WRY 



WRY 



Harry Vane, who on the reftoration of Charles II. fufFered 

 death for the part he took againft Charles I. This eftate, 

 on the death of lord vifcount Vane in 1789, became the 

 property of David Papillion, efq. : it is now occupied by 

 the earl of Delawar — Beauties of England and Wales, 

 vol. viii. Kent, by E. W. Brayley, 1807. 



WROTZKO, a town of Pruflia, in the palatinate of 

 Culm i 1 2 miles S.W. of Strafourg. 



WROUGHT, in Ship-Building, a term applied to any 

 piece of timber, &c. when it is trimmed and fitted for its 

 fituation. 



WROXETER, in Geography, a village of England, in 

 tlie county of Salop, at the union of the Torn and the Se- 

 vern, by Antoninus called " Uricoiiium," by Ptolemy 

 " Viriconium," by the Welfh and Britons " Caer Vruach," 

 and by the Saxons " Wrekenceafter." It was the chief 

 city of the Cornavii, and founded by the Romans, when 

 they fortified the bank of the Severn where fordable. It 

 was enconipaffed by a rampart and ditch ; the walls were 

 three yards thick, and were three miles in circumference. 

 After fuffering much in the Saxon wars, it was quite ruined 

 by the Danifh, and is now but a fmall place. Many Roman 

 coins and other antiquities have been found here ; j miles 

 S.E. of Shrewsbury, and 155 N.W. of London. 



WRUNG-Heads, a former name given to the bilge of 

 a (hip, &c. or that part near the floor-heads, which, when 

 afliip lies aground, bears the greateft ftrain. 



WRY-NECK, (Caput o^ipum, cervix ohjlipa, torti- 

 collis, ) denotes that deformity of the human body, in which 

 the neck is bent laterally, generally inclining at the fame 

 time fomewhat forwards, fo that the head is alfo drawn to 

 one fide and forwards, being indeed frequently quite ap- 

 proximated to the Ihoulder. For the moil part, the neck 

 is in this cafe altogether irregularly formed : on the fide 

 towards which the head inclines, it feems exceedingly 

 plump, the ftrong fhortened mufcles being bulky, and af- 

 fected with confiderable fpafm ; while, on the other hand, 

 the oppofite fide, where the neck is convex, exhibits no 

 fuch ftrong rigid mufcles, or at all events fo little of this 

 appearance, that, notwithftanding its convex form, it feems 

 obvioufly lefs fleftiy. When the difeafe has continued a 

 long while, and attained a ferious degree, its effefts extend 

 alfo to the head itfelf. On that fide where the irregular 

 aftion of the mufcles is ftrongeft, and where confequently 

 the head is moft drawn downwards, the half of the face is 

 ufually more or lefs contrafted, and weaker than the op- 

 pofite half, the zygomaticus major, the buccinator, the 

 maffeter, and other mufcles, being confiderably lefs pro- 

 minent. This disfigurement of the countenance has a very 

 unpleafant appearance, and plainly indicates the diftorted 

 pofition into which the head is drawn. The patients are 

 alfo incapable of turning their heads properly, or of direft- 

 ing their faces upwards ; and if thefe funftions can be exe- 

 cuted in a very imperfeft way, it is not without a good deal 

 of effort, which in general the patients prefer avoiding. 

 Hence they moftly choofe to remain in their diftorted pof- 

 ture, and inftead of trying to turn their heads with the 

 mufcles of the neck alone, they prefer accomplifhing this 

 objeft rather by turning the whole body. Hence an op- 

 portunity is given for the evil to increafe in a very rapid 

 and afflifting degree. According to the obfervations of 

 Richter and Bemftein, the face is commonly turned to- 

 wards the oppofite fide, and only now and then towards 

 that to which the head inclines. (Anfangfgr. der Wun- 

 darzneykunft 4ter. Band, 2te. Auflage, I. 256. Prafti- 

 fchen Handbuche fur Wundarzte, &c. Neue Auflage, 

 3ter. Theil, f. 215.) Profeffor Jbrg of Leipfic does not 



exaftly coincide with thefe furgeons on this particular 

 point ; but we think that the difference is merely in terms, 

 and not in the thing itfelf, Richter meaning that the face 

 is turned towards the found fide, not that it is drawn 

 away, and made more diftant from the fhoulder to which 

 the whole neck and head incline. Profeffor Jorg takes a 

 review of the aftion and infertions of the fterno-cleido- 

 maftoideus mufcle, which proceeds down the neck from 

 the maftoid procefs, and fplits into two portions ; one of 

 which is inferted into the external and anterior part of 

 the clavicle, the other into the upper and outer furface of 

 the fternum. The clavicular portion of this mufcle muft 

 neceffarily tend to draw the head towards the clavicle, which 

 is the fixed point, while the fternal portion will pull it to- 

 wards the breaft ; but both afting together, will draw it in 

 a diagonal line. At the fame time that they have the effeft 

 of inclining the head forwards and to one fide, they impart 

 to the neck the fame direftion, and even flightly turn it, fo 

 that the nofe is no longer fituated in a ftraight line diredly 

 over the fternum, but is placed to one fide of fuch a line. 

 When, for example, fays profeffor Jorg, the right fterno- 

 cleido-maftoideus is too fliort, and is therefore the caufe of 

 the wry-neck, it will pull the head towards the right fide, 

 and alfo forwards, in fuch a manner that the nofe is moved 

 to the left of a line drawn upwards from the fternum, and 

 the neck itfelf is at the fame time flightly turned. But 

 when this is the cafe, the whole face muft obvioufly be 

 fomewhat turned towards the left fide, and drawn a little 

 way downwards and forwards. When, however, the whole 

 head is drawn forwards, laterally, ( in this cafe to the right, ) 

 and at the fame time downwards, confequently the face for- 

 wards, laterally, (in this cafe to the left,) and downwards, 

 it cannot be faid that the face is moved in a different direc- 

 tion from that of the reft of the head. Although the face 

 is turned in a different direftion, ftill it is not inclined to- 

 wards the oppofite fide ; for, fays profeffor Jorg, if this 

 were fo, the neck muft be much more turned than aftually 

 happens. Hence, he thinks, that a cafe has really never 

 exifted, where the face and head have been inclined in dif- 

 ferent direftions. 



With refpeft to the caufes of this infirmity, they are, 

 according to feveral writers, very numerous, and it is not 

 to be denied that they may be of different kinds. Yet, 

 fays Jorg, " I have never feen the complaint originate in the 

 bones : the mufcles were always the parts firft concerned. 

 According to my obfervations, the fterno-cleido-maftoideu9 

 muft be looked upon as being the chief original caufe of 

 this deformity, which I have never feen unattended with 

 the particular and manifeft influence of that mufcle. When 

 alfo feveral other mufcles gradually participate in the dif- 

 order, the fterno-cleido-maftoideus is ufually the firft af- 

 fefted. While it is more difpofed to an irregular aftion 

 than any other mufcle of the neck, its greater ftrengtb 

 makes it in fome meafure govern the reft." As children, 

 both in the ereft and horizontal poftures, frequently keep 

 their necks unevenly, and more to one fide than the other, 

 profeffor Jijrg conceives that this will account for one 

 fterno-cleido-maftoideus readily becoming ftiorter than iti 

 fellow ; the equilibrium ceafes, and a wry -neck is immedi- 

 ately produced. Young children often contraft a habit ^ 

 lying in bed conftantly upon the fame fide, whereby the 

 mufcles of the neck become gradually habituated to an irre- 

 gular kind of tenfion, which by degrees breaks the antago- 

 nizing power between the oppofite fets of mufcles. The 

 fame thing happens, when children are conftantly carried 

 with their head upon one and the fame fide of their nurfe. 

 But this irregularity in the mufcles in queftion is alfo fre- 

 ij G 2 quently 



