Y E L 



;\bates in the courfe of a week or ten days, which may be 

 known by the alteration in the eyes and mouth of the horfe ; 

 but the remedies are to be continued until the yellownefs 

 o wholly removed. Should, however, the difeafe prove 

 obftinate, and not give way to fuch modes of treatment, it 

 will be neccflary to have recourfe to more powerful remedies, 

 fuch as thofe of the mercurial purging kind, repeated two 

 or three times at proper intervals, and then to give the balls 

 compofed of the fubitances direfted below : Two ounces of 

 fait of tartar, four ounces of cinnabar or antimony, three 

 ounces of fihngs of fteel, and foap half a pound, formed 

 with honey into balls the fize of a pullet's egg, giving one 

 night and morning in a pint of the above decoftion drink. 



On the recovery of the horfe, fome advife two or three 

 mild purges ; and if he be ftrong and fat, to put in a 

 rowel. 



He (hould have mafhes and warm water frequently, and 

 be exercifed daily, and warmly covered with cloths. 



In order to prevent a relapfe, the firft purging-ball may 

 fometimes be ufed with great advantage ; and a powder 

 formed of the following ingredients be mixed, with the feeds 

 of corn every night for a fortnight : ^thiops' mineral, nitre, 

 and anifeeds, each half an ounce, mixed together. 



Salt-mafhes, too, have often been found very ufeful in 

 the cure of this diforder, and when taken in time rarely fail 

 in reftoring the animal. 



The yellows in neat-cattle is a common difeafe, arifing 

 from obftruftion in the gall-dufts, and confifts in a difFufion 

 of the obftrufted bile through the whole body of the animal. 

 It is firft diftinguifhed in the white of the eyes, which has 

 a particular yellow appearance ; and as it increafes, the 

 whole of the Ikin becomes tinged with the fame yellow 

 colour : but the ears, tail, eyes, and mouth, are the parts in 

 which it is the moft confpicuous. The animals are affefted 

 with great weaknefs and debility in every ftage of the difeafe, 

 and there is a lilUefTnefs, with indifpofition to move, and a 

 want of appetite for their food. When in the paftures, they 

 moftly wander about by 'the fides of the hedges, or other 

 fences, in a lonely manner. Milch cows are particularly 

 fubjeft to the difeafe in the fpring and at the fall of the 

 year ; though they are not exempt from having it at all 

 other feafons. The moft unfavourable ftate of the difeafe 

 is when it proceeds from an induration of fome part of the 

 liver, as there is then but little hope of the difeafe being per- 

 manently removed. As the changing ftate of the weather 

 has often a great efFeft in retarding or haftening the re- 

 moval of the difeafe, care (hould be taken to houfe the 

 animals in all unfavourable feafons. 



On the firft appearance of the difeafe, it may often be 

 removed by the compofition direfted below : Salt of tartar, 

 Caftile foap, and grains of Paradife, each one ounce ; 

 turmeric -root, and coriander-feeds, in powder, each two 

 ounces ; the whole being made into a drink, by pouring 

 three pints of hot ale upon the ingredients in a proper dole 

 vefTel, firft flicing the foap in a thin manner, and covering 

 them well up until they become about new milk warm, 

 when two ounces of honey or treacle may be added, and 

 the whole given as a drink. It muft be repeated at the 

 diftance of every day or two, for two or three times, or as 

 there may be occafion. 



Where the beaft is ftrong, a little blood may fometimes 

 be taken away with advantage ; but it fhould not be turned 

 out into the pafture the fame day. 



When the difeafe does not give way to thefe remedies, it 

 may be necefTary to have recourfe to a ftrong purge or two. 

 After which a drink compofed as below may be given : 

 Salt of tartar, one ounce ; Caftile foap fiiced, two ounces ; 



Y E M 



well rubbed down with an ounce of balfam of copaiva and 

 then two ounces each of valerian-root, ginger-root' and 

 Peruvian bark m powder added, and the whole given 'in ale 

 or gruel as above, repeating it every other day. 



It is necefTary to keep th'e bodies of the animals weU 

 open through the whole of the difeafe ; in which intention 

 a dnnk compofed as below may often be ufeful : Barba- 

 does aloes, in powder, one ounce ; caftor-oil, four ounces ; 

 fyrupofbuckthorn, two ounces; mixed and siv 



/^f .-.of™„,I 1 1 I . -1% ° 



iven m a ( 



. . - 7 — J-— —• "■ g..»-ii HI a quart 



ot oatmeal-gruel when about new milk warm, and repeated 

 until the proper eft'eft be produced, ufing the firft fapona- 

 ceous drink at the fame time. 



When this complaint is removed, the general health of 

 the animals may foon be reftored by the proper ufe of cor- 

 dial ftrengthening drinks, formed of the different aromatic 

 peftoral feeds in the powdered ftate. 



The yellows is not a very common difeafe among fheep, 

 and confequently has not been very accurately defcribed ; 

 but probably confounded with many other affedtions to 

 which they are fubjea. It is fuppofed by fome to be in 

 general confined to the South-Down and new Leicefter 

 breeds, which, from their more tender conftitutions, are 

 more liable to complaints. 



The appearances of the difeafe are a yellownefs over 

 the whole body, but particularly diftinguifhable in the white 

 of the eye. The wool, too, has a little of the tinge, and 

 is (lightly hard. The paffages of the belly are of a whitifli 

 colour, and the urine is found to tinge any thing immerfed 

 in it of a yellow hue. Sometimes there is a degree of full- 

 nefs and hardnefs in the right-fide, about the feat of the 

 liver. The caufes are any thing which has a tendency to 

 obilruA the gall-duAs, but they are by no means evident ; 

 their effeft, however, feems generally to harden the liver, 

 and invariably to impede the paffage of the bile from it into 

 the bowels. In fome cafes, fmall ftones, formed in the gall- 

 bladder, produce it ; and at other times, it is caufed, as in 

 the rot, by the fweUing of the glands impeding the flow 

 of the bile in the dufts, in which cafe it is moftly incurable. 



The removal of the difeafe is to be attempted by the 

 ufe of ftrong purgatives, and fuch remedies as aft ftrongly 

 on the ftomach. A ftrong folution of purging falts will 

 partly tend to produce this effeft ; and ten grains of 

 ipecacuanha, given every three hours in a little warmed 

 llrong beer, is faid to be attended with the moft beneficial 

 effefts, when continued for five or fix days together, and a 

 dofe of purging falts given after it, fo as to clear the bovrels. 

 Calomel and foap may likewife be often given with great 

 benefit, as well as fome of the above faponaceous remedies. 



YEMANA, or .Temama, in Geography, a country and 

 city of Arabia, which M. D'Anville, probably mifled by 

 fome map and uncertain accounts, places on a river called 

 Aftan, and which he reprefents as a ftream in Neged, 

 though Niebuhr mentions it merely as a wali or brook, which 

 runs after rains. D'Anville fays, that Jemama is in Al 

 Kardje, which is the grand province of Kerje of Niebuhr, 

 on the E. of Hedjaz and Yemen ; and in this province, 

 according to the Danifh geographer, is the city of Amami 

 or Imame, renowned for the prophet Mofeilama, whom the 

 hiftorian Gibbon afcribes to Yemama, and which town is in 

 the diftrift of Surfa. But this cannot correfpond with 

 D'Anville's Jemama, which is in the province of Ared, 

 bounded only by that of Lahfa on the E. Niebuhr alfo 

 informs us, that Aijana, a town of Ared, is remarkable for 

 the new prophet Wahhab ; and therefore Gibbon feems to 

 have erred by fuppofing it to be the fame with Yemama, 

 the latter being probably a town of Kerje, not far to the 

 E. of Hedjaz. After all, the province and city of Jemama 



