XANTHOXYLUM. 



'•' Weft St. Croix 2^6." — Stem prickly. Leaves ternate, 

 or pinnate, oblong, finely crenate ; dotted beneath — Native 

 of the ifland of Santa Cruz. IVilldmo'w. 



J. X. fpinofum. Prickly Triandrous Yellow-wood. 

 Swartz Ind. Occ. 574. Willd. n. 5. (Fagara fpinofa ; 

 Swartz Prodr. 33.) — Stem prickly. Leaves pinnate, with 

 many pair of feffile, ovate, pointed leaflets ; prickly beneath, 

 as well as the branches. Flowers triandrous. — Native of 

 dry mountainous fituations in Jamaica. A Jhrub, about fix 

 feet high, with a round, branching, upright ftem. Spines 

 (rather we prefume prickles) fcattered, prominent, needle- 

 like, as long as the finger-nail ; thofe of the main ftem 

 ftronger, and thicker at the bafe. Leaves a foot long, with 

 a compre{red_/bo//?ti/if, round and prickly at its bafe, and, if 

 we underftaiid right, furnifiied with a pair of prickles 

 before each pair of leaflets, which are nearly feflile, eight or 

 ten pair in all, ovate, with a fhort emarginate point, veiny, 

 rigid, fmooth, and (hining, very minutely crenate at the 

 edges, their mid-rib occafionally prickly. Cymes terminal, 

 with minute, white, crowded jloijers. Calyx with three 

 ovate acute fegments. Petals three, ovate, larger than tlie 

 calyx. Filaments fcarcely any. Anthers ovate, converg- 

 ing. Germen in three diftinft lobes. Stigmas three, feffile, 

 obtufe. Fruit not obferved. Swartz. 



We have been more full in our defcriptions of Dr. 

 Swartz's four fpecies, that the reader may compare their 

 charafters with Fagara. Nothing is faid of their powers 

 being feparated, or dioecious. 



6. X. Clava Herculis. Great Prickly Yellow-wood. 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 1455, excluding the fynonym of Duhamel. 

 Amcen. Acad. v. 3. 16. XVilld. n. 6. Ait. n. 2. 

 Swartz Obf. 375. (X. fpinofum, lentifci longioribus 

 foliis, euonymi fruftu capfulari ; Catefb. Carolin. v. i. 

 t. 26, according to Linnaeus. X. aculeatum, fraxini finuofis 

 et punftatis fohis ; Pluk. Phyt. t. 239. f. 4.) — Stem with 

 broad angular prickles. Leaflets ovate, pointed, crenate ; 

 nearly equal at the bafe : common footftalk prickly. 

 Flowers terminal, panicled. — Native of woods in the Weft 

 Indies and Carolina, flowering in March and April. It is 

 marked by Mr. Aiton as a green-houfe plant, cultivated 

 ever fince Miller's time, flowering in April and May. The 

 trunk is woody, often, according to Swartz, 30 or 40 feet 

 high, armed with very powerful prickles, which are thick at 

 their bafe, angular and fharp at the point. Leaves a foot 

 long, pinnate, as in all the following fpecies ; their common 

 footjlalks armed with fcattered ftraight prickles, one-third of 

 an inch Icng : leajlets about feven pair, on ftiort partial 

 ftalks, unequally divided by their fmooth mid-rib, and fome- 

 what falcate, an inch and a half or two inches long, border- 

 ed witli fhallow unequal notches, fmooth and rather (hining. 

 Clujlers terminal, compound. Flonvers polygamous, there 

 being fome united ones, though not perfecting feed, on one 

 tree, and others entirely female, on another. The former 

 have a minute five-toothed calyx. Petals five, thrice as long, 

 ovate, erecl, or a little incurved. Filaments five, twice the 

 length of the petals, and inferted between them. Anthers 

 oblong, cloven at the bafe. Germen roundifh, abortive, with 

 five awl-fliaped eredi Jlyles, and iim^Xe Jligmas . The female 

 flowers have a five-toothed calyx ; five concave petals ; no 

 flamens. Germens five, united into a roundifh body. Styles 

 none. Siigma peltate, (lightly convex, a little elevated, 

 with five furrows. Capfules five, combined, or one of five 

 lobes, each lobe having two valves, and containing a round- 

 ifti, black, fmnmg feed. Our defcription of the fruclifica- 

 tion is taken from Dr. Swartz. The haves bear but a 



flight refemblance to tlie Maftick-tfee, or afiy other fpecies 

 of Pi/lacia, being decidedly crenate. 



7. X. aromaticum. Aromatic Yellow-wood. Willd. n. 7. 

 i' Euonymo adfinis aromatica, five Xanthoxylon fpinofum, 

 fraxinellae foliis cheufanicum ; Pluk. Amalth. 78. t. 393. 

 f. 2.) — Stem with oppofite prickles. Leaflets ovato-lan- 

 ceolate, ferrated ; unequal at the bafe : common footftalk 

 prickly. Panicles terminal. — Native of Chufan. " A 

 Jhrub with ftraight prickles. Leaflets two, three, or four 

 pair, pointed, one inch and a half long, marked with pel- 

 lucid dots ; rounded near the bafe, at the upper edge ; 

 contrafted at the lower. Common footjlalk befet with ftrong, 

 nearly oppofite, prickles." IVilldenoiu, from a dried fpeci- 

 men, v;'\iho-a\.Jloivers. Plukenet fays, " the fruit is a fingle, 

 round, rough, or warty crT^u/f, tailing ftrongly of camphor, 

 lined with a white, fmooth, infipid membrane, containing 

 a black poUfhed feed, with a hollow whitifli fear, in which 

 lies the thread connefting the feed with its capfule." This 

 very accurate defcription determines the genus. He adds, 

 that the Chinefe ufe this fruit inftead of pepper. 



8. X. rhoifoUum. Stomach-leaved Yellow-wood. La- 

 marck n. 2. Willd. n. 8. (Euonymo afiinis aromatica, 

 five Xanthoxylum fpinofiffimum, fraxini anguftiore folio 

 punftatum ; Pluk. Amalth. 76. t. 392. f. i.) — Stem 

 prickly. Leaflets lanceolate, finely ferrated ; nearly equal 

 at the bafe : common footftalk downy and prickly. Pani- 

 cles axillary. — Brought from the iflands of Chufan, like the 

 preceding. The haves are a foot long. Leaflets nine to 

 eleven pair, with an odd one, each three inches in length, 

 pointed, dotted ; flightly downy beneath. Footjlalk fome- 

 times without prickles. Wilhhno'w. Plukenet's figure 

 reprefents the panicle much like the preceding, but la- 

 teral. The capfules feem to be one, two, or three from each 



Jlo'wer. 



9. X. juglandifolium. Walnut-leaved Yellow-wood. 

 Willd. n. 9. ( X. americanum, five Herculis arbor acu- 

 leata major, juglandis foliis alternis parilm finuofis ; Pluk. 

 Phyt. t. 239. f. 6?) — Stem prickly. Leaflets oblong, 

 pointed, obfcurely ferrated ; unequal at the bafe : common 

 footftalk fomewhat prickly. Panicles terminal. — Native 

 of Hifpaniola and Nevis. Leaves pinnate, with an odd one ; 

 leaflets alternate, coriaceous, two or three inches long, 

 marked with diftant, fcarcely vifible, pellucid dots ; their 

 edges entire to the naked eye, but under a magnifier appear- 

 ing furnifhed with clofe diltant ferratures ; contracted near 

 the bafe, at the upper edge ; rounded at the lower, rather 

 downy beneath. Common footjlalk befet with a few ihort 

 fcattered prickles. Panicles terminal, much branched, 

 denfe, downy. Capfules four or five, rather downy, 

 pointed. Seeds black. 



10. X.. rigidum. Rigid Yellow-wood. Willd. n. ic. — 

 " Stem prickly. Leaflets elliptical, entire, emarginate, 

 pointed ; their veins hairy beneath ; mid-ribs and footftalks 

 prickly." — Native of South America. Humboldt and Bon- 

 pland. Leajlets four pair, coriaceous, on very fnort ftalks ; 

 the upper ones largeft, two inches long ; lower but half an 

 inch ; their bafe rather unequal ; fometimes having a fliort, 

 obtufe, crenate point ; their upper fide polifhed, reticulated 

 with veins ; under paler, with one long, reddifh, awl-fhaped 

 prickle on the mid-rib of each, of which there are feveral 

 on the common ftalk. Flowers not feen. JVilldenow. 



11. 'X, hermephroditum. Cayenne Yellow-wood. Willd. 

 n. II. ( Fagara pentandra ; Aubl. Guian. v. i. 78. t. 30.) 

 — Stem prickly. Leaflets elliptic-oblong, pointed, entire ; 

 nearly equal at the bafe : common footftalk without 

 prickles. Panicles terminal, repeatedly compound. Flowers 



united. ■ 



