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ments, that no change or innovation ftiould be made in the 

 Lutheran rehgion in any part of the whole duchy, and that 

 in all the churches and fchools throughout the duchy, and 

 the countries thereto belonging, no other religion than that 

 of Lutheranifm (hould be taught : that no CathoHc 

 churches, chapels, altars, or images, fhould be erefted or 

 fet up, nor any fuch as were decayed or forfaken again 

 ufed. The Calvinifts only are tolerated here, and their 

 place of worlhip at Stuttgard is a private houfe. In this 

 duchy are alfo fome Waldenfes, who are either hufbandmen 

 or farmers, and hve in the Italian villages, as they ar^ 

 called, fome few towns alone excepted ; where they have 

 eftablilhed manufaftures of hats and flockings, and are al- 

 lowed the public exercife of their religion. The toleration 

 of the Jews here was abolifhed by an ediifl of duke Chrif- 

 topher, that of two or three families at Stuttgard excepted, 

 under the particular proteftion of the court. The church 

 is governed by four fuperintendants, ftyled abbots, and 

 38 rural deans ; a fynod is annually held in the autumn. 

 Education, and particularly that of ecclefiaftics, is favoured 

 by laudable inftitutions ; the feminary of Tubingen ufed to 

 accommodate about 300 iludents ; and at Stuttgard there 

 is a public academy. Here are manufaftures of pottery, 

 glafs, woollen, linen, and filk, which, with the natural pro- 

 dufts of the country, fupply a confiderable export. The 

 imports are by Frankfort on the Maine. The chief city is 

 Stuttgard, and the fecond town is Tubingen. The other 

 towns are numerous, but fmall ; and the villages are thickly 

 placed in a populous and flourifhing country. The origin 

 of the princely houfe is fomewhat obfcure and uncertain. 

 It is certain, however, that there were counts of Wurtem- 

 berg at the beginning of the twelfth century. In 1802 

 Wurtemberg was created an eleftorate of the empire ; and in 

 1806 waserefted into a kingdom. The caftle of Wurtem- 

 berg, which gave name to the duchy, is fituated 4 miles E. 

 from Stuttgard. By the treaty of Prefburg in 1805, the 

 king of Wurtemberg acquired feveral important referves. 



WURTZBURG, a town of Germany, in the county 

 of Erbach ; 3 miles E. of Erbach. 



WURTZEN, a mountain of Carinthia ; 8 miles S. of 

 ViUach. 



WURWAMA, a town of Hindooftan, in Guzerat, on 

 the fouth fide of the gulf of Cutch ; 40 miles N.E. of 

 Noanagur. 



WURWAY, a river of North Wales, which runs into 

 the Vurney, 3 miles S. of Llanvilling, in the county of 

 Montgomery. 



WURZACH, a town of Germany, in the county of 

 Waldburg, on the Aitrach ; 26 miles N.W. of Kempten. 

 N. lat, 48° o'. E. long. 9° 52'. 



WURZBACH, a river of Germany, which runs into 

 the Klein Enz, 2 miles E. of Wildbad. 



WURZBURG, a duchy, late a bifhopric, bounded on 

 the north by the county of Henneberg and principahty of 

 Coburg ; on the eaft by the bifhopric of Bamberg, the 

 margravate of Anfpach, and the county of Caftel ; on the 

 fouth by the county of Hohenlohe ; and on the wefl by 

 Mergentheim, county of Wertheim, eleftorate of Mentz, 

 and the bifhopric of Fulda ; about 80 miles in length, and 

 64 in breadth. The territory of Wurzburg is fertile in 

 corn, paftures, and divers forts of fruits and plants, as alfo 

 m wine, the very beft Franconian vines growing in it. 

 The prevailing religion is the Roman Catholic ; but there 

 are alfo Lutheran and Calvinid churches within the eccle- 

 fiaftical jurifdiftion and territory of Wurzburg, which 

 from time to time preferred to the diets of the empire 

 ^;nevous complaints of oppreffion and injuftice. In the 



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fixteenth century, this bifhopric abounded with Protcilant 

 inhabitants. The bifhopric was not founded here till 741. 

 In the year 1752, pope Bcnedift XIV. granted them the 

 privileges of bearing the archiepifcopal pall and crofs ; but 

 in other refpefts they were fuffragans to the archbifhops of 

 Mentz. This prince and bifhop maintained five regiments 

 of foot and horfe, military affairs being fubjeft to the aulic 

 council of war. In 1806 Wurzburg was fecularized, foon 

 after erefted into a duchy, and given to the archduke 

 Ferdinand. The number of inhabitants is computed at 

 200,000. By the treaty of Prefburg in 1805, the new 

 kingdom of Bavaria, to which Wurzburg had been before 

 affigned, acquired feveral important additions. 



Wurzburg, a city of Germany, and capital of a duchy, 

 late refidence of the bifhop. It is fituated on the Maine, 

 well fortified, and defended by a fortrefs, fituated on a rock 

 without the town ; in which fortrefs is an epifcopal palace, 

 and a church, fuppofed to be theoldefl in Franconia. The 

 town is divided into four quarters and four fuburbs, in 

 which are, a new palace, built in the beginning of the 

 eighteenth century, a cathedral, feveral collegiate and 

 parifh churches, colleges, abbeys, and convents. The uni- 

 verfity was founded in the year 1403 ; and, after falling to 

 decay, reftored again in 1582. In Auguft 1796, Wurz- 

 burg was taken by the French, but given up to the 

 Auflrians the month following ; 50 miles E.S.E. of Frank- 

 fort on the Maine. N. lat. 49° 50'. E. long. 9° 59'. 



WURZELBAU, or Wurtzelbau, John Philip, in 

 Biography, a German atlronomcr, was born at Nuremberg 

 in 1 65 1, and being diverted from his Itudies by a change of 

 circumftances, devoted himfelf to mercantile purfuits. 

 But in the midll of thefe occupations, he referved his fpare 

 hours for reading, and acquainting himfelf with the French, 

 Italian, and Spanifh languages. His chief attention was 

 direfted to mathematics and aftronomy. In 16S4 and 

 1685 he made obfervations on an eclipfe of the moon, 

 vrhich were printed ; and in 1689 tranfmitted to the Royal 

 Society communications pertaining to aftronomy. In 1691 

 devoting himfelf more feduloufly to the ftudy of geometry 

 and aftronomy, the emperor Leopold, apprized of his 

 merits, raifed him and his heirs to the rank of nobility in 

 1692. In 1699 he was chofen one of the foreign affociates 

 of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, and in 1706 he 

 became a member of the Academy of Berlin. Declining a 

 removal to Drefden, with the offer of an annual falary of 

 1000 dollars and free lodging, he occupied himfelf in 

 aftronomical obfervations with inftruments of his own 

 invention and conftruftion ; and he built, at his refi- 

 dence in Nuremberg, an obfervatory confifting of an ofta- 

 gon turret, covered with copper, and relling on iron 

 bars, which was placed on the top of the houfe, and which 

 was moveable to every part of the heavens : it was furnifhed 

 with an azimuth quadrant of five feet radius, a fextant of 

 fix feet, and other inftruments ; of which obfervatory lie 

 publifhed an account at Nuremberg, 1697, fol. He pub- 

 hfhed alfo other works, ibid. 17 13, fol. and ibid. 1 7 19, fol. 

 Having publifhed folar tables, &c. he died at Nuremberg 

 in 1725. He publifhed alfo various obfervations in the 

 Phil. Tranf. vol. xv. xvi. xvii. and vol. xxx. ; and alfo at 

 Nuremberg. Montucla. Weidler. Gen. Biog. 



WURZEN, or WuRTZEN, in Geograthy, a town of 

 Saxony, in the territory of Leipfic ; the bailiwick of which 

 extends over feventy-fix villages, and twenty-two noble 

 eilates ; anciently the fee of a bifhop, but in 1661, the 

 eftatcs of the foundation were annexed to the Leipfic circle. 

 The town is fituated on the Mulda ; though not large in 

 itfelf, it is much increafed by its fauxbourgs, which contain 



the 



