YORK. 



year of Henry VI. it was annexed to the jurifdkSkion of the 

 magiftrates of York, and has ever fince been comprehended 

 in the county of the city of York. The whole diftriA was 

 anciently a foreft, but laid open in the reigns of Richard I. 

 and John : it contains 22 parilhes I'ubdivided into a number 

 of townihips ; the inhabitants of the whole amounting, in 

 l8i I, to 8205 perfons. In all parhamentary aflefTmeiits the 

 city is called on for three-fifths of the amount, and the 

 Ainftey for two-fifths. Doubts having long been entertained 

 whether the inhabitants of this diltridl could vote for the 

 reprefentatives of Yorkfhire in parliament, a decifion was 

 obtained in the houfe of commons in 1735, declaring, " that 

 the perfons whofe freeholds lie within that part of the county 

 of the city of York, which is commonly called the Ainfley, 

 have a right to vote for knights of the (hire for the county 

 of York." 



Ecckjiajlkal Hi/lory — The earlieft; notice refpefting the 

 recogniled eftabhftiment of Chnitianity in Eboracum, 

 York, exiils in the lill of bifhops, or pallors, who comp_r j 



Plantagenet, fon of Henry II. and the Fair Rofamond. His 

 lucceflbr, Walter de Grey, is faid to have tranfmitted a pro- 

 digious fum to Rome for his inftallation : but for this apparent 

 limony he atoned by purchafing the manor of Thorpe for 

 the country-refidence of the archbifliops of York, and by 

 contributing materially to the ereaion of the cathedral. 

 While the fee was occupied by John Thorefoy, appointed 

 m 1352, in order to remove the contentions between the two 

 archprelates, pope Innocent VI. eftablifhed the diftinftion 

 before-mentioned in the metropolitan dignity. Richard 

 Scroope, who fucceeded to the fee in 1398, was, in 1405, 

 beheaded for the aftive part he took in oppofition to 

 Henry IV. after the murder of Richard II., who, on va- 

 rious occafions, had (hewn a particular favour for York. 

 The fifty-fecond prelate, appointed in 1464, was George 

 Neville, brother of the famous earl of Warwick, and dif- 

 tingui(hed by the misfortunes of his latter years, no lefs 

 than by the unbounded magnificence of his inftallation. 

 Chriftopher Bainbridge, appointed in 1508, and ambalTador 



the fynod or councd of Arelate, now Aries, ,n the fou^h of to Rome, was created"a cardinal ; but was fo^n after poifoned 

 France, about A.D 314. The bi(hops who then app.^^^ by an Italian prielt, his fteward. His fucceffor, in ,?i4, wa. 

 on the part of th^ Bnuft, church were, Ebonus de i^,,^, the celebrated cardinal Wolfey. By the exertions of^Irch- 

 Eborxcenfi, Reititutus de civitate Londinenfi, and a^^i hifhnn W^^fj, ,r,„„;„.„j • .u r ^ ""» "' «"^ 



r , ■ ' n \ ■ f A r xi \ Adel- Dnnop tleatti, appointed in 1 5 c r, the fee recovered a ereat 



fius de civitate Colonia Londinenlium. Ey the re.„„ „r nart nf tl,o ro™r,,,^.„ ;► ■ u- u l jl ,. ° . 



,. D . , ,,, r .. .. ,' = /"treat ot part ot the revenues it now enjoys, which had been ahenated 



the Romans in the middle of the 5th century, and the fub- by the arbitrary and avaricious meafures of Henry VIII. 

 fequent overwhelmmg invafions of the Saxons, Chriftianity As a Roman CathoUc, he was deprived of his dignities by 

 was almoft entirely fupprefled in the northern ^^ „f ^^^ Elizabeth, who, however, refpefted his merits, and allowed 

 kingdom. At laft about 628, Edwin, king of Northumbria, him to retire to his eftate at Cobham. In 1 641 the fee was 

 having married Ethelburga, the (iller of Ebald, the converted fiUed by John Williams, who, after warmly efpoufing the 

 "^i °f A^.'L'^vLiJ ZZIa^^J":^'^^ ^1 Paulinus, who royal caufe, openly joined the parliament. After him tfe fee 



^^^^j^^^ vacant for ten years until 1660, when, on the 

 reftoration of Charles II., it was conferred on archbilhop 

 Frewen. Archbi(hop Dolben, who fucceeded Richard 

 Sterne, was an enfign in the army in his youth, and bled ia 

 the royal caufe at Marfton-moor : he died in 1688. The 

 laft prelate was Dr. Markham, who had been head-mafter 

 of Weftminfter-fchool, and preceptor to the prince of Wales. 

 Dying in 1808, he was fucceeded by the prefent archbi(hop, 

 the honourable Edward Vernon. 



Antiquities. — That Eboracum poffelTed temples, palaces, 

 theatres, and the other public edifices with which the politic 

 Romans were in the habit of adorning the principal, and 

 even in fome cafes the minor cities within their dominions, 

 cannot be doubted ; but all fuch ftruftures have long dif» 

 appeared. The moft remarkable monument of Roman oc- 

 cupation now to be feen is what is called the multangular 

 tower, being a polygon forming the N. W. angle of the Ro- 

 man wall, near the N.E. bank of the Oufe. The lower 

 part of this tower is faced with rows of regularly fquared 

 ftones, feparated at broad intervals by layers of flat bricks. 

 The upper part of the tower, pierced with loop-holes, is of 

 much later date. Various Roman infcriptions have been and 

 continue to be difcovered in York : fome are mentioned by 

 Camden, who was the firft to record them. In digging for 

 a cellar, in the beginnmg of the laft century, in what is 

 called the manor, or the ruins of St. Mary's abbey, on the 

 outfide of Bootham-bar, was found a fmaJl buft in bronze. 

 In the environs of the city, particularly on the London 

 road, which follows the courfe of the ancient Roman way, 

 fepulchral urns of various kinds have been difcovered. Coins, 

 feals, fibulsE, and many other relics of Roman antiquity, are 

 abundantly found within and around the city. The coins 

 bear the names of all the emperors, from Auguftus to Gra- 

 tian. In 1807 a fmall vault of Roman conftruftion was 

 difcovered, four feet below the furface, on the outfide of 

 Micklegate-bar, containing a ftone coffin, with a human 

 (keleton entire, a lacrymatory, &c. In 1813 two large 

 M wone 



attended her to York, induced alfo to embrace the Chriftian 

 religion. PauUnus was confequently publicly appointed 

 bifliop, or, as fome fay, archbiihop of the renovated church 

 of York. The appointment was confirmed, and the new 

 prelate formally inverted with the enfigns of his office, by 

 pope Honorius. In former times, jealoufies and contefts 

 occafionsUy took place between the metropolitans of York 

 and Canterbury ; to appeafe which it was often neccffary to 

 appeal to the pope. Under the archbifhop of York are 

 placed the biihops of Durham, Chefter, Carlifle, and the Ifle 

 of Mann ; and he is ftyled in general primate and metro- 

 politan of England ; but the archbifcop of Canterbury 

 affumes the fame titles over sll England. At the coronation 

 the latter crowns the king ; but the queen has that ceremony 

 performed on her by the archbilhop of York. By the re- 

 moval of the feat of government to the fouthem parts of 

 the kingdom, and particularly after the Norman Conqueft, 

 the prelates of Canterbury and Winchefter, fituated near 

 the throne, foon acquired an afcendancy over their brothers 

 of York in political favour and power. Among the latter, 

 however, were many men of eminence in the hiftory of the 

 church and of the ftate. Wilfrid, appointed in 669, founded 

 the celebrated monaftery of Ripon. Egbert, the brother of 

 Eadbert, king of Northumberland, was the patron of Al- 

 cuin, the enlightened fecretary of Charlemagne. In 930 

 Wulftan was deprived for aiding Anloff, the Daniih king 

 of Northumberland, againft Edred of England. Aldred, 

 who fucceeded in 1060, was the laft prelate of the Saxon 

 race ; for dying in 1070, he was fucceeded by Thomas, a 

 Norman. Gerard, appointed in 1 100, as well as his pre- 

 deceflbr, refufed obedience to the fee of Canterbury ; but 

 pontifical authority compelled him to fubmit. Obedience 

 was again denied by Thurftan, who had been appointed 

 n II 14; but at lall he retired to a monaftery. In 1153 

 fucceeded William, afterwards canonized. Roger, fufpefted 

 of being privy to the death of Becket, was acquitted on his 

 oath of purgation. In 1 190 the fee was filled by Geoffrey 

 Vol. XXXIX. 



