X Y L 



X y L 



hrokcn, yicItU an agreeable fmell, refembling thai of the 

 balfani. 



The xylo-balfamum is reputed good to ftrengthen the 

 brain and tlomach, and to expel poifon. 



XYLOCARACTA, or Xylocracte, in the Materia 

 Medka, a name by which fome authors have called the 

 carob, or filiqiia dulcis, the fwcet pipe-tree. 



This was called by fome of the Greek writers Kyloceralon, 

 the tree bearinof pods, and from a corrnption of this name 

 the other has been formed. 



XYLOCARPASUM, in Natural H'iflory, a name given 

 by fome authors to a poifonous kind of wood. 



It was the wood of that tree whofe gum was called 

 carpafum and opocarpafum. 



XYLOCARPUS, in Botany, from |l-^o», wood, and 

 xapro,-, fruit, alluding to the woody texture of the fecd- 

 veffcl. — " Koenig in Naturf. v. 20. 2." Schreb. Gen. 253. 

 Willd. Sp. PI. V. 2. 329. Mart. Mill. Did. v. 4. Poiret 

 in Lamarck Dift. v. 8. 806 — Clafs and order, OSandrui 

 Mcnr,gynia. Nat. Ord. Trthilata, Linn. Meliic, JufT. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth infericfr, of one leaf, clnb-rtiaped, 

 coriaceous, fomewhat coloured, with four roundirti teeth. 

 Cor. Petals four, ovate-oblong, rather coriaceous, widely 

 fpreading, twice the length of the calyx. Neftary ereft, 

 ovate, inflated, fomewhat flelhy, with eight marginal feg- 

 ments. Slam. Filaments no other than the eight feg- 

 itients of the neftary, linear, obtufe, emarginate, ftiorter 

 than the petals ; anthers eight, attached to the inner fide of 

 the filaments, and of the fame length, linear-oblong, abrupt. 

 Piji. Germen fuperior, ovate, fniooth, (lightly rugged at the 

 bafe ; ftyle very (hort and thick ; iligma abrupt, broad, 

 bordered, its margin furrowed, its didc furrowed crofs- 

 wife, and perforated. Peric. Drupa large, globofe, dry, 

 with a thick coat ; externally fmooth, marked with four or 

 five furrows ; internally woody and fibrous. Seeds. Nuts 

 eight, ten, or more, angular, unequal, irregular ; their 

 outer fliin foft, and rather filky ; inner woody and fibrous ; 

 kernel in fome degree woody, brittle, with a prominent 

 embryo. 



Ert". Ch. Calyx oblong, with four teeth. Petals four. 

 Neclary inflated, with eight teeth bearing the anthers. 

 Drupa fuperior, dry, woody, with four or five furrows. 

 Nuts numerous, angular, irregular. 



I. "&. Granatum. Indian Wooden-pomegranate. Koenig 

 as above. Willd. n. i. (Granatum littoreum ; Rumph. 

 Amboyn. v. 3. 92. t. 61. Cadul giiha of the natives of 

 Ceylon. Candalanga \\\ the Tamul language.) — Native of 

 muddy thickets on the fca-diores of Amboyna, Ceylon, and 

 other paits of the Eail Indies, among Rhi^ophora trees, 

 flowering in November, and bearing fruit in January and 

 February. A tree varying greatly in fize, fometimes little 

 more than a fhrub ; its wood elegantly veined, but fo 

 twifted and knotty, that no large handfome pieces can be 

 procured. The trunk is ereft, witli a hard, deeply cracked 

 bark ; the head dente, roundifh, or oblong. Larger branches 

 fcattered ; Imaller generally oppofite, numerous, clothed 

 with a greyifh bark. Leaves oppofite, ftalked, fpreading, 

 oblong, obovate, or elliptical, acute, entire, rather larger 

 than thofe of an apple-tree ; dark-green, fmooth and fhining 

 on the upper fide ; veiny beneath, with a prominent mid- 

 rib. Footjlalks (hort, roundilh, fpreading, a little curved, 

 rugged, of a chefnut-brown. Chijlers fcattered or axillary, 

 ftalked, rather fpreading, (hortcr than the leaves ; their fub- 

 divifions oppofite, or ihree-fo'-ke i, with round, fmooth, red, 

 tough, naked llalks ; the ultimate ones (hortcr than the 

 Jlowers, which arc fmall, yellowifh, or dirty white. Their 

 nedary fomewhat refembles a Lily of the Valley, but thefe 



flowers have no fmell. The fruit i;; larger than a pome- 

 granate, fometimes the fize of a child's head of three years old, 

 and contains from eight or ten to twenty angular unequal 

 nuts, bigger than chefiiuts, which do noi appear to be ufed 

 as food. There is a very remarkable dilproportlon between 

 the magnitude of the Jlo-wers and fruit. Rumphius, from 

 whom, as well as from ICoenig, we take our defcription, hints 

 that tlie jlowers are perhaps dioecious. It is certain that 

 molt of thofe, fo numerous in each duller, mull be abortive, 

 or there would not be room to perfeft theyVu!/. 



XYLOCASIA. See Cassia. 



XYLOCOCCUM, in the Materia Medica, a name given 

 by loine of the later Greek writers to the carobtree, or 

 filiqiia dulcis. 



XYLOCOLLA, a word ufed by fome of the ancient 

 writers to exprefs what was more ufually called taurocolla, 

 glue made of the ears and genitals of a bull. 



XYLOCOPI A, HuT.oKOCT'x, among the Greeks, a puni(]»- 

 ment with a cudgel. See Fustigation. 



XYLODON, in Botany, from f-j^ov, wood, and oJo», a 

 tooth, an appellation given by Perfoou to the third fedlion of 

 his genus Sistotrema, Syn. Fung. 550. (See that article. 

 The lamella: of that genus, ( which is intermediate, as he julUv 

 fays, between Boletus and Hydnum, though, in our opinion, 

 mod akin to the latter,) are of a firm, woody, and durable 

 nature, and divided into many compreffed irregular teeth. 



XYLOGLYCON, a name given to the carob, or fihqua 

 dulcis, by fome of the old Greek writers. 



The word exprelTes a fweet or fvveet-fruited tree. 



XYI^OIDES, or Hyloides, a term ufed by many of 

 the ancient writers to diftinguifh thole plants which had 

 woody llalks, though they never grew up to any con- 

 fiderable fize ; fuch as the garden-thyme, marjoram, and 

 the like. 



XYLOMA, fo called from the firm or woody fubftance 

 of the whole fungus, and the jagged or radiating margin 

 of one of the moil common fpecies, X. acerinum ; the word 

 being apparently compofed of |kXoi/, wood, and Xn'inct, a fringe, 

 ov border. — Perf. Syn. Fung. 103. Obf. Mycol. v. 2. lOO. 

 — Clafs and order, Cryptogamia Fungi. Nat. Ord. Fungi 

 ^ngiocarpi. 



Eflf. Ch. Flat, nearly orbicular. Receptacle various, 

 hard, fomewhat flefiiy internally ; either remaining clofed, 

 or burfting unequally. 



Sedt. I. Compound. Several receptacles combined. Rather 

 large. 



1 . 'K.. falicinum. Sallow-leaf Xyloma. Perf. n. i. " Difp. 

 Meth. 5. t. 2. f. 4." — Thick, tuberculated ; internally carti- 

 laginous, and white at the bafe. — Frequent on the leaves 

 of Salix caprea. This, according to Perfoon, is generally 

 tlofed, but he has found it in the fpring, as delineated in the 

 work quoted, breaking, in the upper part, into feveral por- 

 tions, like the (liell of a tortoife, from wliofe interllices the 

 fine \>o-wd(;ry feeds flew off like fmoke. The breadth of the 

 whole fungus is about lialf an inch ; its colour black. 



2. "K. andromeda. Marlh.rofemary Xyloma. Perf. n. 2. 

 — " Oblong, ihickifh, with rib-like elevations, pohfhed." — 

 Found in fummer on the leaves of Andromeda polifoUa, which 

 hence appear as if pitch had been dropped upon them. 

 Sometimes each fungus is as long as the whole kaf ; fome- 

 times only half as long. Its thicknefs is confiderable with 

 regard to the fize. The lower Jlratum is white and firm, as 

 in the foregoing. 



^. yi. acerinum. Maple Xyloma. Perf. n. 3. (Sphseria 

 maeuliformis ; Ehrh. Crypt, n. 219. Beitr. v. 7. loi.) — 

 Dilated, fomewhat orbicular, thin, flat, black, fiiglitly cor- 

 rugated towards the centre. — Frequent on the leaves of 



Jur 



