Y E O 



The paper maniifafture of this place is in equal eftfpm, and 

 for which they have a great demand. Six towns of the 

 third order are under its jurifdidion ; 650 miles S.S.E. of 

 Peking. N. lat. 29° 38'. E. long. 1 19° 14'.— Alfo, a 

 city of China, of the firll rank, in Chan-tong. The terri- 

 tory depending upon this capital is inclofed between two 

 confidcr-ble rivers, which abound witli fi(h, and make the 

 foil very fruitful. The country is very well cultivated, the 

 mountains are covered Mjith woods, and the air is mild and 

 temperate. There are twenty-fevcn towns within the jurif- 

 diftion of this capital; four of the fecond order, and 

 twenty-three of the third ; 267 miles S. of Peking. N. lat. 

 35" 44'. E. long. 116' 36'. 



YENTCHERU, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar 

 of Cuddana ; 20 miles N.N.E. of Combam. 



YEN-tCHlNG, a town cf China, in Chan-tong, 

 where a pecuhar fpecies of glafs is manufaftured, of fo de- 

 licate a r.aiure, tliat it will not endure the inclemency of the 

 air ; 45 miles S.E. of Tci-nan. 

 YEO. See Yeovh.. 



YEOMAN, the firft or higheft degree among the 

 plebeians of England ; no.xt in order to the gentry. 



The yeomen are properly the freeholders, who have land 

 of their own ; fo called from the Saxon gemane, or geman, 

 common. 



The word yongman is ufed for yeoman in the ftatute 

 33 Hen. VIII., and in old deeds it is fometimes alfo written 

 jeman, which, in the German, fignifies any-body. 



According to fir Thomas Smith, a yeoman is a free-born 

 Enghfhman, who can lay out of his own free land in yearly 

 revenue to the fum of forty fhillings fterling. 



The yeomanry of England are capable of holding lands 

 of their own to a good value ; are adjudged capable of cer- 

 tain offices, as conftables, churchwardens, jurymen ; and 

 are alfo to vote in eleftions to parliament, and to ferve in the 

 army, and to do any other aft where the law requires one 

 that isproius et legalh homo. 



The yeomen were famous, in ancient times, for military 

 valour, being particularly expert at the management of 

 tlie bow ; whence the infantry was compofed chiefly of 

 them. 



They frequently conftituted the body-guard of our kings ; 

 and in procefs of time gave rife to the inllitution of yeomen 

 of the guard. 



In many cafes, the law conceives a better opinion of 

 the yeomanry that occupy lands, than of tradefmen, arti- 

 ficers, &c. 



By a ftatute, 2 Hen. IV., it is enafted, that no yeoman 

 Ihall take or wear a livery of any lord, upon pain of impri- 

 Ibnment, and a fine at the king's pleafure. 



Yeo.maIn- is alfo a title of office in the king's houfehold, of 

 a middle place or rank between a gentleman and a groom. 

 Such are the yeoman of the buttery ; yeoman of the fcul- 

 lery ; yeoman of the wine-cellar, ewry, wood-yard, &c. 

 There are alfo the yeoman of the mouth, yeoman of the 

 kitchen, yeomen-porters, &c. 



Yeo.man, in Sea Language, an officer under the boat- 

 fwain or gunner of a (hip of war, ufually charged with 

 the ftowage, account, and diftribution of their refpeftive 

 ilores. 



Yeomen- /^ar^/frj. See Warders of the Tower. 

 Yeomen of the Guard, properly called yeomen of the guard 

 of the iing's body, were anciently a body of men of the bell 

 rank under gentry, and of larger ftature than ordinary ; every 

 one being required to be fix feet high. 



Their number has varied in almoft every reign, and for- 

 merly confilled of a certain number in ordinary, and an 



6 



YEO 



indefinite number extraordinary ; and in cafe of a vacancy 

 in the former, it was fupplied out of the latter number. 

 In the reign of king Edward VI. this corps was very nu- 

 merous. In the reign of queen Elizabeth, the yeomen at- 

 tending her in her different progreffes were occafionally 

 mounted. In the reign of queen Anne, the arms of half 

 this band were arquebufes, which are faid by Cham- 

 berlain to have been difufed ever fince the reign of 

 king William ; the other half had partifans, and thofe 

 of both clafTes had fwords. They had their wages 

 and diet allowed them ; fo that in a MS. of the expences 

 of the royal eftublifhment for the year 1727, the charges 

 of the table of the yeomen of the guard were 273/. 

 \^s. But their diet has been difcontinued fince that 

 reign. Their duty was to wait upon the queen in her 

 ftanding-houfes ; forty by day, and twenty by night. At 

 St. James's, they waited in the firft room above ftairs, called 

 the guard-chamber. It is alfo their duty to attend the fo- 

 vereign abroad by land or water. 



At prefent there are but one hundred yeomen in conftant 

 duty, at 39/. I u. 3^. per annum each ; eight of whom are 

 called ufhers, who have 10/. per annum each more than the 

 other yeomen ; fix are called yeomen hangers, and two, 

 yeomen bed-goers, who have the fame pay as the ufhers ; 

 and feventy more not on duty ; and as one of the hundred 

 dies, his place is fupplied out of the feventy. 



The officers are, a captain, who has 1000/. per annum ; a 

 lieutenant, at ^ool. per annum ; an enfign, at 300/.; and four 

 exons, at 150/. per annum each ; and a clerk of the checque 

 at the fame falary. 



Their origin is traced to the year 1485, when king 

 Henry VII. afcending the throne, immediately after his 

 coronation, inftituted a guard of fifty archers to attend him 

 and his fucceffors. They were probably then, as they are 

 now, called l\ie yeomen of the guard. 



It is obferved, that this is the firft inftance of any efta- 

 blilhed or permanent military guard in England : its kings, 

 till that time, except in times of war and infurreftion, content- 

 ing themfelves with the guard of their proper domeftics and 

 retinue. And. Hift. Com. vol. i. p. 302. 



Moft of the writers, however, againft ftanding armies 

 commence that eftablifliment with the ferjeants at arms, who 

 were firft inftituted by king Richard I. Their drefs is that 

 which was worn in the reign of king Henry VIII., and 

 which on many occafions was put on by that king : it 

 confifts of a fcarlet coat reaching down to the knees, 

 guarded with garter blue velvet, and with badges of the 

 rofe and crown on their breafts and backs ; their breeches 

 alfo are fcarlet, guarded with blue velvet ; their caps are of 

 black velvet, with broad round crowns, adorned with rib- 

 bands of the royal colours, -vlx. red, white, and blue. 



The officers and yeomea are at the difpofal of the 

 captain ; but the captain is at the appointment of the 

 king. 



Yeoman of the Salt Stores. See Acatery. 

 YEOMANRY Cavalry, a denomination given to 

 thofe troops of horfe which were levied in the late war 

 among the gentlemen and yeomen of the country, upon the 

 fame principle with the volunteer companies. The yeo- ' 

 manry cavalry were to be allowed pay when called out on 1 

 aftual fervice, and each corps was liable to be put upon duty 

 within its diftrift : all contingent expences, properly and 

 unavoidably incurred, were to be reimburfed after an invefti- 

 gation at the war-office. One ferjeant and a trumpeter per 

 troop were to have conftant pay, with the fame allowances 

 as ferjeants and trumpeters of regular cavalry. Some ac- 

 coutrements were to be furnifhed by the ordnance, or an 



equivalent 



