Z ML 



fuperltitious credulity ; but they are neverthelefs confuited 

 and quoted. Haller. Eloy. 



ZACYNTHUS, in Ancient Geography, an ifland of the 

 Ionian fea, W. of that part of the Peloponriefus on which 

 is the Sinus Chelonitis. It is now called Xante. Strabo 

 makes its compafs i6o ftadia. It had many forts, and 

 was very fertile. In this ifle was a town of the fame name, 

 fituated in the eaftern part, with a citadel. According to 

 Dionyfius of HahcarnafTus, it derived its name from Zacyn- 

 thus, fon of Dardanus, who, accompanied by a number 

 of Phrygians, fettled here. According to Thucydides, the 

 tirft Greeks known in this ifland were Achsans, who came 

 hither from Achaia. It paffed under the dominion of 

 Phihp, king of Macedon, who furrendered it to Amynander, 

 king of the Athamanes, who confided the government of it 

 to Philip of Megalopolis, by whom it was transferred to 

 Hierocles of Sicily. After the defeat of Antiochus at 

 Thermopylx, Hierocles fold it to the Achsans. Livy fays, 

 that the town and citadel were affaulted and captured by 

 Levinus ; and Paufanias informs us that it was called 

 Pfophis. According to Scylax it had one port ; and Piiny 

 fays that it was very fertile, and that its port was named 

 Hyrie ; but P. Mela ditlinguifhes Hyrie from Zacynthus. 

 Zacynthus, a town of Africa, in Libya. Steph. Byz. 

 Zacynthus, an epithet ufed by the ancients to a 

 liquid bitumen, from the ifland 2ante. 



ZAD, in Geography, a name given to the Niger of 

 Africa, in Bornou, which is defcribed in Horneman's Jour- 

 nal as flomng eaftwards. Its breadth was given to him for 

 one mile, and he was told that it flowed towards the 

 Egyptian Nile, through the land of the heathens. The 

 courle here given is direftly towards the Congo ; and 

 it is faid, that Zad is the name of the Congo at its mouth, 

 and it is the name of the Congo for at leaft 650 miles 

 inland. 



ZADADRUS, in Ancient Geography, a river of India, 

 on this fide of the Ganges ; which received the waters of 

 the Hypafis and Adris, according to Ptolemy. 



ZADAN, in Geography, a town on the weft coaft of 

 the ifland of Celebes. S. lat. 2° 55'. E. long. 119° 9'. 



ZADAON, a river of Portugal, which runs into the 

 Atlantic, near Setuval. 



ZADELSDORF, a town of Saxony, in the circle of 

 Neuftadt ; 3 miles S.S.E. of Auma. 



ZADONZK, a town of Ruflia, in the government of 

 Voronez, on the Don ; 92 miles N. of Voronez. N. lat. 

 53° 4'. E. long. 39° 14'. 



ZADRACARTA, in Ancitnt Geography, a very large 

 town of Afia, the capital of Hyrcania, according to 

 Arrian. 



ZAD RAMA, a town of Arabia Felix, the capital of 

 the Cinxdocolpites. Steph. Byz. 



ZADRAN, in Geography. See Hatvaxy. 

 ZADRIS, in Ancient Geography, a town of Afia, in the 

 interior of the Colchide. Ptol. 



ZADURA, in the Materia Medica of the ancients, a 

 name given to a foreign root, which was round and fmooth, 

 and of the colour of ginger. 



It was at that time imported from the Indies, and greatly 

 efteemed in peftilential cafes. 



Z^A, or Zea, in Ancient Geography, a very ancient 

 town of Greece, in Boeotia. Steph. Byz. 



ZiETIA, or Zetia, a town of Arcadia, N. of Mega- 

 lopolis. It had two temples, one of Ceres, another of 

 Diana. 



ZjEZAR, in Geography, a town of Spain, in the pro- 

 vince of Murcia; 22 miles N.W. of Murcia. 



Z A F 



ZAFANIN, a town of Fez, near the coaa of the 

 Mediterranean ; 35 miles S.E. of Melilla. 



ZAFARANBOLI, a town of Natolia; 28 miles S of 

 Amafieh. 



ZAFFABEN, a word ufed by feme of the chemical 

 writers to exprefs putty. 



Z AFFE Ibrahim, in Geography, a town on the eaft coaft 

 of Madagafcar. S. lat. 17°. 



ZAFFER, Zaffre, or Saffre, in Chemijlry, is the re- 

 hduum of cobalt, after the fulphur, arfenic, and other vola- 

 tile matters of this mineral have been expelled by calcina- 

 tion : fo that it is a kind of calx or oxyd of cobalt, mixed 

 with a portion of filiceous matter, of a grey or reddifh co- 

 lour ; in which ftate it is imported from Saxony. It is 

 ufed to produce a very fine blue colour, when it is melted 

 with fufible and vitrifiable matters. 



The blue colour produced by the vitrification of zaffer 

 proceeds from the earth or calx of a femi-metallic fub- 

 ilance contained in cobalt, called by cheraifts regulus of co- 

 balt. This is proved by melting zaffer with a reducing 

 flux, like any other roafted ore, by which means the regu- 

 lus will be obtained. The fcoria in this fufion has alfo a 

 blue colour, proceeding from a portion of the calx of the 

 regulus that is not reduced, but is vitrified together with' 

 the fcoria. The calx, therefore, or metallic earth of the 

 regulus of cobalt, is the fole caufe of the blue colour pro- 

 duced by zaffer. 



But as this is contained in cobalt in various quantities, 

 fome zaffers produce more blue than others. The hetero- 

 geneous fixed matters contained in cobalts contribute, ac- 

 cording to their quantity, not only to the greater or lefs in- 

 tenfity of the blue colour, but alfo to its lulLre and beauty ; 

 and, therefore, thofe who manufafture zaffer from cobalt 

 make frequent effays of the roafted ore, by mixing it with 

 vitreous matters, in order to difcover the intenfity and beauty 

 of the blue colour. 



Good cobalt calcined would form too deep a blue, and 

 almoft a black glafs, if it were not previoufly mixed with a 

 certain quantity of vitreous frit. In the manufafture of 

 zaffer, therefore, the calx of cobalt, the ftrength of which 

 has been determined by previous effays, is mixed with fuch 

 a quantity of fand, or of powdered flints and quartz, that 

 with the addition of fome fahne flux, a deep blue glafs may 

 be formed. See Cobalt. 



The zaffer that is commonly fold, and which comes from 

 Saxony, is a mixture of oxyd of cobalt with fome vitrifiable 

 earth : it is of a grey colour, and fome zaffers are clearer 

 than others, according to the intenfity of the colour which 

 they are capable of producing. 



Zaffer is employed in the manufafture of pottery and of 

 porcelain, for painting the fucface of the pieces of ware, 

 upon which it is applied, together with fome faline flux, 

 previoufly to the baking or glazing, that the fame fire may 

 vitrify this colouring material. 



The blue of zaffer is the moft folid and fixed of all the 

 colours that can be employed in vitrification ; it fuffers no 

 change from the moft violent fire. It is fuccefifully em- 

 ployed to give fliades of blue to enamels, and to the cryftal 

 glafles made in imitation of fome opaque and tranfparent 

 precious ftones, as the lapis lazuli, the turquois, the fap^ 

 phire, and others of this kind. 



To prepare zaffer for ufe in the glafs-trade, put it in 

 grofs pieces into earthen pans, and let it ftand half a day 

 in the furnace ; then put it into an iron ladle to be heated 

 red-hot in the furnace ; take it out while thus hot, and 

 fprinkle it with ftrong vinegar : and when cold, grind it on 

 a porphyry to an impalpable powder, then throw this into 

 '^ ^ "^ water 



