Y E A 



our 23d of February, when the leaves begin to grow green : 

 their year confifts of eighteen monllis, having twenty days 

 each, which make three hundred and fixty days ; the re- 

 maining five days are fpent in mirth, and no bufinefs is fuf- 

 fered to be done, nor even any fervice at the temples. Al- 

 varez relates much the fame of the AbyfTmians ; who begm 

 their year on the 26th of Auguft, and have five idle days at the 

 end, wliich they ciW pagome/i. At Rome there are tvfo ways 

 of computing the year ; the one beginning at the Nativity of 

 our Lord : this the notaries ufe, dating a Natlvitate. The 

 other on tlie 25th of March, on occafion of the Incarnation ; 

 and it is by this the bulls are dated, anno Incarnalionh. The 

 Greeks begin their year of the world from the firft of Sep- 

 tember. See Year fupra. 



Years are alfo diltinguifhed with regard to the epochas 

 whence they are numbered : thus, years of our Lord, are 

 thofe reckoned from the birth of Jefus Chrift. Tears of the 

 •world, are tliofe elapfed fince the Creation. Years of Rome, 

 of the Hegira, of Nahonajfar, &c. See the difference be- 

 tween thefe years, under the article Epocha. 



Year is alfo a word ufed by fome of the chemical writers 

 to exprefs any produft of their operations, which may 

 ferve as a medicine, whether internally or externally. 



Year and Day, in Law, Sec. is a time that determines a 

 right in many cafes, and is in fome an ufucaption, and in 

 others a prefcription. 



Thus, in the cafe of an eftray, if the owner, proclama- 

 tion being made, challenge it not within a year and day, it is 

 forfeit. In like manner is the year and day given in cafes of 

 appeal, of defcent, of entry or claim, of non-claim upon a 

 fine, or writ of right, of the death of a man fore bruifed, 

 or wounded, of proteftions, effoins in refpeft of the king's 

 fervice, of a wreck, and on many other occafions. 



Year, Day, and Wajle, Annus, Dies, et Vaflum, is a part 

 of the king's prerogative, by which he challenges the pro- 

 fits of the lands and tenements of perfons attainted for petit 

 treafon, or felony, for the fpace of a year and a day, who- 

 foever is lord of the manor to which they belong. 



Formerly the king had only a Uberty of committing wafte 

 on the lands of felons, by pulHng down their houfes, extir- 

 pating their gardens, ploughing their meadows, and cutting 

 down their woods. But this tending greatly to the preju- 

 dice of the public, it was agreed in the reign of Henry I. 

 that the king (hould have the profits of the land for one 

 year and a day in lieu of the deftruftion he was otherwife 

 at liberty to commit : and, therefore, Magna Charta pro- 

 vides, that the king fliall only hold fuch lands for a year 

 and a day, and then reltore them to the lord of the fee ; 

 without any mention made of wafte. But the ftatute 

 17 Edward II. de prtrngat't-ua regis, fcems to fuppofe, that 

 the king (hall have his year, day, and wafte, and not the 

 year and day infteadof wafte ; which fir Edward Coke, and 

 the author of the Mirror, before him, veryjuftly look upon 

 as an encroachment, though a very ancient one, of the royal 

 prerogative. 



This year, day, and wafte, are now ufually compounded 

 for ; but otherwife they regularly belong to the crown : and, 

 after their expiration, the land would naturally have dc- 

 fcended to the heir (as in gavel-kind tenure it ftill docs), did 

 not its feodal quality intercept fuch defcent, and give it by 

 way of efcheat to the lord. Black. Com. bookiv. 

 YEAR-jBoo/fj, in Lait). See Reports. 

 Years, Efiatefor, in Laiu, is a contraft for the poftef- 

 fiou of lands or tenements for fome determinate period : and 

 it happens when a man letteth them to another for the term 

 of a certain number of years, agreed upon between the 

 leftbr and the leffee, and the leffee enters thereon. 



YEA 



If the leafe be but for half a year, or a quarter, or any 

 lefs time, this leflTee is reputed as a leflee or tenant for years, 

 and is fo ftyled in fome legal proceedings ; a year being the 

 Ihorteft term which the law in this cafe takes notice of. An 

 eftate of this kind, even for a thoufand years, is only a 

 chattel, and reckoned part of the perfonal eftate ; and, 

 therefore, a leafe for years may be made to commence m 

 futuro, tliough a leafe for life cannot. 



With regard to emblements, or profits of land fowed by 

 tenant for years, there is this difference between him and te- 

 nant for Hfe : that where the term of tenant for years de- 

 pends upon a certainty, as if he holds from Midfummer for 

 ten years, and in the laft year fows a crop of corn, and if it 

 is not ripe and cut before Midfummer, the end of his term, 

 the landlord fhall have it ; for the tenant knew the expiration 

 of his term, and therefore it was his own folly to fow what 

 he never could reap the profits of. But where the leafe for 

 years depends upon an uncertainty ; as, upon the death of 

 the lefTor, being himfelf only tenant for life, or being a huf- 

 band feifed in right of his wife ; or if the term of years be 

 determinable upon a life or lives : in all thefe cafes, the eftate 

 for years not being certainly to expire at a time foreknown, 

 but merely by the aft of God, the tenant or his executors 

 fhall have the emblements in the fame manner as a tenant for 

 life, or his executors fhall be intitled to it. But not fo, if it 

 determine by the aft of the party himfelf ; as if tenant for 

 years does any thing that amounts to a forfeiture ; in which 

 cafe the emblements ftiall go to the leffor, and not to the 

 leffee, who hath determined his eftate by his own default. 

 Blackft. Com. vol. ii. 



YEARLINGS, in Rural Economy, a term applied to 

 young neat cattle of the heifer kind in the fecond year. It 

 is obferved in the Gloucefterftiire Report on Agriculture, 

 that until within thefe few years, it was there efteemed a 

 bad praftice to let them be put fo early to the bull, but that 

 now it is even thought that this method improves them as 

 milkers ; and that from the increafed value of ftock, it is 

 advantageous to anticipate a year, as a heifer in calf, at two 

 years old, will be worth nearly as much as it would be if 

 kept three. See L.iVE-Stoci. 



YEARN, in Hunting, fignifies to bark, as beagles pro- 

 perly do, at their prey. 



YEARNING, in Rural Economy, a term applied to 

 runnet, ufed for curdhng milk in fome places. See Dairy- 

 ing and RuNNET. 



YEAST, Yest, or Barm, the foam or flower of beer, 

 or other liquor in fermentation. 



The yeaft of beer is ufed for a leaven or ferment in the 

 making of bread : as ferving to fwell or puff it up very con- 

 fiderably in a little time, and to make it much lighter, fofter, 

 and more delicate. But when there is too much of it, it 

 renders the bread bitter. 



The ufe of yeaft in bread is but of late ftanding among 

 us : it is not above a century fince the avarice of the bakers 

 firft introduced it ; and then it was only done by ftealth. 

 Though Pliny witneffes it to have been ufed by the ancient 

 Gauls. 



The faculty of medicine of Paris, by a decree of the 

 24th of March, 1688, folemnly maintained it noxious to 

 the health of the people ; yet even that cenfure could not 

 prevent its progrefs. 



Common ale-yeaft may be kept frefh and fit for ufe feve- 

 ral months by the following method : Put a quantity of 

 it into a clofe canvas bag, and gently fqueeze out the 

 moifture in a fcrew-prefs, till the remaining matter be as 

 firm and ftiff as clay. 



In this ftate it may be clofe packed up in a tight cafk, for 



feeuring 



