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YOUTH, AdoUfcence. See Age and Adolescence. 



The renovation of youth has been much fought after by 

 chemical adepts ; and many of them pretended to various 

 fecrets for this purpofe : but unluckily the death of the pre- 

 tenders proved a fufficient refutation of their doftrine. Pa- 

 raeelfus talks of the mighty things he could do with his 

 ens pr'imum ; and even Mr. Boyle tells us fome ftrange 

 things about the ens primum of balm. ( Boyle's Works abr. 

 Yol. i. p. 75.) But Mr. Boyle gives thefe wonderful 

 ftories on the credit of a French chemift, and not on his 

 own. 



Youth, Ju-ventus, or Juventas, in the Pagan Theology, a 

 goddefs worfhipped among the Romans, viho, together 

 with the gods Mars and Terminus, kept her place in the 

 Capitol along with .Tupiter, when the other deities were 

 turned out : whence the Romans drew a lucky omen for 

 the duraUenefs of their empire. Mem. Acad. Infcrip. 

 vol. i. p. 71. feq. 



This ftate of life was, by the ancients, compared to 

 autumn. In which fenfe, Horace fpeakingof one approach- 

 ing to puberty, fays, 



■ Jam tibi lividos 



Diftinguet autumnus racemos, 

 Purpureo vanus colore." 



The modems, on the contrary, when they fpeak of one in 

 the autumn of his age, mean one that is upon the decline ; 

 and choofe rather to ufe the comparifoii of the fpring, to 

 denote youth. 



YOWRY, in Geography, a fmall iflaud in the Eaft 

 Indian fea, near the north coaft of New Guinea, on which 

 a nutmeg-tree was found growing by captain Forreft. 

 S. lat. 15'. E. long. 130° 45'. 



YPAWA, a river of Bohemia, which runs into the 

 Elbe, near its fource. 



YPERLEE, a river of France, which rifes near Ypres, 

 and runs into the canal of Nieuport. 



YPOLOTE, a town on the E. coaft of the ifland of 

 Paraguay. N. lat. 8= 46'. E. long. 118° 21'. 



YPRES, or IpRES, a city of France, in the department 

 of the Lys, fituated on the river Ypcrlee, from whence it 

 takes its name. Before the year 800, it was only a chateau, 

 which was facked and ruined by the Normans. Baldwin III. 

 comte of Flanders, repaired the chateau, and built a town 

 about the year 960, which was afterwards enlarged by 

 Thierry, comte of Flanders, and Ferrand, the fon of San- 

 chez, king of Portugal. In the year 1325, the inhabitants 

 revolted with moft part of the neighbouring towns againft 

 Louis de Nevers, comte of Flanders, and pulled down the 

 old wall to build a new one, in which they inclofed the 

 fauxbourgs, which had become fo extremely populous, 

 from weavers and other tradefpeople, that in the year 1242, 

 the number of perfons amounted to 200,000. In the 14th 

 century, the inhabitants of Ypres, for the moft part weavers, 

 were exceedingly troublefome to their neighbours, being 

 unwilling that any people (hould carry on trade befides 

 themfelves. In the year 1383, the rebels of Ghent, aflifted 

 by the Englifti, under the command of the biftiop of Nor- 

 wich, befieged this town with great vigour for fix weeks, 

 but were compelled to retire ; and the Enghfh being obliged 

 to quit Flanders, Philip the Hardy, duke of Burgundy, 

 havmg become mafter by a marriage with the heirefs of 

 the late comte Louis, enlarged it, and furrounded it with 

 walls. It was erefted into a bifhopric under the arch- 

 bifhop of Malines, by pope Paul IV. in the year 1559. 

 The town-houfe is a very large building, forming a fquare, 

 and is faid to have been built by the Englifti, 600 feet 



10 



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in front ; it has a very handfome tower, in which were 

 kept their pubhc archives from the year 1342. Befides 

 the cathedral, it has feveral other churches, and fome re- 

 ligious houfes. The inhabitants carried on formerly a 

 great trade in woollen cloth, but by the feverity of the 

 duke of Alva, the principal manufafturers were driven to 

 England, from which time that branch of trade declined. 

 At this time they carry on a confiderable manufafture of 

 Imen of excellent fabric ; 4 miles N.W. of Lifle. N. lat. 

 50° 48'. E. long. 2° 53'. 



YPSILOIDES, i-liKoulri;, in Anatomy, the third genuine 

 future of the cranium ; thus called from its refembling a 

 Greek J, or upfilon. 



Some alfo call it XafxCco-i^,,,-, lamhdoides. 



There is alfo a bone at the root of the tongue, called 

 ypfiloides, and hyoides. See Hyoides. 



YQUETAYA, in Natural Hiflory, a plant growing in 

 Brafil, long ufed as a medicine in that country ; and lately 

 difcovered to the Europeans by a French furgeon. 



It has been fince found in France ; where, being culti- 

 vated and examined by Marchant, it appears to be no 

 other than the common water-betony, or fcrophularia 

 aquatica. 



It has this remarkable property, that it takes away from 

 fena all its ill tafte and fmell ; which property of correfting 

 the infufion of fena was before wholly unknown. 



To ufe this plant, it muft be dried ten or twelve days in 

 the fhade, and afterwards expofed to the fun, till quite 

 dry. 



YRAME, in Geography, a town of Arabia, in the pro- 

 vince of Yemen ; loo miles N.N.E of Aden. 



YRIARTE, Don John de, in Biography, was bom in 

 the Ifle of Teneriffe in 1702, and having completed his 

 education at Paris and Rouen, fettled at Madrid ; where he 

 occupied feveral literary offices, and particularly that of 

 librarian to the king. His life terminated, to the regret of 

 thofe who knew his worth, in 177 1. Among his learned 

 works, the principal are, " Paljeographia Grseca," 4to. ; 

 " Mifcellaneous Pieces in Spanifh, with Latin Poems," 

 2 vols. 4to. ; " A Catalogue of Greek MSS. in the Royal 

 Library;" and "A Catalogue of Arabic MSS. in the 

 Efcurial," 2 vols. fol. Nouv. Did. Hift. 



YROUER, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 p.vtment of the Yonne ; 5 miles S. of Tonnerre. 



YRSEE Abbey, a princely abbey of Germany, in the 

 circle of Swabia, founded in the year 1182. The territory 

 includes the village of Yrfee, and feven others. In 1802, 

 this abbey was given among the indemnities to the eleftor 

 of Bavaria ; 3 miles N.W. of Kaufbeuren. 



YRVILLAC, a town of France, in the department 

 of the Finifterre : 3 miles S. of Landerneau. 



YRUN, a town of Spain, in Guipufcoa ; 2 miles S 

 of Fontarabia. 



YRVON, a river of Wales, in the county of Brecknock, 

 which runs into the Wye, at Builth. 



YS, in Ichthyology, a name given by Athenseus, and fome 

 other of the Greek writers, to the fifti called mus and fus 

 by others. It is the caprifcus of later writers. See 

 GoAT-FiJh. 



YSAMBRA, a word ufed by fome as a name for helle- 

 bore, and by others to exprefs a fpecies of poifon prepared 

 in Spain, of which hellebore is an ingredient. 

 ■ YSARD, in Zoology, a name given to the chamois. 



YSCHE, in Geography, a river of France, which runs 

 into the Dyle, 6 miles S. of Louvain. 



YSENDYCK, or Isendyck, a town and fortrefs of 

 Flanders, fituated on the fide or arm of the Scheldt, called 



tlie 



