Y A S 



and cltalke. It is faid to poffefs the Angular quality or 

 property of refilling drought on the moft and foils ; fo 

 that if a green fpot appears in a burnt-up clofe-fed pafture 

 ground, it may almoll with certainty be concluded to be 

 covered with this plant. In paLlures there is not any fort 

 of plant which is eaten down more clofely than this, by 

 every kind of browfing domeftic animal. It has been re- 

 marked with furprifc, that fpots of rich dry land, which 

 were almoft wholly filled with thefe plants, were eaten 

 down barer than even white clover. It is a ftrong-rooted 

 perennial plant, which has many fine leaves, of a highly 

 aromatic fmell, and which is confidered as not only very 

 acceptable, but uncommonly healthy, or even medicinal, 

 both to (heep and black cattle. 



It is found in the bell bullock paftures and grounds, 

 where it is faid to be highly grateful to every fort of liye- 

 ftock of the cattle kind, and particularly fo to Iheep, which 

 bite it as fall as it grows or rifes : fo that on tolerably well- 

 ftocked paftures or grounds it is rarely fuffered to come 

 into flower. The feeds of it are, therefore, to be obtained 

 from fome rich dry fpot which is well llored with the plant ; 

 and if the foil be well fupplied with good mouldy compoft, 

 it has been found that the yarrow may be made into a 

 rough hay, from which it is eafy to obtain feeds, which are 

 of a pecuhar winged form and appearance. It flowers late 

 in the fummer, and the feeds may be gathered about the 

 month of Oftober. 



It is a plant that has not been obferved in abundance in 

 boggy or wet lands ; but which, for dry rich foils, deferves 

 the preference to moft others for the purpofe of being 

 depaftured. It is a plant that on the whole feems to merit 

 the attention of the ftock-farmer, at leaft in a much greater 

 degree than he has yet beftowed upon it. 

 Yarrow, Water. See Water Violet. 

 Yarrow, in Geography, a river of Scotland, which rifes 

 in a mountain called Tarronv Cleugh, in the county of Sel- 

 kirk, forms two lochs, St. Mary's and Lows, in its courfe, 

 and runs into the Tweed, about two miles below Selkirk. 

 YARUM. SeeYARM. 



YARUQUI, a plain twelve miles north-eaft from the 

 city of Quito. This fpot was pitched upon as the bafe of 

 the whole operations for meafuring the length of an arc of 

 the meridian, by UUoa, &c. Near it is a village of the 

 fame name. 



YARWHELP, or Yarwip, an Englilh name ufed in 

 fome places for the agocephalm of authors. See GoDWlT. 



YASASCHNA, in Geography, a town of RufTia, in the 

 government of Irkutlk, on the Kitoi ; 68 miles N.W. of 

 Irkutlk. 



YASASCHNAIA, a river of Ruffia, which runs into 

 the Kohma, at Verchnei Kovimlkoi. 



YASCHAMBOU, a town of Perfia, in the province 

 of Adirbeitzan ; 198 miles S.W. of Tauris. 



YASSA, in Alodern Hiftory, the name given among the 

 Tartars to a body of laws, afcribed to the famous con- 

 queror Gengis-Kan, which are ftill obferved among the 

 Tartars of Crimea, and other parts of Afia. M. de la 

 Croix has given, in his life of Gengis-Kan, an extraft of 

 thofe laws, comprifing twenty-one articles : the firft of 

 which inculcates the belief of one God, the Creator of 

 heaven and earth, and to whom belong the abfolute difpofal 

 and dominion of events. 



YASUDA, in Hindoo Mythology, the name of the fofter- 

 mother of the Hindoo Krifhna : it is faid to mean the giver 

 of honour . 



YASUDERA, the name of the wife of Budha, or 



Y A T 



Boodh, or deity of the Hindoos, and of other people. See 



BOODH. 



YATA, in Geography, a town on the fouth coaft of the 

 ifland of Catanduanes. N. lat. 13° 52'. E. long. 124° 

 29'. 



YATCHEVERAM, a town of Hindooftan, in the 

 Carnatic ; 25 miles S.W. of Nellore. 



YA-TCHI, a town of Corea ; 25 miles S.W. of Ou- 

 tcheou. 



YA-TCHINGo a town of China, in Fo-kien ; 15 milet 

 N.E. of Fou-nhing. 



YATE's River, a river of Africa, which runs into 

 the Atlantic, N. lat. 8° V. W. long. 12° 15'. 



YATHKIED, a lake of North America. N. lat. 63" 

 10'. W. long. 98°. 



YATI, the priefthood of the extenfive feft of Jaina, in 

 India. (See Jaina.) A yati is fometimes faid to be more 

 properly an afcetic, for it doth not appear that he performs 

 any religious rite. It is his duty to read and expound to 

 his difciples the fcriptures of the Jaina fyftem. See under 

 Sects of Hindoos for a general notice of the Jainas. 



The yatis are devoted to religion from their infancy ; for 

 with the Jainas the priefthood is not hereditary, as with the 

 orthodox Hindoos. A yati never marries, but fometimes 

 purchafes a child, adopts it, and inftrufts it in religious 

 duties. Parents fometimes vow or promife their firft-born 

 to the deity, in the hope of obtaining the blefiing of fecun- 

 dity in their family. They ferve their noviciate with their 

 guru, or preceptor, and perform for him many domeftic 

 offices. After a proper period, when arrived at a fufficient 

 age and progrefs in their ftudies, they are admitted as yatis. 

 The ceremony on this occafion is fimple. The noviciate is 

 carried out of the town with mufic and rejoicing in pro- 

 ceffion, followed by a crowd of Sravakas, as the laity of 

 the Jainas are called. (See Sravaka.) He is taken 

 beneath a tree with milky juice. The pipala, or Indian 

 fig, is ufually preferred. A circle is formed on the ground, 

 within which none but yatis are admitted. The hair, or lock, 

 of the noviciate is pulled out by the root at five pulls ; and 

 camphor, mufl<, fandal, faffron, and fugar, are applied to 

 the fcalp : lie is then ftripped, and placed, with joined palms, 

 the pollure of refpeft and fupplication, before his guru, 

 ■who pronounces a mantra (fee Mantra) in his ear, and 

 invefts him with the drefs of a yati, which confifts of a 

 cloth of three cubits for his loins, another of five cubits 

 for his head, a coarfe country blanket, called hamly, for 

 his bed, a water-pot, a plate for his viftuals, a cloth to tie 

 them up in, a long ftick to defend him, but not to injure 

 others, and laftly, a broom of cotton-threads to fweep the 

 ground where he fits or lies, to avert the deftrudlion of any 

 infeft. The Jainas are the feft that fo efpecially avoid 

 Ihedding blood or deftroying life ; a tenet that leads them 

 to ridiculous excefles, as will be feen under our article 

 Jaina, in which feveral particulars of the yati are alfo 

 given. 



YATREB, in Geography, the real name of Medina, in 

 Arabia. It is called Medina, or the city, by way of emi^ 

 nence. 



YATTENDON, a village of 5;ngland, in the county 

 of Berks. Here Alfred overthrew the Danes in 876 ; 4 

 miles S.E. of Eaft Ilfley. 



YATTONG, a town of Burmah ; 15 mUes W.N.W. 

 of Ava. 



YATTONUR, a town of the ifland of Ceylon ; iq 

 miles S.W. of Candy. 



4 YAUACA, 



I 



