YORK. 



Countiei TownfMp«. 



Brought up 372 

 Suffolk 9 



Sullivan 7 



Tioga 9 



Ulfter 15 



Warren.* 

 Wa(hington 2 1 

 WeftChefter 21 



Populaiiufi, 

 822,792 



6, 1 08 



7,?99 

 26,576 



Cliif f Towni. 



Riverhcad tp. 

 Thomfon tp. 

 Spencer tp. 

 Kingfton 



Salem 

 Bedford tp. 



1,711 

 1,300 

 3,128 



750 



280 



2.374 



45^ 959.049 



* Laid out fince the cenfus was taken. 



Putnam county was erefted in June 18 12, from the S. 

 end of Duchefs county, and is formed of the towns of 

 Phihps or Philipftown, Carmel, Frederick, Patterfon, and 

 South-Eaft. Courts are held in the Baptift meeting-houfe 

 in the town of Carmel, and this county fends one member 

 to the houfe of aflembly. The towns are, Carmel the chief, 

 including, in 1 8 10, 2020 inhabitants, the eleftors being 153 ; 

 Frederick, with 181 1 inhabitants, and 98 eleftors ; Pat- 

 terfon, with a population of 1446, and no eleftors ; 

 Philips, with 3129 perfons, and i65eleftors; and South- 

 Eaft, in which the population is 1887, and the number of 

 eleftors 161. 



Warren county was erefted from the N.W. extremity 

 of Wafhington, March 12, 1813. It comprifes the towns 

 of Bolton, Caldwell, Chefter, Hague, Johnfburgh, Luzerne, 

 Queenftjury, and Thurman, the laft of which is divided 

 into two towns, called Athol and Warrenburgh. The 

 chief town is Caldwell, with a population of 560 perfons, 

 and 60 eleftors ; Athol has 443 inhabitants, audits eleftors 

 are 20 ; Bolton has 726, and 30 eleftors ; Chefter 937, and 

 1 20 eleftors ; Hague 398, and 2 r eleftors ; Johnfburgh 

 6ji, and 82 eleftors; Luzerne 1015, and 85 eleftors; 

 Queenftjury 1948, and 197 eleftors ; and Warrenburgh 

 887, with 41 eleftors. 



The face of this ftate exhibits a great variety. To the 

 S.E. its furface is agreeably uneven ; in the middle, moun- 

 tainous ; to the N.W. undulating ; flat towards the lakes ; 

 and hilly towards the fouthern extremity. 



Oi the mountains in this ftate, the chain called Katfkill, 

 or Catflcill, is the largell and moft extenlive, and this pre- 

 fents a bifurcation of the Apallachian ridge, which at the 

 Highlands occupy a traft of about 16 miles in width, lying 

 obliquely acrofs the Hudfon, and penetrated by that river. 

 Thefe ridges preferving their general direftion ftretch acrofs 

 Duchefs county, the eaftern parts of Columbia and RenlFe- 

 laer counties, and exhibit fome lofty fummits. The Tau- 

 conick mountains are lofty and very rugged, and Hoofack 

 and WiUiamftown are mountains which deferve the appel- 

 lation. But the Catftierg or Catikill mountains prefent 

 fome fummits that are higher than any others of the Apalla- 

 chian chain, if we except the White-hills in New. Hamp- 

 (hire. At the Highlands, the fummit of Butter-hill is 

 1432 feet above the level of the river; that called the 

 Crow's-neft 1330; Bell-hill 1 391. About 60 miles N., the 

 Round-top is elevated 3655 feet above the level of the 

 river; the High-peak 3487. Thefe fummits are in Wind- 

 ham, Greene county, about 20 miles W. of Hudfon, and in 

 full view from that city. A turnpike-road which croffes 

 this range of mountains near thofe fummits, winds up till it 

 reaches the aftoniftiing altitude of 2274 feet. Upon this 

 fpot the view is inexpreflibly grand. The general altitude 

 of the Catlkill mountains may be eftimated at about 2000 

 to 3000 feet acrofs Greene county. From Greene they 



pafs into Schoharie county with ridges lefs rugged ; and 

 towards the fouthern part, their continuity is lefs diftinftly 

 defined. Until after forming the falls of the Mohawk, this 

 range traverfes Herkimer county, forming a rugged traft, 

 and diminidiing in altitude till they crofs the St. Lawrence 

 into Canada, at the Thoufand iflands. Thefe mountains 

 have obtained from the early Dutch inhabitants the name 

 of Helderberg, or clear mountain, prefenting, inftead of 

 lofty fummits of granitic and fchiftic mountains, an elevated 

 plain of confiderable and very uniform altitudes. Around 

 lake George, and to the W. of lake Champlain, we find 

 the Peruvian mountains, which furnifti the northern fources 

 of the Hudfon, and form the height of land that feparates 

 the waters of the Hudfon and St. Lawrence. The higheft 

 of thefe is probably that called White-face, which commands 

 a view of Montreal, at the diftance of near 80 miles. The 

 altitude of this fummit is little fhort of 3000 feet from the 

 level of lake Champlain. Thefe mountains obtained the 

 name of Peru from the French inhabitants, in allufion to 

 their fuppofed mineral treafures. With fome few excep- 

 tions, the whole country S. of the Highlands is underlaid 

 by rocks of granite, with fuperftrata of other rocks, which 

 appear in the elevated trafts. There are fome trafts of 

 hme-ftone and fome of fand-ftone, but thefe are fo incon- 

 fiderable in extent as to furnifh no objeftion againft deno- 

 minating this the granitic region. Some ranges of hills on 

 the W. of the Hudfon, compofed of fand-ftone, are under- 

 laid by granite ; and the Catflcill mountains are a mafs of 

 fand-ftone, fimilar to the Alleghany mountains in Pennlyl- 

 vania, intermixed with lime ; the Helderberg, with fome 

 particles of fand-ftone, occafionallyinterfperfed. N. andE. of 

 the Highlands the rocks are chiefly fchiftic that form the 

 fubftratum, while calcareous ridges of great extent occupy 

 the furface. The hills on the eaftern border of Columbia 

 and Renflellaer counties are formed chiefly of fragile fchif- 

 tus, intermixed with quartz, and occafional fuperftrata of 

 lime-ftone. On the eaftern declivities of thefe hills lime- 

 ftone predominates, forming the marble quarries of Stock- 

 bridge, Laneftjorough, &c. in Maflachufetts. The north- 

 weftern continuation of the Catiberg or Catikill prefents a 

 kind of calcareous granite, in which the abfence of the 

 felfpar is fupplied by primitive lime-ftone. The Peruvian 

 mountains are principally granitic, though ridges of lime- 

 ftone, flatc, flint, and fand-ftone, appear in conglomerate 

 maftes, and thefe are moft abundant in mineral treafures. 

 The whole level county of the fmall weftern lakes is cal- 

 careous. The Tauconick hills that border the fouth -eaftern 

 part of Columbia county are granitic. 



The rivfrs of this ftate are numerous and extenfive ; and 

 fo are its lakes and creeks. The Hudfon and the Mo- 

 hawk are the moft confiderable rivers, to which we may add 

 the Sacandaga, a branch of the Hudfon and Scroon rivers, 

 connefted with Scroon and Brant lakes. The creeks of 

 the Hudfon and Mohawk are numerous. The Sufque- 

 hanna rifes in this ftate ; and its weftern branch, the Tioga, 

 is a river of fome note, and claims diftinftion from feveral 

 creeks belonging to the former river. The Delaware, 

 which receives feveral rivers and creeks, forms a part of the 

 weftern boundary of New York ; and the Alleghany, a 

 principal branch of the Ohio, has its origin in this ftate, 

 and its creeks, large and fmall, are too numerous for our re- 

 cital. The Chatauqua lake difchargesitfelf into Connewongo 

 creek. The Cataraugus and Buffalo creeks run into lake 

 Erie ; Tonewanda and Ellicott's creeks into Niagara river, 

 forming a part of the weftern boundary of the ftate. Lake 

 Ontario, half of which is in this ftate, receives the Gencfee, 

 the Ofwego, and Black rivers, which convey into this lake 



the 



