YEN 



YEN, a river of China, which runs into the Hoang, 17 

 miles S.E. of Yen-tchang. 



YEN-CHIN-TCHING, a town of China, in Chan- 

 tong ; 45 miles E.S.E. of Tci-nan. 



YENDON, a river of England, in the county of Staf- 

 ford, which runs into the Churnet. 



YENGHI I.MAN, a town of Curdiftan ; 70 miles S.E. 

 bf Kerkuk. 



YENGI, a town of Corea ; 25 miles N.E. of Kang. 



YENISSEI, or Yenissey, or Eniffet, a river of Ruffia, 

 which the Tartars and Mongoles, who inhabit the fupe- 

 rior regions of it, above the Tungufka, call Kem, and 

 the Oitiaks, Gub or Khefes, fignifying the Great river, 

 and which is at Srft compofed of two rivers, the Kamfara 

 a«d the Veiketn, originating in the Chinefe Soongaria, or 

 Bucharia, and forming a conjunftion in N. lat. 51'' 30', 

 and E.long. 111°. About the mouth of the Bom-Kemt(hyug 

 it enters on Ruffian ground, and hence firlt takes the name of 

 Yenifley. After various windings it turns northward, and in 

 N. lat. 70', and E. long. 103° 30', forms a bay containing fe- 

 veral iflands ; and at lail, in 3° 30' of length, falls into the 

 r rozen ocean. In autumn, when its water is at the loweft, its 

 breadth, e.gr. at the town of Yenifleifk, is about 570 fathom, 

 whereas in the fpring it is 795 fathom and upwards. The 

 coafts of the Frozen ocean, between the mouths of the Ye- 

 nifley and Oby, are called the Yuratzkoi (hore. The more 

 confiderable ftreams taken up by the Yenifley are the fol- 

 lowing : on the right, the Ufs, the Tuban, the Kan, and the 

 three Tungufliis, /. e. the Upper, the Middle, or Podkam- 

 menaia, and the Lower Tungufka ; on the left, the Abakan, 

 the Yelovi, and the Turukhan. In its fuperior regions, the 

 Yenifley flows over a very flony bed ; and its ftiores, par- 

 ticularly the eaft;ern, are moftly befet with lofty mountains 

 and rocks. Its courfe is in general very rapid, though near 

 its mouth it flows fo gently, that the current is hardly per- 

 ceptible. In the neigiibourhood of Turukanftc and elfe- 

 where it forms fome confiderable iflands ; and between the 

 cities of Yenifleifl{ and Krafnoyarfli feveral catarafts are to 

 be feen. The Yenifley is navigable from its mouth as far 

 as Abakan, and affords abundance of the beft fifli. Near 

 this river, as well as in fome other ileppes of Rufiia, are ftone- 

 tombs, which reprefent in rude fculpture human faces, 

 camels, horfemen with lances, and other objefts. Between 

 this river and the Oby, or Ob, is a vait fpace extending 

 from the north of Tomflt to the Arftic ocean, which is re- 

 garded as a Iteppe, being a prodigious level with no appear- 

 ance of a mountain, and fcarcely of a hill. The fame term 

 18 applied to the wider fpace between the Yenifley and the 

 Lena, between the Ardic ocean in the N., and the river 

 Tungufka, or Angara, m lat. 65' ; and to the parts beyond 

 the Lena as far as the river Kolyma or Covima. Tooke's 

 Rufl". vol. i. 



YENISSEISK, or Exisseisk, a fraall town of Ruflia, 

 in the government of ToboliT<, fituated on the above de- 

 fcribed river, the forges of which yield a confiderable tax 

 to the Ruflian revenue. Its jurifdiciioi ;s extenfive, and it 

 pays annually a tribute in fldns 10 the crown ot Ruflia ; 

 400 miles E.N.E. of Kolivan. N. lat. 58"^ 16'. E. long. 

 91° 50'. 



YENITE, in Mineralogy, Lh-vrUe, Werr.er, a mineral 

 found in the ifland of Corfica, wnich from the great quan- 

 tity of iron that it contains might properly be claffed with 

 the ores of iron. It is arranged by profefFor Jamefon 

 •with the chryfolite family, but u diffeis g-reatly in the pro- 

 portions of its conftituent parts from all the other fpecies 

 which he has clafTed with this family. The appearance of 

 this mineral refembles hornblende, or rather black epidote : 



Vol. XXX IX. 



YEN 



it occurs both cryfbUized and maflive. The form of the 

 cryft;al3 is that of a rhomboidal prifm, the alternate angles 

 of which meafure about 1 13 and 67 degrees : the prifms are 

 terminated by low four-fided pj-ramids, the faces of which 

 are fet on the lateral planes of the prifm. It is alfo cryf- 

 tallized in reftangular prifms, bevelled on the extremities, 

 and the bevelling planes fet on the obtufe edges. Thefe 

 figures are alfo varioufly modified by the edges or angles 

 being bevelled. The cryfl;als are« fometimes very minute 

 or acicular, and fometimes half an inch in thicknefs ; they 

 are frequently aggregated in diverging radii, and fometimes 

 imbedded. The prifms are flriated longitudinally. The 

 ftrufture is imperfeclly lamellar, with joints parallel to the 

 fides, and to the ftiort diagonal of the rhomboidal prifm. 

 The fradure of yenite is uneven, and imperfeftly conchoidal, 

 with a lufl;re between vitreous and refinous. The colour is 

 black palling into brown ; it does not change its colour in 

 the ftreak. The hardiiefs of yenite is about equal to that 

 of common felfpar ; it is eafily frangible. The fpecific 

 gravity of yenite varies from 3.825 to 4.061. 



It is fufible with eafe by the blow-pipe into a black 

 glafs, which has a metallic afpeft, and is attrafted by the 

 magnet, but does not poflefs polarity ; it difTolves with bo- 

 rax with a flight ebullition. It is afted upon by the mineral 

 acids, bat does not gelatinize with them. When expofed 

 to heat it becomes magnetic. Its colour is changed by heat 

 from black into dark reddifh-brown, and it lofes about two 

 per cent, of its weight. 



The conftituent parts of yenite are, 



Silex 

 Alumine 

 Lime 



Oxyd of iron 

 with mangane 



from 



4 



28 to 30 



I 

 12 - 14 



51 - 58 



Yenite decompofes gradually on expofure to the air, and 

 is reduced to a yellowifh-brown ochre. According to 

 Brongniart, yenite occurs in difperfed cryftals and groups, 

 and in compaft kidney-fhaped maiTes, in a thick bed of 

 a greenifh fubflance nearly refembling yenite, but which 

 has not been accurately examined. It is accompanied with 

 epidote, quartz, and arfenical pyrites. This bed at Rio 

 la Marino, in Corfica, covers a rock of primitive marble 

 mixed with talc. At the Cap de Calamite, it is accompa^ 

 nied with magnetic iron-ftone, garnets, and quartz. 



YEN-KING, in Geography, a city of China, of the fe- 

 cond rank, in Pe-tche-li ; 52 miles N.N.W. of Peking. 

 N. lat. 40° 30'. E. long. 125^ 30'. 



YENLADE, or Stuay, a channel between the Thames 

 and Medway, which feparates the ifland of Graine from the 

 coaft of Kent. It was formerly the ufual pafTage for 

 veffels to and from London. 



YENNE, a town of France, in the department of Mont 

 Blanc, near the Rhone, fuppofed to be the ancient Epanna, 

 where Sigifraund, king of Burgundy, affembled a council at 

 the end of the fifth century ; 14 miles N.W. of Chambery. 



YEN-NGAN, a city of China, of the iirfl rank, in 

 Chen-fi, on the river Yen ; 390 miles S.W. of Peking. 

 N. lat. 36° A4'. E. long. 1 08° 49'. 



YEN-PING, a city of China, of the firft rank, m Fo- 

 kien ; S20 miles S. of Peking. N. lat. 26=40'. E. long. 

 117° 54'. 



YEN-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the firfl: rank, in 

 Tche-kiang. Near this town are mines of copper, and 

 trees that yield varnifli, which give a value to the cabinet- 

 work fo much efteemed in Europe ; when this vamifh is 

 once dry, it never melts again, and will bear boiling water. 

 ' K The 



