YOG 



YN-YUEI, a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 

 Yun-nan ; 1300 miles S.W. of Peking. N. lat. 23" 5^'- 

 E. long. 98° 24'. 



YOAK, in jigrkulture. See Yoke, and Yoking. 



YoAK, Jugum, in Antiquity. The Romans made the ene- 

 mies they fubdued pafs under the yoke, which they called 

 fub jugum mitten: that is, they made them pafs under a 

 iort oi furci tatibulara, or gallows, confifting of a pike, 

 or other weapon, laid acrofs two others planted upright m 

 the ground. This done they treated them with humanity 

 enough, and fent them home again. See Furca. 



The fame meafure was fometimes dealt them by their 

 enemies upon the fame occafion. Thus Cxfar (lib. ii.) 

 obferves, that the conful L. Caffius had been killed by the 

 Swifs, and his army defeated, and made to pafs under the 



yoke. . . ■ ^ „ 



YoAK of Land,jugata term, in our Ancient Cujloms, was 

 the fpace which a yoke of oxen, that is, two oxen, may 

 plough in one day. See Hide, YARo-Land, &c. 



YO-CHIN, in Geograpij, a towa of Corea ; 10 miles 

 N.E. of Han-tcheou. 



YOCKLET. SeeJocKLET. 



YOCOM Creek, in Geography, a river of Virginia, which 

 runs into the Potomack, N. lat. 38° 6'. W. long. 76° 36'. 



YOCOTE, a town of Hindooftan, in Dowlatabad ; z^ 

 miles S.S.W. of Mahur. 



YOGESWARA, in Hindoo Mythology, a name of the 

 Hindoo god Siva; which fee. It means lord of ages, or of 

 time; yug, or yog, being vaft periods of time into which 

 Hindoo chronologifts arrange the pad. The addition of 

 Ifwara, the powerful, a name of Siva, feems to give a 

 fatisfaftory derivation. ( See Iswaua. ) For an account of 

 thofe periods, fee Jogues. Some have derived the name of 

 Yogefwara from lord of Yogis, fuppofing the feft of 

 fanftified beggars fo defignated as being more immediately 

 under the proteAion of Siva ; but this is in faft nearly the 

 fame thing, for yog fignifies union or junBion, and thefe 

 periods of time re-unite all things in the Deity ; and the 

 Yogi by intenfe contemplation effefts a fimilar union. But 

 this metaphyfical dogma cannot be explained here. See 

 Kalpa, Yogi, and Yug. 



YOGI, a defcription of wandering faints, much re- 

 fpedled by many of the natives of India, though by others 

 they are ftrongly fufpeiSled to partake more of the impoftor 

 than the enthufiaft. There are many defcriptions of thefe 

 itinerants among the Hindoos ; and we are not aware that 

 the diftinftions between them have been accurately pointed 

 out. The appellation Yogi means a devout man, devoted to 

 fpiritual things, efpecially to the contemplation of the attri- 

 butes of the Deity. It is derived from yog or yug, wliich, 

 among very many fignifications, means primarily union or 

 junHion, and is applied in this fenfe to one who by intenfe 

 meditation is united to the divine nature ; a myfticifm 

 eafily underftood by the initiated and enthufiaftic Hindoos, 

 though not recognizable by others. There is a differ- 

 ence, we beheve, between the Yogi and Saniaffy, but we 

 cannot exaftly fay in what it confifls. In the latter 

 part of the article Sects of Hindoos, fome particulars of 

 thefe two will be found. Perhaps the Yogi may be the 

 defignation of the Vailhnava, and Saniaffy of the Saiva fed. 

 ( See Saiva, Vaishnava, and Yogeswara.) Both profefs 

 poverty, purity, and aufterities. When the latter are 

 carried to any extent, the zealot is honoured with the title of 

 Tapafvji, of whatever feft he be. Of fuch, and their 

 aufterities, fee under Tapas, We fometimes read of female 

 anchorets denominated Yogni ; but they are, we believe, 

 merely enthufiaftic females, who become afcetic* and not 



Y O K 



the wives of the fanftified males. Among the oriental 

 manufcripts prefented to the Royal Society by fir W. Jones, 

 is one entitled " Hatha Pradipaca, or Inftruftions for the 

 Performance of the religious Difcipline called Yoga." 



In the Gita, Krilhna defcribes the Yogi as being " more 

 exalted than the Tapafwi, the zealot who haraffes himfelf 

 in performing penances : he is refpefted above the learned 

 in fcience, and fuperior to thofe attached to moral works." 

 This paffage is quoted in the latter part of our article 

 Sects of Hindoos, but being erroneoufly pointed is fcarcely 

 intelligible. This article being thence referred to, we take 

 the opportunity of correfting another error or two in it : — 

 In the fecond column, the name of the Mahratta Brahman 

 general, Purferam Bhow, is twice fpelled Bhon ; in the fiftji 

 column, the name of Vopadeva, the author of the Sri Bhaga- 

 vata, is fpelled Vapadeva ; in the next column, line 2x from 

 {he bottom, a comma is wanted after Krifhna. Having re- 

 ferred above to the article Tapas, we will here correft an 

 error in that alfo : — In fecond column, line 1 1, for inflexions 

 read inflictions. 



YOHOGANY, in Geography. See Youghiogeny. 



YOIDES, in Anatomy, the bone of the tongue, com- 

 monly called hyoides. See Hyoides. 



YOINGT, or JoiNGT, in Geography, a town of France, 

 in the department of the Rhone and Loire ; 7 miles E. of 

 Roanne. 



YOITSBACH, a river of SileCa, which runs into the 

 Queis, near Friedberg, 



YOKE, in ./^_fricu//ar^, aframeof wood hollowed out and 

 lined for receiving the neck part of the ox or other cattle in 

 working. Yokes are conftrufted in different manners, as 

 fingle and double, in order to be ufed differently. They 

 are fixed with bows over the necks of the oxen or other 

 cattle when in ufe ; by which means, in the latter fort, the 

 two animals are coupled together, and attached to the 

 plough or other vehicle. See Yoking. 



Yoke, in Sea Language, a name formerly given to the 

 tiller, when comnmnicating with two blocks or (heaves 

 affixed to the inner end of the tiller. It is now applied to 

 a fmall board or bar which fits on the upper end of a boat's 

 rudder at right angles, and having two fmall cords extend- 

 ing from its oppofite extremities to the ftern-fheets of the 

 boat, by which {he is fteered as with a tiller. 



YOKED Leaf, in Botany, folium conjugatum, or bina^ i 

 turn. See Leaf. 



YO-KEOU, in Geography, a town of Corea; 38 milei ] 

 S. of Haimen. 



YOKING, in Agriculture, the praftice of putting the 

 animals into the yoke or other fort of team. 



In the bufinefs of yoking or harnefling oxen for the pur- 

 pofe of draught, different methods have been followed by 

 different farmers. And the modes of harnefling and yoking 

 oxen are even different in different counties, and diftrifts of 

 the fame county. The moll common praftice in the 

 fouthern parts of this kingdom, is that of working them in 

 harnefs in the manner of horfes ; while in the northern 

 counties, the yoke and bows are flill much employed. On 

 the continent, as in France, Portugal, &c. the head is the 

 part to which the draught is chiefly attached. 



In the firft cafe, the flioulder is made the principal point 

 of draught ; but in the fecond method, the neck and 

 flioulder conjointly have the weight of the draught ; and in 

 the laft mode, the principle of draught is, in one cafe the 

 head, and in the other the joint power of the neck and bafe 

 of the horn, which lord Somerville has confidered a purchafe 

 as great perhaps as can be given to the animal. 



It is " effeiled by a long leathern ftrap, wrapped round 



the 



