Z A C 



}iim rank among tlie greatea of the popes, and having efta- 

 bhflied an ettimable charaaer by his hberality to the poor, 

 and by his munificence in public works, died in 752, in the 

 nth year of his pontificate. Some of his decrees and 

 epiftles, and alfo his trannation of the dialogues ot bt. Urc- 

 .rory from Latin into Greek, are extant. B»«;er. . 



ZACHAROVA, in Geography, a fort "f l<^"l''i. "' tl'e 

 government of Irkutfl^ ; 32 miles N.N-E of Ivirenflo 



ZACHAU, a town of Brandenburg, m the Middle 

 Mark ; 10 miles E. of Brandenburg. _ 



ZACHAW, Frederic WiLHELM, m Biography, zn 

 able mufician and organift at Halle, in Saxony, was born at 

 Leipfic in 1665. He had <he honour and good fortune 

 to have Handel for his fcholar He is Ml celebrated by 

 the Germans as a mailer, who had ettabliihed an admirable 

 fchool of mufic at Halle, and as one who was deeply flciUed 

 in all the arcana of compofition and performance. 



ZACHEO, or Desechio, in Geography, a fmall illand in 

 the Weft Indies, between Hifpaniola and Porto Rico ; 

 about 27 miles N.E. of Moiia. 



ZACHTLEVEN, Cornelius, in Biography, was born 

 at Rotterd.-im in 1 606, and became an admirable painter of 

 fcenes of humour, imitating the ftyle of Bronwer ; but in 

 fubjefts of a more fober defcription, which he alfo painted, 

 fuch as farm-houfes, kitchens, and the recreations of vil- 

 lagers, &c. he chofe the more light and agreeable ftyle of 

 Teniers for his model ; and in that ftyle attempted to em- 

 body the fame defcription of perfons and compofitions. In 

 neither, however, of his imitations did he attain an equal 

 degree of fpirit or of truth with his prototypes. His 

 works are well compofed, and the touch with which they 

 are executed is bold and free ; they are not often met with, 

 but are thought deferving of a place in the beft coUeftions. 



Zachtlevex, Hr.RMAN, vyas the younger brother of 

 Cornehus, and was born at Rotterdam in 1609. He is 

 faid to have been the pupil of Van Goyen, but did not 

 follow the ftyle of that mafter. His principal occupation 

 appears to have been in painting views of the banks of the 

 Rhine and the Meufe. Thefe he executed in a very neat 

 manner, but with a mean and common-place ftyle of feleftion 

 and imitation. The tones and hues of his piftures are 

 generally cold, but frefti ; and as he appears to have had 

 great knowledge of aerial perfpeclive, his diftances are well 

 preferved ; and the forms drawn with great care and minute- 

 nefs. He never left Flanders, though it lias been aflerted 

 that he went to Italy. His drawings are numerous, and 

 are carefully preferved in the beft collection 5. He died in 

 1 68 J, aged 76. Both he and his brother Cornelius em- 

 ployed the etching-needle, and left feveral neatly executed 

 plates, from defigns of their own. 



ZACINTHA, in Botany, whether fo called by Mat- 

 thiolus, the author of the name, becaufe this plant was 

 originally found in the ifle of Zante, or for what other reafon, 



does not appear Matth. Valgr. v. i. 457. t.460. Schreb. 



Gen. 534. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 1624. Ait. Hon. Kew. 

 V. 4. 468. Sm. Prodr. Fl. Grsc. Sibth. v. 2. 145. Tourn. 

 t. 269. Poiret in Lamarck v. 8. 831. Gaertn. t. 157. — 

 Clafs and order, Syngcnefia Polygamia-iequalis. Nat. Ord. 

 Compoftta-femiflofcutufci, Linn. Clchoracere, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Common Calyx double : the outermojl ftiort, 

 ereft, of feveral lanceolate leaves, membranous at the edges ; 

 innermojl larger, fimple, furrowed, of eight permanent, li- 

 near, acute, converging leaves ; at length fwcUing and very 

 prominent at the bafe. Cor. compound, imbricated, uni- 

 form : florets equal, perfeft, of one petal, ligulate, linear, 

 abrupt, with five teeth. Stam. Filaments five, capillary, 

 very (hort ; anthers united into a cylindrical tube. Pijl. 



Z A C 



Germen ovate-oblong ; ftyle thread-ftiaped, the length of 

 the ftamens ; ihgmas two, reflexed. Perk, none, except 

 the interior calyx, which becomes woody, clofed, deprefled, 

 with a point, having eight rounded protuberant angles, 

 each fcale enfolding one of the marginal feeds. Seeds foH- 

 tary to each floret ; the marginal ones ovate-oblong, in- 

 curved, comprefTed at the fides, gibbous at the back, taper- 

 ing below, llriated ; longitudinally channelled, and villous, 

 in front ; central ones oblong, [lightly incurved, quadran- 

 gular, comprefled at the back, Itriated, fmooth. Down 

 felllle, fomewhat feathery. Recept. naked. 



EIT. Ch. Receptacle naked. Seeds of the circumference 

 incurved ; of the centre ftraight. Down very (hort, finely 

 feathery. Outer calyx membranous ; inner with eight pro- 

 tuberances. 



I. Z. verrucofa. Warty Zacintha. Gaertn. v. 2. 358. 

 WiUd. n. I. Ait. n. I. Sm. Fl. Gr-ec. Sibth. t. 820, 

 unpublilhed. (Lapfana Zacintha; Linn. Sp. PI. 1141. 

 Cichorium verrucatum, Zacintha ; Cluf. Hift. v. 2. 144. 

 C. verrucarium ; Ger. Em. 289.) — Native of Italy, Crete, 

 Lemnos, and Zante, as well as of mount Athos. Sibthorp. 

 The root of this, the only known fpecies, is annual. Stems 

 fomewhat leafy, round, fmooth, branched and forked, 

 fpreading, from a fpan to eighteen inches high. Leaves 

 runcinate, fmooth ; the radical ones largeft and moft nume- 

 rous. Flowers yellow, fmall. The fwelling part of the 

 calyx, after flowering, aifumes a purple colour. See Lap- 



SANA and RllAGADIOLUS. • 



ZACO, in Geography, a territory which probably be- 

 longed to the province of Adiabene, and was generally 

 comprehended between the Tigris and the Caprus, or 

 Little Zab. The ridges or mountains of Zaco are a part 

 of the Kurdiftan region, on which was tlie road along the 

 Tigris, between Moful and Jezirah. Thefe ridges were 

 lofty, fteep, and rocky, and the path rugged and difficult 

 of afcent. It was part of the road of the io,coo Greeks 

 in their retreat. The prefent town of Zaco ftands near 

 the northern part of the ridge, denominated from it ; and 

 it IS the moft confiderable place that occurs between Moful 

 and Jezirah ; and is furrounded by a fertile diftrift, which 

 produces a great variety of excellent fruits. Zaco ftands 

 in an ifland of the river Kurnib, which defcends from the 

 Kurdiftan or Carduchian mountains, and falls into the 

 Tigris, a few miles below the town. 



ZACONDA, a town of Africa, in the country of Ante, 

 where the Dutch built a fort. It was a confiderable town 

 at one time, till in a war between the people of Ante and 

 Adom, it was burnt down by the latter ; fince which it has 

 never been thoroughly repaired. 



ZACUTO, or Zacutus Lusitaxus, in Biography, a 

 phyfician, was born at Lifbon in 1575, and educated at Sala- 

 manca and Coimbra. In his 2Cth year he took the degree 

 of doftor, and fettling in his native city, pradiifed witli re- 

 putation for thirty years. As he was a defcendant of 

 .lewilh parents, his dread of the Inquifition, after the edift 

 of Philip IV. againft the Jevps was idued in 1625, induced 

 him to retire to Holland, Afhere he openly profefled the 

 religion of his family, and maintained a charafter highly 

 refpeftable, both in his profefTion as a phyfician, and in his 

 moral conduft. He died at Amfterdam in the year 1642 ; 

 and left- behind him a colleftion of works, amounting to 

 2 vols. fol. The principal of his works are, " De Medi- 

 corum Principum Hiftoria," lib. vi. in which he approves 

 himfelf a ftrenuous advocate of Galen and the Greek phy- 

 ficians ; " Praxis Hiftoriarum Morborum," lib. v. ; and 

 " Praxis Medica adrairanda," hb. iii. In all his works he 

 blends acutenefs of obfervation with a certain degree of 



fuperftitious 



