Y O R 



tions of its original grandeur. The abbots of St. Mary's 

 and of Selby, both of the Benediftine order, were alone en- 

 titled to wear the mitre on the N. fide of Trent. But for 

 an account of thefe abbeys, and that of Whitby, the reader 

 is referred to the defcription of the feveral towns in which 

 they are fituated. Of fome others, erefted in detached 

 fituations, a few may be here noticed. About three miles 

 S.W. from Ripon are the magnificent and pifturefque 

 ruins of Fountain's abbey, of the Ciftercian order, founded 

 in 1 132 ; and fo named, not from any abundance of fprings 

 of water at the place, but from the village of Fontaines 

 in Burgundy, where St. Bernard, the great patron of the 

 order, was born. But the ftrufture, of which the remains 

 are fo great an ornament to the country, was commenced in 

 1 204. Built in the moft elegant ftyle of the ancient pointed 

 architefture, the tower and the walls of the church ftill 

 remain ; the roof only being ruined. The length of the 

 church was 351 feet, and that of the tranfept 186. The 

 great tower, Angularly fituated at the N. end of the tran- 

 fept, is in height 166 feet. The whole edifice may be con- 

 fidered as one ot the fined fpecimens of the fimple but ma- 

 jeftic ftyle of the time of Henry III. and his fuccefTor Ed- 

 ward I. The abbey now forms a peculiar ornament to the 

 celebrated grounds of Studley-Royal. On the N. bank 

 of the river Aire, three miles to the weft ward of Leeds, are 

 the remains of Kirkftal abbey, founded in 1 147, by a colony 

 of Ciftercian monks from Fountain's abbey. The venerable 

 remains of the Ciftercian abbey of Rieval, or Rievaulx, are 

 fituated in a valley, about three miles northwards from Dun- 

 combe. park, from which they appear with peculiar advan- 

 tage. Of the very ancient monaftery of Ripon no part now 

 exifts. The collegiate church, or minfter, ftill an interefting 

 edifice, was partly rebuilt in the middle of the 14th century. 

 Roche abbey, fituated near lord Scarborough's feat of Sand- 

 beck, in a deep narrow vale, is now reduced to a few arches, 

 and a portion of the nave. 



AuAoritks. — Monafticon Eboracenfe, or the Ecclefiaf- 

 tical Hiftory of Yorkfhire, by John Burton, M.D. F.S.A. 

 folio, 1758. Topographical Diftionary of Yorkfhire, by 

 Thomas Langdale, 8vo. 1809. Eboracum, or the Hiftory 

 and Antiquities of the City of York, by Francis Drake, 

 F.R.S. and F.S.A. folio, 1736. Hiftory of Cleveland, by 

 the Rev. John Graves, 4to. 1808. Hiftory and Antiqui- 

 ties of the Deanery of Craven, by T. D. Whitaker, LL.D. 

 F.S.A. 4to. 1812. General View of the Agriculture of 

 the North Ridmg of Yorkfhire, by Mr. Tuke, 4to. 1794. 

 Ditto of Eaft Riding, by Ifaac Latham, Efq. 8vo. 1794. 

 Ditto of Weft Riding, by Meflrs. Rennie, Brown, and 

 Sheriff, 8vo. 1794. 



Yorkshire Cows, in Rural Economy, a term fometimes 

 applied to a large fhort-horned breed of thefe cattle, which 

 afford much milk, but which is not of the moft rich kind, 

 and which are much produced on the fine paftures in that 

 diftrift. See Cow and L-ivz-StocL 



Yorkshire White, in Agriculture, a perennial grafs that 

 thrives well in moft fituations, and which grows very gene- 

 rally on all foils, except thofe that are of the moft barren 

 and dry qualities. It flowers in the middle of the fummer, 

 and is well calculated for fheep, as it anfwers uncommonly 

 ■well when clofely fed down. It is faid not to be much 

 relifhed by neat cattle, and confidered injurious to horfes, 

 which, in fome cafes, are fuppofed to become affefked with 

 a profufe difcharge of urine and general weaknefs in confe- 

 quence of the ufe of it. But fhould any hay, made from 

 this grafs, be accidentally given to thefe animals, and pro- 

 duce thefe effefts, an immediate change of the fodder will 



YOU 



prevent any further bad confequences. Its foliage Ts 

 rather foft and woolly. 



The proportional value which the grafs at the time the 

 feed is ripe bears to that at the time of flowering, is as 1 1 

 to 12. 



It is an ufeful fort of grafs in many cafes of laying land 

 down to pafture and other fuch purpofes. See HoLCUS 

 Lanatus. 



YO-SANPOO, in Geography. See Sakpoo. 



YO-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the firft rank, in 

 the province of Hou-ouang, fituated on the Yang-tfe river, 

 and on the Tong-ting lake. This lake, which refembles a 

 fea, is remarkable for the greatnefs of its circuit, which is 

 rnore than 210 miles ; for th*" qu^.iti^y of its water, efpe- 

 cially in certain feafons, in which the two great rivers of the 

 provinces Ivvellcd with rains, difcharge themfelves into it, 

 paffing out on the other fide fenfibly diminifhed ; and for its 

 aftonifhing quantity of fine fifh which are caught therein. 

 The great number of barks and merchandizes which are 

 brought thither render it one of the richeft cities in the 

 empire ; its diiliiSs contain one town of the fecond order, 

 and feven of the third ; fome on the eaft fide of the lake, 

 and others on the weft. The country round is every where 

 extremely fruitfLil, and full of different kinds of orange and 

 lemon trees ; 675 miles S. of Peking. N. lat. 29° 23'. 

 E. long. 1 12° 35'. 



YOUB, El, a town of Algiers j 50 miles S.W. of 

 Tremecen. 



YOUGH Glades, a poft-town of Maryland ; 173 

 miles N.W. of Wafhington. 



YOUGHAL, a fea-port, borough, and poft-town of the 

 county of Cork, Ireland, fituated at the mouth of the river 

 Blackwater, in the eaftern part of the county. Youghal is 

 an ancient corporation, and fends a member to the united 

 parliament. It is one of the towns belonging to the duke 

 of Devonfhire, as heir of the eldeft branch of the Boyle 

 family. It has a confiderable corn trade, and is much fre- 

 quented for bathing. There is a collegiate church, the 

 wardenfhip of which is united to the fee of Cloyne. 

 Youghal is 115 miles S.W. from Dublin, and 25 E. from 

 Cork. 



YOUHIOGENY, a river of America, which rifes m 

 the north part of Virginia, and runs into the Alleghany, at 

 Pittfburgh. 



YOVIS, a tovra of Africa, in the county of Whidah ; 

 9 miles E.N.E.. of Sabi. 



YOULE, a river of Madagafcar, which runs into the 

 fea on the weft coaft, S. lat. 20° 20'. E. long. 44° 40'. 



YOUNG, Edward, in Biography, a celebrated poet and 

 clergyman of the eftablifhed church, was born at his father's 

 living of Upham, in Hampfhire, in 1684, and removed from 

 Winchefter fchool to New college, in the univerfity of 

 Oxford in 1703, and afterwards to Corpus Chrifti college. 

 In 1 708 he obtained a law-fellowfhip at All Souls by the 

 patronage of archbifhop Tenifon, and at this time poetry 

 was the chief objeft of' his purfuit. His firft performance 

 in this department was " An Epiftle to Lord Lanfdown," 

 one of the twelve peers created at the fame time in 1712 ; 

 and this was followed in the next year by his " Laft Day," 

 to which he prefixed a dedication to queen Anne, extolling 

 the peace of Utrecht. From this circumftance he was re- 

 garded as a court -writer with a fixed ftipend, under which 

 charader Swift alludes to him in his " Rhapfody on 

 Poetry :" 



»' Where Y muft torture his invention 



To flatter knaves, or lofe his penfion." 



O 2 Hi» 



