WRY 



a defign of habituating the mufcles of the head and neck 

 to different poftures. 



Together with this treatment, profeflbr Jorg enjonis at- 

 tention to every thing which tends to improve the health, 

 efpecially a proper nourifhing diet, pure air, &c. One 

 thino- he infiRs upon as eflential, viz. that during work or 

 repol'e, fleeping or awake, the patient ccnftantly keep the 

 head and neck in the right pofition. Hence children rauft 

 be moft vigilantly obferved, as they foon forgtt what is 

 told them ; and the pofture in which they lie when adeep 

 muft be attended to, as it is frequently a bad one. Jorg 

 recommends laying their heads on firm round bolfters filled 

 with horfe-hair, and placing them on the fide on which 

 the mufcles are contrafted. The bed (hould be flat, and 

 not fink, in order that the flioulder may not be deprefled. 

 In this pofition, the head will be preifed and incUned towards 

 the oppofite fide. The patients muft alfo be forbidden to 

 do any kind of labour which will oblige them to hold their 

 heads in a hurtful pofition ; but Jorg rather commends 

 dancing and the military exercife, as accuftoniing the 

 patient to hold his head as he ought to do. 



When the bones are concerned, the above apparatus and 

 treatment will not be effeftual ; and particular machinery 

 adapted to the cafe muft be employed. 



W U L 



which are, that the bill is flender, round, and pointed ; the 

 noftrils are concave and naked ; the tongue is very long, 

 very flender, cylindric, and terminated by a hard point ; 

 and the feet are formed for climbing. 



There is only one fpecies, vi%. the jynx torqulUa. The 

 colours of this bird are elegantly pencilled, though its plu- 

 mage is marked with the plaiiieft kinds : a lift of black and 

 ferruginous ftrokes divides the top of the head and back ; 

 the fides of the head and neck are afli-coloured, beauti- 

 fully traverfed with fine line^ of black and reddifli-brown ; 

 the quill -feathers are duflcy, but each web is marked with 

 ruft-coloured fpots ; the chin and breaft are of a light yel- 

 lowifh-brown, adorned with (harp-pointed bars of black ; 

 the tail confifts of ten feathers, broad at their ends and 

 weak, of a pale afh-colour, powdered with black and red, 

 and marked with four equidiftant bars of black : the irides 

 are of a yellowilh colour. 



The wry-neck, Mr. Pennant apprehends, is a bird of 

 paflage, appearing with us in the fpring before the cuckow. 

 Its note is like that of the keftril, a quick-repeated fqueak : 

 its eggs are white, with a very thin fliell ; this bird builds 

 in the hollows of trees, making its neft of dry grafs. It 

 has a very whimfical way of turning and twifting its 

 neck about, and bringing its head over its (boulders, whence 



Frequently the curative means are prematurely difcon- it had its name torguilla, and its Englifh one of wry-neck : 

 inued, and the diforder recurs. It is commonly imagined, it has alfo the faculty of ereding the feathers of the head 



tinued, 



that when the head and neck can be brought ftraight, every 

 thing is accompliflied. But, as Jorg remarks, it is wrong 

 to confider this period the completion of the cure ; for, 

 when the head and neck can be kept every day feveral 

 hours in a right pofture, without any machinery, the con- 

 valefcents foon become fatigued, as it cannot be at firft 

 done without exertion. It is only when both fterno-cleido- 

 maftoidei feem to be formed alike ; when one is not 

 tenfer than the other ; and when, confequently, the equi- 

 librium betwixt them is re-eftabbflied ; when alfo one fide 

 of the neck is as prominent and well-formed as the other ; 

 and when the head can be brought into the right pofition 

 naturally, and without any effort ; that the cure ought to 

 be regarded as accomplifhed. The machinery may now 

 be gradually relinqui(hed with fafety. At firft it is to be 

 taken off for an hour at a time every day, and the period 

 of its difcontinuance is to be lengthened by degrees, 

 until at length it is entirely laid afide. For the fore- 

 going excellent obfervations we are indebted to profefTor 

 Jorg of Leipfic, whofe publication on the deformities of 

 the human body is entitled in German " Ueber die Verk- 

 riimmungen des Menfchhchen Korpers und eine rationelle 

 und fichere Heilart derfelben." Leipfic, 1816, 4to. 



This author has not mentioned or given any opinion 

 refpefting the plan which was propofed by Mr. Sharp, of 

 dividing and even cutting out a portion of the ftemo<leido- 

 maftoideus mufcle, which appears to aft with too much 

 power. 



Mr. Gooch cured a patient by merely dividing the flcin 

 and platyfma myoides mufcle ; a kind of cafe which Jorg 

 thinks unfrequent. Mr. Gooch alfo fometimes employed 

 machinery with fuccefs. 



Wry-neck, a difeafe of the fpafmodic kind in (heep, in 

 which the head is drawn forcibly to one fide, and the animal 

 difabled from walking. The cure is to be efFefted by the 

 ufe of calomel with opium in pretty full dofes ; putting the 

 animal into a dry well-graffed pafture during the time, and 

 avoiding cold and moifture. 



Wry-neck, Jynx, in Ornithology, a bird called alfo the 

 torquilla, which Linnaeus has made a diftinft genus of the 

 pice, under the denomination of yunx : the charafters of 



like thofe of the jay. It feeds on ants, which it very dex- 

 teroufly transfixes with the bony and (harp end of its 

 tongue, and then draws them into its mouth. Ray and 

 Penn<mt. 



WRYNOSE, in Geography, a mountain of England, on 

 which are three ftones, marking the boundaries of the three 

 counties of Lancafter, Cumberland, and Weftmoreland ; 12 

 miles S. of Ravenglafs. 



WSCHESTAD. a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 

 Kaurzim ; 10 miles N.W". of Kofteletz. 



WSETIN, a town of Moravia, in the circle of Hra- 

 difch ; 23 miles N.E. of Hradifch. 

 WUIPENS. See Wippingen. 



WULDA, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Bechin ; 

 12 miles S.W. of Crumau. 



WULFEN, a town of W.eftphalia, in the bi(hopric of 

 Ofnabruck ; 8 miles E.N.E. of Ofnabruck. 



WULFENIA, in Botany, was fo named by profeflbr 

 Jacquin, in honour of his highly deferving friend, and con- 

 ftant botanical correfpondent, the Rev. Francis Xavier von 

 Wulfen, profefTor of natural philofophy and mathematics 

 at Klagenfurt, in Camiola, to which charge he was ap- 

 pointed in 1762, and where he died March 17, 1806, aged 

 feventy-eight. Amid the duties of his profefforfhip, and 

 the more ferious calls of his ecclefiaftical ftation, which he 

 fulfilled by the moft exemplary and acElive benevolence and 

 charity to all within his reach, his favourite purfuit was the 

 ftudy of the botany and mineralogy of the furrounding 

 country. His numerous contributions to the publications 

 of Jacquin, on the rare plants of Cariiiola and Carinthia, 

 conftitute a treafure of the moft valuable and original in- 

 formation. He writes with the ardour of a real lover of 

 nature, and we have nothing to difapprove, except fomewhat 

 of the diffufe, and what Linnjeus terms " oratorical," ftyle, 

 in the defcriptive parts of his writings, where terienefs and 

 precifion are moft defirable, however agreeable the graces of 

 oratory, and the expreffion of tafte and feehng, may be in 

 any accompanying remarks. The Flora Lapponica of Lin- 

 njEUS is our ftandard of perfeftion in this refpeft. Wulfen 

 was an accomplifhed fcholar, a man of the moft amiable and 

 elevated charafier, who adorns every thing that he touches, 



and 



