oil are 

 Conve 



Z E M 



■e defervedly efteemed and admired, particularly the 

 erflon of S. Paul, and Clirift with his Difciples in the 

 FifhinjT.boat, in the cathedral at Vicenza. He fell fhort 

 of the grace and talle of Vcroncfe, yet his invention was 

 not lacking in energy ; his touch is free and animated, and 

 his compofitions managed with ikiU and judgment. He 

 died in 1592, aged 6o- 



ZELPHI. See Zenda. . 



ZELPITSCH, in Geography, a town ot lltna ; 10 

 miles N.E. of Mitterburg. , „ _, . , 



ZELTURINSKOI, a fort of Ruffia, in the govern- 

 ment of Irkutdc ; 72 miles S.S.E. of Tunginflcoi. 



ZELUIA, a town of Lithuania, m the palatinate of 

 Novogrodek ;' 25 miles N. W. of Slonim. 



ZEM a river of Albania, which runs into the Moraca, 

 12 miles W. of Cattaro. 



ZEMA a word uled by many of the old writers tor a 

 decoftion or apozem. 



ZEMARAIM, or Semaraim, in Ancient Geography, a 

 citvof Benjamin near Bethel. Jolh. xviii. 22. 



ZEMARITES, an ancient people of Syria, mentioned 



by Strabo, who places them on a plain, two leagues to the 



N. of mount Libanu?, and gives them the term of Simyra. 



ZEMASARUM, a word ufed by fome of the chemical 



writers as a name for cinnabar. 



ZEMBLA, Nova, Novaya Zemlia, or Ne'w Land, in 

 Geography, a Ruffian idand, or rather a group of five 

 iflands, with the intervening channels always filled with ice, 

 (ituated in the Frozen or Northern ocean. Of the nume- 

 rous iflands in this ocean, Novaya Zemlia and Kalgeva are 

 the moit confiderable ; but both are uninhabited, and fre- 

 quented only by fifhermen and hunters. The former is 

 indeed well fupplied with water ; but is rocky, unfertile, 

 and deftitute of wood, furnifhing vegetation only for a few 

 ftunted bufhes and polar plants. It abounds, however, with 

 rein-deer, white bears, white and blue foxes; and the ihores 

 fwarm with morfes, walrufes, and various kinds of fifh. Its 

 magnitude is eilimated at 950 verfts in length, 520 in 

 breadth, and 3090 in circumference, wiiliout following the 

 fmuofities, and 425,509 German miles of fuperficies, ac- 

 cording to Mr. Storch. On the northern fide it is entirely 

 encompafled with ice mountains ; and to the fouth is the fea 

 of Cara, Kara, or Karllcoge, in which the tide flows about 

 two feet nine inches. Among the lakes of this ifland there 

 is one of fait water. From the middle of Oftober till 

 February the fun is not at all vifible ; but they have the ad- 

 vantage of numerous and ftrong north-lights and of much 

 moon-light. In fummer they have no thunder-llorms. The 

 fnow falls in many places to the depth of four arfliines. For 

 two months, ij/z. June and July, the fun never fets. Be- 

 tween this ifland and the main land is the famous pafl'age 

 known by the name of Vaggat's or Waygat's fl.raits. 



ZEMECH, a word ufed by fome writers as a name for 

 lapis lazuli. 



ZEMENIE, in Geography, a town of European Tur- 

 key, in Romania; 16 miles S.W. of Gallipoli. 



ZEMIA, ZniM'x, among the Athenians, is fometimes taken 

 in a large and general fenfe for any kind of punilhment ; 

 but more frequently for a pecuniary mulft or fine laid upon 

 the criminal, according to the degree of his offence. 



ZEMLIANSK, in Geography, a town of Ruffia, in the 

 government of Voronez ; 44 miles N.N.W. of Voronez. 

 N. lat. 52= 12'. E. long. 38=42'. 



ZEMLIN, or Semlin, a fortrefs of Sclavonia, at the 

 union of the Save and the Danube, oppofite Belgrade. 

 Here is a lazaretto, where travellers and merchandife from 

 the Levant are detained to prevent infeiSlion. The number 



ZEN 



of inhabitants is about 1200 Rafcians, Greeks, Jews, Ar- 

 menians, and Turks : during a fire at Zemlin, Jofeph II. 

 emperor of Auttria, affifted in perfon to fupprefs it. 



ZEMME, a town of Grand Bucharia, on the Gihon ; 

 60 miles S. of Bucharia. 



ZEMOKARTLI, a town of Turkifli Armenia, in the 

 government of Cars; 50 miles N. of Ardanoudji. 



ZEMORGET, or Zermogete, a fmall ifland in the 

 Red fea, 30 miles from the coaft of Egypt. This ifland 

 was called by the ancients " Ophiodes," from the abundance 

 of fcrpents, and the ifland of topazes from the number of 

 thofe precious Itones found there. N. lat. 23"^ 25'. E. 

 loner. 53° 5'- 



ZEMOVAH, a town of Pegu ; 50 miles S. of Prone. 



ZEMPHYRUS, in the Materia Medico of the Ancients, 

 a name give to a precious fl.one, the fragments of which 

 they ufe as a cordial and fudorific. 



It appears by their accounts, that this ftone was blue ; 

 and hence many have too haftily judged, that it was the 

 lapis lazuli ; but in truth it was the fapphire. 



The word zemphyrus is no where ufed but in the writ- 

 ings of the later Greeks, and it is plainly formed, as mod 

 of their names of things are, on the Arabian word exprefl^- 

 ing the fame thing. This Arabian word is femphir ; and 

 this, in Avicciina and Serapio, is always ufed as the name 

 of a fapphire, never as that of any other gem. We find 

 alfo by their accounts, that this fapphire was not the fap- 

 phire of the ancient Greeks, but the fine blue pellucid 

 gem we now know by that name ; for the fapphire of Theo- 

 phrafl;us, and the other old writers, was only a kind of lapis 

 lazuli. 



ZEMPLIN, in Geography, a town of Hungary; 16 

 miles N.E. of Patak. 



ZEMPOALA. See Zampala. 



ZEMZEM, the holy well of Mecca, which fee. 



ZENANICH. SeeSELANIEH. 



ZENATI, a river of Algiers, formed by the union of 

 two ftreams, which foon after changes its name to Seiboufe. 

 ZENDA, a general term coined by Paracelfus, by 

 which he and his followers exprefs extraneous or equivocal 

 generation, or the produftion of bodies without a feminal 

 principle. The word zerunda is ufed to exprefs this par- 

 ticular fort of generation of men, and zelphi in regard to 

 other animals. 



ZENDAVESTA, by contraAion Zend, and, as it is 

 vulgarly pronounced, Ztinda-vefloiu and Zund, in Antiquity,. 

 denoLes the book afcribed to Zoroaster, ( fee his article, ) 

 and containing his pretended revelations ; and which the 

 ancient Magians and modern Perfees, called alfo Gaurs, 

 obferve and reverence in the fame manner as the Chriftians 

 do the Bible, and the Mahometans the Koran, making it 

 the fole rule of both their faith and manners. See Magi, 

 Persees, Gebres, &c. See alfo Gentoos. 



The word, it is faid, originally Cgnifies any inftrument 

 for kindling fire, and is applied to this book to denote its 

 aptitude for kindling the flame of religion in the hearts of 

 thofe who read it. 



Zendavefta is compounded of Zend, denoting the letters 

 of the book, and Avejla, fignifying the language in which it 

 was written. See Persia, Language of. 



M. Anquetil du Perron, to whofe account we fliall refer 

 more at large in the fequel of this article, has taken pains, 

 in the 37th volume of the work cited below, to prove that 

 Zoroailer lived under Hyftafpes, the father of Darius, in 

 the fixth century before Chrift. 



The Zendavefta, or Zend, contains the fyilem of doftrine 

 and duty, which is faid to have been fupernaturally com- 



municated 



