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the Endeavour, who difcovered it in 1769. It forms the 

 fouth-welt point of Poverty bay. 



Young Point, a cape on the eaft corft of St. Vincent. 

 N. lat. 13" 12'. W. lonp. 6i°9'. 



Young'j IJland, a fmall ifland near the fouth coait ot the 

 idand of St. Vincent ; 2 miles S.E. of Kinjrfton bay. 



YOUNGE, Nicholas, in Mufica! Hi/lory, an Italian 

 merchant, the editor of "Muiica Tranfalpina," 1588 ; Ma- 

 drigales of four, five, and fixe parts, chofen out of divers 

 excellent Authours ; with the firft and fecond part of La 

 Virginella, made by Maifter Bird upon two Stanzas of 

 Ariofto, and brought to fpeak Englilh with the reft. The 

 editor having opportunities of obtaining from his correfpond- 

 ents the newell and beft compolitions fron-> the continent, had 

 them frequently performed at his houfe, for the entertain- 

 ment of his mufical friends. 



The fecond collection of the fame kind was publifhcd by 

 the fame editor in 1597 ; in which, among others, there are 

 three madrigals by Crou, three by Luca Marenzio, and fix 

 bvthe elder Ferrabofco. Thefe two colleftions being feleSed 

 from the works of Paleftrina, Luca Marenzio, and other 

 celebrated mailers on the continent, feem to have given birth 

 to that pafiion for madrigals which became fo prevalent 

 among us afterwards, and which the compolers of our own 

 country endeavoured with fuch zeal to gratify. 



If allowance be made for the wretched ftate of lyric 

 poetry in England at the time the madrigals publiflied in 

 Younge's two coUedlions were tranflated, which was long 

 before the publication of the fonnets of Spenfer or Shak- 

 fpeare, the undertaking feems to have been tolerably exe- 

 cuted. Indeed, fometimes with fuch care and felicity as to 

 transfufe the expreffion of the original words into that of the 

 verfion. The Italians themfelves, at this time, had but 

 little melody or rhyme in their mufic ; but their poetry 

 having been long cultivated, and brought to a much greater 

 degree of perfeftion than ours could then boaft, it indicated 

 to the mufical compofer traits of melody, more airy and 

 marked, perhaps, than we could derive from the profody or 

 phrafeology of our own language. The tranflator of thefe 

 niadrigals, whoever he was, for the editor does not tell us, 

 feems in general to have imitated the original Italian mea- 

 fure and ftrufture of verfe, as well as ideas ; and though 

 they abound with concetti, to which not only Italian poets, 

 but thofe of all the reft of Europe were then fo much ad- 

 difted, the general tafte of the times was indulged in poetry 

 as well as mufic, and metre and melody were at once fur- 

 nifiied with new models. 



However, the perpetual double rhymes in Italian madri- 

 gals and fonnets have fo much diftreffed our tranflator to 

 fupply them in Englilh, that, as the prefervatinn of the 

 original mufic obhged him to render his verfion toiidem fylla- 

 bis, his embarraffments on this account are fometimes truly 

 ridiculous. It feems as if the conftant double rhymes in 

 Italian poetry, which throw the accent on the penultima, in- 

 ftead of the final fyllable, of a verfe, gave a pecuhar caft to 

 the melody in which it is clothed, and rendered it fpecifically 

 different from that of EngUfh fongs, in which but few 

 double rhymes occur. The conftant and regular mixture of 

 mafculiap-aii3 feminine rhymes in French poetry may like- 

 wife have had a latent effeft on the vocal melody of France, 

 different from that of the other two neighbouring nations. 

 But, after mentioning thefe fufpicions, we Ihall leave the fur- 

 ther inveftigation of fo fubtle a fubjed to philofophers, not 

 only poffeffed of the neceflary knowledge, but an equal 

 zeal for the cultivation of philology, poetry, and mufic. 

 No. 7, in Younge's fecond publication of Itahan madrigals 

 Engliftied, in which the old Saxon termination of the prefent 



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tenfe of the indicative mood of our verbs is conveniently 

 preferved, was doubtlcfs not thought the worll, as it is ap- 

 plied to feveral compofitions in the colleftion. 



" In vayne he feeks for beauty that excelleth, 



That hath not fene hir eyes where love fejorneth, 

 How fweetly here and there the fame (he turneth. 



He knows not how love heateth, and he quelleth. 



That knows not how flie fighes, and fweet beguileth. 

 And how ftie fweetly fpeakes, and fweetly fmileth." 



Thefe madrigals were celebrated, nearly forty years after 

 their publication, by Peacham, who has pointed out the pe- 

 culiar excellence of feveral, particularly thofe of Luca Ma- 

 renzio, which, he fays, " are fongs the mufes themfelves 

 might not have been afhamed to have compofed ;" and of 

 thofe by Alfonfo Ferrabofco, the father, he fays, " they 

 cannot be bettered for fweetnefs of ayre and depth of judg- 

 ment." Upon the ditty (words) of one of thefe, " I faw 

 my Ladie weeping," (he fays) Matter Byrd and Alfonfo, 

 in a friendly emulation, exercifed their invention." The 

 words of the Nightingale, and Fay re Sufanna, were fo 

 much admired, that they feem to have been fet by all the beft 

 compofers of the times. A few lines of each will perhaps 

 convey to the reader an adequate idea of the poetical beauty 

 of thefe favourite fongs. 



The Nightingale. 



" But my poore hart with forrowes over-f welling, 

 Through bondage vyle, binding my freedom fhort, 



No pleafure takes in thefe his fports excelling. 

 Nor of his fong receiveth no comfort." 



Fayre Sufanna. 



" To them flie fayd, if I, by craft procur'd, 

 Do yeld to you my body to abufe it, 

 I lofe my foule ; and if I ftiall refufe it, 



You will me judge to death reproachfully. 

 But better it is in innocence to chufe it, 



Then by my fault t'offend my God on hye." 



Indeed, in more than twenty fets, publifhed between the 

 ycar« 1588 and 1624, during a period of near forty years, 

 including almoft four hundred and fifty madrigals and fongs 

 in parts, it would be difficult to find any one of which the 

 words can be perufed with pleafure. The fonnets of Spen- 

 fer aiid Shakfpeare, many of which are worthy of their au- 

 thors, were indeed not publifhed till about the end of the 

 fixteenth century ; but afterwards, it is wonderful, that, 

 except one by Shakfpeare, none of them were fet by our 

 beft mufical compofers of their time. 



YOUNGOULE, la Geography, a fea-port town, on the 

 weft ccaft of the ifland of Madagafcar. S. lat. 23° 30'. 

 E. long. 47'' 4'. 



YOUNGSTOWN, a townftiip of the ftate of Ohio, in 

 the county of Trumbull, with 773 inhabitants ; 66 miles 

 N. of Pittftjurgh. 



YouNGSTOWN, an inconfiderable fettlement called a vil- 

 lage in Cambria, Niagara county, and ftate of New York, 

 1 mile from Fort Niagara, and 6 from Lewifton, containing 

 about fix or eight houfes. 



YOUNKERS, among Sailors, are the younger h\\oTS, 

 otherwife called foremajl-men ; whofe bufinels is to take in 

 the top-fails, furl the fails, fling the yards, &c. 



YOU RE, in Geography. See Ure. 



YOURI, a town of Afffta, in the kingdom of Cafhna. 

 N. lat. 16° ij'. E. long. 11° 2'. 



YOUTH, 



