Y A L 



thiir manners, fuperllitions, and go»ernmcnt, however, they 

 have a greater rciemblaiice to the Mai.iiiiigoes than to any 

 other nation ; but excd them in the manufaaure of 

 cotton cloth, fpinning tlie wool to a finer tliread, weaving 

 it in a broader loon>, and dyeing it of a better colour. 

 Their language is faid to be copious and fignificant, and is 

 often learnt by Europeans trading to Senegal. Their 

 numerals are as follow : 



One ... Ween 



Two - - - Ynr 



Three - - - Yat 



Four - - - Yanet 



Piye . . - Judom 



Six - - - Judom Ween 



Seven ... Judom Yar 



Eight - - - Judom Yat 



JiJine ... Judom Yanet 



Ten - - • Fook 



Eleven - - - Fookang Ween, &c. 



Park's Travels, vol. i. 



In conneftion with this brief account of the Yaloffs, we 

 cannot forbear mentioning an anecdote that redounds very 

 much to the honour of Darnel, their king. On occafion of a 

 ■war between Darnel and Abdulkader, king of Foota Torra, 

 a country to the W. of Bondon, the latter inflamed with 

 zeal for propagating his rehgion, fent an ambaffador to 

 Darnel, accompanied by two of the principal Bafhrecns, 

 who carried each a knife, fixed on the top of a long pole. 

 When they obtained admiflion into the prefence of Darnel, 

 they announced the objeft of their embafTy in the following 

 fmgular manner : — " With this knife," faid the ambaffador, 

 " Abdulkader wiU condefcend to (have the head of Darnel, 

 if Darnel will embrace the Mahometan faith ; and with this 

 other knife, Abdulkader will cut the throat of Damel, if 

 Damel refufes to embrace it — take your choice." Damel 

 coolly replied, that he had no choice to make ; he neither 

 chofe to have his head (haved, nor his throat cut : and with 

 this anfvver the ambaffador was civilly difmiffed. 



Abdulkader with a powerful army invaded Damel's 

 country. The inhabitants of the towns and villages filled 

 up their wells, deftroyed their provifions, carried off their 

 eiTtfts, and abandoned their dwellings as he approached. 

 Thus he was led on from place to place, until he had ad. 

 vanced three days' journey into the country of the Yaloffs. 

 Several of his men had died with fatigue and hunger by the 

 way. This led him to direft his march to a watering-place 

 in the woods, where his men, having allayed their third, lay 

 down, overcome with fatigue, to fleep among the bufhes. 

 In this fituation, they were attacked by Damel before day- 

 break, and completely routed. Many were killed, and a 

 greater number taken prifoners. Among the latter was 

 Abdulkader himfelf, who was led, as a miferable captive, 

 into the prefence of Damel. The behaviour of Damel on 

 this occafion is celebrated, in terms and founds of the 

 higheft approbation, by the finging men. When his royal 

 prifoner was bro'jght before him in iron*, and thrown upon 

 the ground, the magnanimous Damel, inftead of fetting his 

 foot upon his neck, and ftabbing him with his fpear, accord- 

 ing to the cuftom in fuch cafes, addreffed him in the follow- 

 ing manner : — " Abdulkader, anfwer me this queftion. If 

 the chance of war had placed me in your fituation, and you 

 in mine, how would you have treated me ?" " I would have 

 thruft my fpear into your heart," returned Abdulkader 

 with great firmnefs ; " and I know that a limilar fate 

 awaita me." " Not fo," faid Damel ; " my fpear is indeed 



Y A M 



red with the blood of your fubjcfts killed in battle, and ^ 

 could now give it a deeper ftain by dipping it in your own : 

 but tliis would not build up my towns, nor bring to lite th? 

 thoufands who fell in the woods. I will not therefore kill 

 you in cold blood ; but I will retain you as my (lave, until 

 I perceive that your prefence in your own kingdom will be 

 no longer dangerous to your neighbours ; and then I will 

 confider of the proper way of difpofing of you." Abdul- 

 kader was accordingly retained, and worked as a (lave for 

 three months ; at the end of which period. Darnel liftened 

 to the folicitations of the inhabitants of Foota Torra, and 

 reftored to them their king. 



YALOVA, a town of Natolia, on the fea of Marmora, 

 once the refidence of Dioclefian ; 30 miles N. of Brufa. 



YALUTOROVSK, a town of Ruffia, in the govern- 

 ment of Tobollk, on the river Tobol ; 108 miles S.W. of 

 Tobolfk. N. lat. 56° 8'. E. long. 66° 32'. 



YAM, in Botany, a large flefhy root, eatable when boiled 

 or roafted, of which there are feveral fpecies, all natives of 

 tropical climates, and highly ufeful to voyagers, as they 

 will, like potatoes, keep for a confiderable time without 

 fpoiling. See DiOSCOREA. 



Yam, in Geography. See Jamez. 



YAM A, in Hindoo Mythology, is the god of the infernal 

 regions, correfponding with the Pluto of weftern heathens. 

 Yama is a very important deity : his name is of perpetual 

 recurrence in the facrificial ceremonies of the Hindoos ; 

 oblations and invocations to him forming a portion of many 

 of thofe ceremonies. The Hindoos, as is expl.iined under 

 our article Marl'T, have affigned regents or guardian 

 deities to each of the cardinal and intermediate points of the 

 world. Yama is regent of the fouth, or lower world, in 

 which the Hindoos place the infernal regions ; this corre- 

 fponding with the Grecian Pluto or Minos. Under our 

 article Menu, the great law-giver of that name is fup- 

 pofed to have been the fame perfon as the Minos of an- 

 tiquity. Yama has many names ; and in his charafter and 

 fundlions is found related to many important perfonages of 

 facred and profane hiftory. Among his names are, Dherma- 

 raja, or king of jufticc ; Pitripeti, lord of the Pitris, or 

 patriarchs (fee Pitris) ; and Mrltu, meaning death ; a 

 name alfo of Kala, or Siva. ( See thofe articles. ) Siifan- 

 yama, and Valvafwata-yama, are other! of his names, de- 

 rived, it is faid, the firft from a term denoting comelinefs or 

 beauty, the other from his ft>lar origin ; Yama being of the 

 race of the fun, of which fome explanation will be found 

 under our article Suryavansa. He is alfo named Sradha- 

 deva, or lord of the obfequies, in honour of deceafed an- 

 ceftors, of which a copious account is given under Sradha. 

 As well as the Seventh Menu, Yama bears likewife the 

 name of Satyavrata. He is alfo nam.ed Adhumbara; this 

 name is faid to be derived from a fpecies of wood, by the 

 attrition of which fire is produced, wherewith to light the 

 pile on which funeral obfequies are performed to Yama. 

 Every thing conne(£led with the important element of fire is 

 peculiarly myftical with the Hindoos. Touching the facri- 

 ficial and other fires, the reader will find many particu- 

 lars under our articles Pavaka, Sagnika, Sami, and 

 others thence referred to. Anheka is another name of 

 Yama ; it means death, or the dejlroyer : thus the compound 

 Kal-anheka-yama is Yama, the deftroyer of Kal or Time, a 

 perfonification of great boldnefs and extent. Kal is alfo a 

 name of Yama. (See Kal.) Yama has other compound 

 names, meaning the (layer of all beings, king of deities, 

 reducer of all things to afhes, the dark-lslue deity, of wolf- 



like 



