Y E L 



-V the Phgue, for the details of which, fee that article in 



the Addenda. 



YELi^ovr-Hammer, in Ornithology, the name of a very 

 common Englifti bird, called by authors emberiza lutea ; and 

 by Linnaeus emberiza citrinella ; and by fome hortulanut ; by 

 others luUus ; and by others chloreus. 



The bill is of a dufky hue ; the crown of the head is of 

 a pleafant pale yellow ; in fome almoft plain, in others 

 fpotted with brown ; the hind-part of the neck is tinged 

 with green ; the chin and throat are yellow ; the breaft is 

 marked with an orange-red ; the belly yellow ; the leffer 

 coverts of the wings are green ; the others dufl^y, edged 

 \7ith ruft colour ; the back of the fame colours ; the rump 

 of a nifty red ; the quill-feathers dufky, edged on their ex- 

 terior fides with yellowifh-green ; the tail is a little forked ; 

 the middle feathers are brown ; the two middlemoft edged 

 on both fides with green, the others on their exterior fides 

 only ; the interior fides of the two outmoft feathers are 

 marked obliquely near their ends with white. 



This fpecies makes a large flat neft on the ground, near 

 a bufh or hedge, of mofs, dried roots, and horfe-hair : it 

 lays fix eggs, of a white colour, with dark purple veins ; 

 and in winter frequents our farm-yards with other fmaU 

 birds. Pennant. 



There is befide this another kind, which is much fmaller, 

 and of a browner colour on the back ; this is called by 

 fome authors zivolo. 



Yellow Hatukiueed, in Agriculture. See Weed. 



Yellow Jaundice, in Medicine. See Jaundice. 



Yellow, King's, is a pure orpiment, or arfenic coloured 

 with fulphur, ufed for painting in oil and vamifh ; of an 

 extreme bright colour, and when good a true yellow ; when 

 ufed alone, it will ftand well ; but mixed with white lead, 

 and feveral other pigments, its colour flies or changes. It 

 is fometimes mixed with blue pigments, to form a green 

 colour. This pigment may be prepared by mixing fulphur 

 and arfenic by fublimation : taking of arfenic powdered, 

 and flowers of fulphur, in the proportion of twenty parts 

 of the firft to one of the fecond, and putting them into a 

 fublimer, and fubliming them in a fand-heat by means of a 

 furnace particularly adapted to the purpofe. When the 

 operation is completed, the king's yellow will be found in 

 the upper part of the glafs, which muft be feparated with 

 care from any foul parts adhering to it in the glafs, and 

 levigated into an uniform powder. It may be alfo obtained 

 from common orpiment by fubhming it in the fame manner. 

 This pigment may be rendered warmer, or more inclined to 

 orange, by increafing the proportion of the fulphur, and 

 vice •verjd. Handmaid to the Arts, vol. i. p. 17. 



Yellow Ladies' Bed Straw. See Weed. 



Yellow Meat, in Rural Economy, that which is much 

 tinged with a yellow colour. It is faid to be a peculiar 

 property in fome forts of animals, of both the (heep and 

 cattle kinds, to afford meat which has a yellow cafl or 

 appearance. 



It is fuggefted that this defeft muft be hereditary, as no 

 pafture or particular food can either produce or remove it, 

 as fheep which have been tried in the manner here defcribed 

 and found yellow have been fent to the Thames marfhes, 

 kept there a year, and when flaughtered have proved as 

 yeUow as gold. It may probably depend upon fome phy- 

 fiological principle, which mere examination after death has 

 not yet fhewn. Thefe remarks are equally apphcable to 

 beef as mutton, and are the refult of information on the 

 fubjeft derived from a well-experienced Smithfield falefman. 



Yellow, Naples. See Gialloliko. 



Y E L 



Yellow Oat-Grafs, in Agriculture, a fort of grafs which 

 thrives well in meadows and pafl.ures, as well as upon hills 

 where the foil is of a calcareous nature, flowering in the 

 middle of fummer. It is a rather coarfe grafs, which, 

 though tolerably fweet, is thought by many to be much in- 

 ferior to the meadow and fefcue gralTes ; and which Wither- 

 ing has afferted not to be rehfhed by cattle ; but which 

 Swayne thinks one of the beft grafTes of this kind for the 

 ufe of the farmer. 



The proportional value which the grafs, at the time the 

 feed is ripe, bears to that at the time of flowering, is as 

 9 to 15. 



The proportional value which the grafs of the latter-math 

 bears to that at the time of flowering, is as 5 to 15 ; and 

 to that at the time the feed is ripe, as 5 to 9. 



It is remarked, that this fpecies of grafs is pretty gene- 

 rally cultivated in many diftrifts and parts of this country ; 

 and that it would appear from the above details to be a 

 valuable grafs, though inferior to many others. See Aven'A 

 Flavsfcens, Grass, and GRASs-Land» 



Yellow Ochre. See Ochre. 



Yellow Rattle. See Weed. 



Yellow Scour or Milk, a difeafe in lambs, which takes 

 place while they are young, and in which they appear quite 

 dull and fpiritlefs ; their ears inttead of being upright lie 

 flat and afunder on their heads ; they are very lank in the 

 fides and bellies, and their breathing is very (hort and un- 

 equal. Thefe appearances are fucceeded by a purging of a 

 yellowifh milky coloured matter, which, in fome cafes, has 

 come on before the difeafe is noticed ; but at other times, 

 the lambs die without having had any or only a flight dif- 

 charge of excrement. The body or carcafe appears well 

 fed ; the excrement in the inteftines, which laft are-fome- 

 times in fome degree fwelled, refembles in colour that paffed 

 at the anus, while the ftoraach is particularly full of coagu- 

 lated milk. 



It is a difeafe which never appears or fhews itfelf in hard 

 feafons, but only when the weather is warm, growing, and 

 genial, and there is great plenty of new grafs. In general 

 it does not affeft them after they are three weeks old. It is 

 moftly afcribed to their fucking more milk than they can 

 digeft ; and it is even faid, that they not unfrequently fuck 

 until their ftomachs burft. 



The lambs being young, and of little value, remedies to 

 prevent or remove the difeafe are feldom tried ; but thofe of 

 the aromatic cretaceous kind, with a little opium, may often 

 be ufed with much advantage in preventing and curing the 

 complaint. 



Yellow Vetchling, in Agriculture, a plant of the tare 

 kind, that may be cultivated by the farmer in many cafes 

 with profit. The writer of the EfTays on Rural Afi"airs ftates, 

 that it grows with great luxuriance on fliff clayey foils ; 

 that it continues annually, for any length of time, to afford 

 a great weight of produce, which is of the very beft quahty ; 

 that it is equally fit for pafture herbage or for hay, and 

 that it may be apphed to one or other of thefe purpofes at 

 any period as convenient ; that it has hkewife this advan- 

 tage, that as it continues to grow with equal ftrength in 

 the end as in the beginning of the fummer feafon, it may 

 admit of being paftured upon in the early fpring, when 

 neceffary, whhout endangering the lofs of the hay-crop, 

 which cannot be the cafe with any other plant ufually cul- 

 tivated, except clover, which is unfit both for early pafture 

 and for hay ; and that it is ftill more valuable, as growing to 

 the greateft perfedion on fuch foils as are wholly unfit for 

 producing fain-foin, the only fort of plant yet cultivated in 



