Z A M 



politer, wasliom at Cordova in 1599. He was a difciple of 

 Paolo de Cefpedes, and was a fuccefsful follower of the ilyle 

 of that mailer. His principal works are in the cathedral at 

 Cordova, and in the church of the convent of Los Mar- 

 tyros, where he painted two altar-pieces, reprefenting the 

 ftoning of St. Stephen, and the martyrdom of St. Acifclo 

 and St. Vidoria. In the colegio di Santa Catalma is a 

 fine pifture by him of a guardian ang^el, and a St. Chrifto- 

 pher, which Palomino defcribes as defigned in tlie great 

 flyle of M. Angelo. He pafTed the latter part of his life at 

 Seville, where he painted feveral altar-pieces for the church 

 of St. Bafil, and died in that city in 1639, at the age 



of 40. 



ZAMBROKRI, in Geography, a town of Hungary; 

 14 miles S.W. of Rofenberg. 



ZAMBROW, a town of the duchy of Warfaw ; 80 

 miles N.E. of Warfaw. 



ZAMECH, a name given by fome writers to the lapis 

 lazuli. 



ZAMETUS, in Ancient Geography, a mountain of 

 Arabia Felix. Ptol. 



ZAMFARA, or Zanfara, in Geography, a town of 

 Africa, and capital of a kingdom of the fame name ; 170 

 miles E.N.E. of Wangara. N. lat. 18° 20'. E. long. 

 16° is'- 



ZAMIA, in Botany, from ^ifna, damage, or lofs. This 

 name, which firft occurs, as the appellation of a genus, in 

 the Gen. PL ed. 6. of Linnsus, is taken from Pliny, who 

 ufes it for fuch cones of the fir as " fplit while they are 

 upon the tree," and, as he fays, " require to be taken off, 

 that they may not injure the reft." This (hould feem to 

 apply to the male catkins, however falfe the phyiiology of 

 Pliny, and the praftice founded upon it, may be. Our 

 Zamia anfwers to his, merely in the cone-like form of its 

 fruftification, which, being male on one plant, and female 

 on another, exhibits in the former the appearance of lofs, 

 or fterility, like the male catkins of the fir. — Linn. Gen. 

 574. Suppl. 68. Schreb. Gen. 778. Willd. Sp. PL 

 T. 4. 845. Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew. 

 V. 5. 410. Brown Prodr. Nov. HoU. v. I. 348. Purfli 

 648. JulT. 16. Poiret in Lamarck Dift. V. 8. 831. La- 

 marck Illuftr. t. 892. Gnsrtn. t. 3. — Clafs and order, 

 Dioecia Polyandria. Nat. Ord. Filires, Linn. JufT. Cy- 

 cadeit, Perfoon, Brown. 



Gen. Ch. Male, Cal. Catkin ovate, teflellated-fealcs 

 horizontal, obtufe, thickened towards the end, permanent. 

 Cor. none. Stam. Filaments none ; anthers numerous, 

 feflile, crowded on the under fide of each fcale, efpecially 

 towards the extremity, elliptical, fmooth, of two valves and 

 one cell, fplitting lengthwife. 



Female, Cal. Catkin ovate, teflellated : fcales horizontal, 

 obtufe, more or lefs peltate, permanent. Cor. none. Pijl. 

 Germens two, oval, feflile, horizontal, inflexed, on the under 

 fide of each fcale, near the extremity ; ftyle very fhort, 

 fomewhat conical ; ftigma obtufe, undivided, pervious. 

 Perk. Drupa roundifh, fomewhat angular, of one cell. 

 Nut hard, roundifh or elliptical, of one cell. 



EfT. Ch. Male, Catkin teflellated. Scales abrupt. An- 

 thers oval, feflile at the under fide of each fcale. Female, 

 Catkin teflellated. Scales peltate. Drupas two, at the 

 under fide of each fcale. 



Obf. Mr. Brown, to whom we are obliged for the 

 remark of the fl;yle being finally pervious, records an idea 

 of the late Mr. Dryander, that the American Zamia, which 

 conftitute the original genus, having more perfeftly peltate 

 fcales to the male catkin, and the anthers aflembled in two 

 diftinft mafles might poffibly form a diftindt genus from 



Z A M 



the Cape and Now Holland fpecies ; more efpecially as in 

 thefe American plants, the leajlets are each manifeftly arti- 

 culated with a projeftion from the main rib of the leaf ; 

 whereas in the others they are either very obfcurely jointed, 

 or perfeftly decurrent. We conceive, however, that they 

 all together compofe a very diftinft genus, which cannot, 

 without violence to nature, be divided. It is nearell akin 

 to Cycas, but differs eflenti.illy in the female part of the 

 fruftification being a catkin, whofe fcales bear two germens 

 underneath; inftead of an aflemblage oi fronds, or leafy 

 receptacles, bearing an indeterminate number upon their 

 margins. The herbage is perennial, generally without v. 

 Jlem. Leaves abruptly pinnate, Angularly hard, rigid, and 

 often fpinous ; r,irely lobed. Catiiiu radical, italked. 



It being extremely difficult to obtain and to compare 

 good fpecimens of the difl^erent fpecies, as well as to~ deleft 

 and define their eflcntial charafters, authors have not very 

 clearly defcribed them. Jacquin has publiilied magnificent 

 figures of feveral ; but their mod fatisfaftory marks require 

 to be fought at an earlier period of their growth, and in 

 more minute parts, than he has generally exhibited. 



1. Z. cycadifolia. Sago-palm-leaved Zamia. Jacq. 

 Fragm. 27. t. 25, 26. Willd. n. i. — Leaflets very numer- 

 ous, two-ranked, linear, entire, with fimple fpinous points ; 

 common ftalk femicylindrical, channelled, downy. Catkin 

 of the fruit elongated, fomewhat cylindrical. — Native of the 

 Cape of Good Hope. Cultivated in the Imperial gardens 

 at Schoenbrun, but not mentioned by Mr. Aiton as known 

 to our Englilb colleftors. The thick globular fcaly head 

 of the root, near a foot in diameter, bears numerous fpread- 

 ing peftinate leaves, very much refembling, at fiift fight, 

 thofe of Cycas revniuta. Thejlalk of each is, in its naked 

 part, two feet long, as thick as a fwan's quill, all over downy, 

 as is alfo its leafy portion, and the young leaflets themfelves. 

 The full-grown leajlets are from 50 to 80, rigid, parallel, 

 acute, pungent, each about three inches long ; the lower- 

 mofl: gradually fliorteft, and rather more diftant. The ripe 



fruit, brought from the Cape, is ovate-oblong, about fifteen 

 inches in length, and five in diameter, brown, each feale 

 bearing two ovate, angular, orange-coloured drupas, about 

 an inch long, their points direfted towards the bafe of the 

 fcale. Nut not much fmaller, ovate, angular. 



2. Z. pungens. Needle Zamia. Linn. fil. MSS. Ait. 

 Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. 478. ed. 2. n. i. Willd. n. 2. 

 Poiret n. 3. (Palma fobolifera aegyptia, foliis losvioribus, 

 fruftu nigro ; Till. Pif. 129. t. 45. ) — Leaflets awl-fliaped, 

 fpreading, ftraight, rigid, pointed, entire ; their outer 

 margin rounded at the bafe ; common ftalk nearly cylin- 

 drical, unarmed Native of the Cape of Good Hope, 



from whence it was brought by Mr. Maflbn, to Kew 

 garden, in 1775, but has not yet flowered. The ieajlets are 

 very thick and coriaceous, much fewer than in the pre- 

 ceding fpecies, moftly oppofite, four or five inches long, 

 and one broad ; their under furface fomewhat ftriated ; the 

 upper fmooth and fliining ; margin quite entire ; point 

 fimple, fpinous, ftout and rigid. 



3. Z. tridentata. Three-toothed Zamia. Willd. n. 3. — 

 Leaflets linear, obfcurely furrowed, fmooth, with three 

 fpinous teeth at the end ; common ftalk femicylindrical, 

 channelled. — Suppofed to be a native of the Cape of Good 

 Hope. The leajlets are fourteen to fixteen pair, linear, ta- 

 pering at each end, with two lanceolate, pointed, terminal 

 teeth, and a third fituated a little lower at the outer edge. 

 Common Jlalk finooth. Willdeno'w. No other author ap- 

 pears to know this fpecies. We have fpecimens in the her- 

 barium of the younger Linnseus, without name, indication 

 of their native country, or any traces of fruftification, which 



anfwer 



