot 

 fubfift, they foon periih, and the land where the rows ftood 

 has all the advantage of a new foil. 



Soot when applii?d as a manure is faid to be a good pre- 

 ventive of the maggot in onion crops ; and that fliallots, as 

 requiring only a fmall fpot, may be much improved in 

 growth, and entirely preferved from the maggot, by the 

 application of old hot-bed dung as manure, in the bottoms 

 of the drills, well-mixed with foot ; planting the fliallots on 

 this mixed manure, and covering them in to a proper depth. 

 The foot in this cafe prevents the appearance of the 

 maggot, and at the fame time greatly improves the ftrength 



of 



