Z I N 



Fibrous Blende.— The colour is reddini-brown : it occurs 

 reniform andniaffive. The llruaure is divergingly hbrous in 

 one diredion, and concentric lamellar in the other : its lultre 

 \i refinous ; it is opaque or faintly tranilucent at the edges ; 

 it agrees in other characters with foliated blende. 1 "e con- 

 ftituent parts are given as under in the Journal des Mmes, 

 t. xlix. No. 13. 



Zinc 

 Iron 

 Lead 

 Arfenic • 

 Sulphur • 

 Alumine- 

 Water - 



62 

 3 



5 

 1 



21 



2 



4 

 98 



Black Blende: Zinc Sulphurs Noir, Haiiy. — It is of a 

 greyifh or velvet-black colour, and fometimes brownilh- 

 black. When tranflucent, it appears blood-red ; it is fome- 

 times tarnifhed with various colours. It occurs mafiive, d;f- 

 feminated, andcryftallized,in the fame formsas brown blende ; 

 internally it is ftiining, fometimes fplendent ; and the luftre is 

 adamantine, inclining to metallic. It has a foliated ftruc- 

 ture, and fix-fold cleavage. The fragments are angular, and 

 rather fharp-edged. It is almoft always opaque. The ftreak 

 is intermediate, between yellowi(h-grey and lighti(h-brown : 

 it is eafily frangible. The fpecific gravity varies with the ad- 

 mixture of ingredients in this ore, from 3.9 to 4.1. Auri- 

 ferous blende from Nagyag, as given by MuUer, is 5.39. 

 The conftituent parts of black blende are as under : 



Blende io didinguidied from tin-ftone by its inferior hard- 

 nefs ; it yields pretty eafily to the knife. It may be didin- 

 guifhed from other ores which refemble it, by the fulphure- 

 ous odour which it yields when thrown into an acid, or 

 triturated in a mortar. The common name given to this 

 ore by the Enghfh miners is Black Jack. It frequently 

 occurs in the upper part of the metallic veins in Cornwall, 

 that are rich in other ores below. Blende is not fo valuable 

 an ore of zinc as calamine : it mud be freed from itsfulphur 

 by calcination before it can be applied to the making of brafs. 

 Some blendes lofe one-fourth of their weight, others one- 

 fixth by calcination. It has been for many years ufed for 

 making brafs at Briftol as well as calamine ; but fo little was 

 this application of it known in other parts of the kingdom, 

 that in the year 1777 we are informed by Dr. Watfon, in 

 his Chemical EfTays, that its ufe in Derbyfhire was but re- 

 cently difcovered ; and he was requeiled not to divulge the 

 purpofe to which it might be applied, probably to evade the 



dues on minerals payable to the duchy court of Lancafter. 

 ZINCHI, or ZICCHI, in ylnclent Geography, a people of 



Afiatic Sarmatia, upon the coaft of the Euxine fea, and fe- 



parated from the Sanichae, by the river Achaus. Arrian. 

 ZINCKGRABEN, in Geography, a town of Bavaria, 



in the bifhopric of Bamberg ; 5 miles E. of Lichtenfels. 

 ZINDIKITES, a feft among the Mahometans; fo de- 



Z 1 N 



nominated from their leader Zindik, whom Grotius makes 

 to be one of the magi, and a follower of Zoroaller. 



The Zindikites believe no providence nor refurreftion : 

 they allow no other God but the four elements ; and, in 

 this fenfe, they affert, that man, being a mixture of thofe 

 fimple bodies, returns to God when he dies. 



ZINDINSKAIA, in Geography, a fort of RufTia, on 

 the confines of China, in the government of Irkutik ; 80 

 miles S. of Selenginfl-:. 



ZINETUS, a word ufed by Paracelfus as a name for 

 one of the brafs-like marcafites. 



ZINGANE-IS-KELESI, in Geography, a town of 

 European Turkey, in Romania; 6 miles S. of Burgas. 



ZINGAR, a word ufed by fome of the chemical wri- 

 ters for verdlirrife ; and by others for the flos asris, or flowers 

 of copper or brafs. 



ZINGHA, in Geography, a town of Africa, in Whidah ; 

 20 miles N.W. of Sabi. 



ZINGI, in the Materia Medica, the name of a feed, 

 fometimes alfo called the anifum ftellatum, or ftarry-headed 

 anife. 



ZINGIBER, in Botany, ^lyyi/Ssji; of Diofcorides, a 

 name which the Greeks feem to have taken, when they ob- 

 tained the plant itfelf, from the Arabians. Gasrtner, dif- 

 fatisfied with Linnasus's application of the ancient name 

 Amomum, to a genus of the Scitamineje, under which they 

 both of them confounded very different things, fubftituted 

 Zingiber in iti place, as undoubtedly belonging to one or 

 other of the fpecies. But fince this tribe, and its generic 

 diftinftions, have been cleared up by Mr. Rofcoe, it be- 

 comes neceffary to difcriminate between ylmomum and Zin- 

 giber, and confequently both names are employed. — Rofcoe 

 Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 8. 347. Dryandr. in Ait. Hort. 

 Kew. V. I. 5. (Amomum ; Lama^ck lUuftr. t. 2. f. 3.) — 

 Clafs and order, Monandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Scita- 

 minee, Linn. Brown. Cannx, Jufl. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth fiiperior, of one leaf, tubular, 

 flieathiiig, membranous, fplitting at one fide. Cor. of one 

 petal : tube twice the length of the calyx, a little fwelling 

 upwards : outer limb ringent ; the upper lip undivided ; 

 lower in two deep, equal, deflexed fegments : inner limb a 

 large, fpreading, three-lobed lip, of which the middle feg- 

 ment is the largett, all of them more or lefs wavy and crc- 

 nate. Stani. Filament one, ereft, oblong, extended beyond 

 the anther in an awl-fliaped incurved beak, involute at the 

 edges, embracing the Ityle ; anther attached by its back, 

 below the beak of the filament, oblong, of two clofe, pa- 

 rallel, linear lobes, meeting round the Ityle, burfting in 

 front. Pijl- Germen inferior, roundifh, fmall, crowned 

 with a pair of glands ; flyle thread-fhaped, embraced by the 

 filament, and fcarcely extending beyond its beak ; fligma 

 fmall, concave, fringed, projedling a little beyond the point 

 of the beak. Peric. Capfule ? 



Eff. Ch. Anther two-lobcd. Filament elongated be- 

 yond the anther, with an awl-fhaped, channelled beak, em- 

 bracing the ftyle. Outer limb of the corolla ringent ; 

 inner a three-lobed lip. 



Obf. Juflieu had already, after Adanfon, remarked a dif- 

 ference between the inflorefcence of the Ginger and the 

 Cardamom tribes, though both have been compiehended by 

 all botanifts under Amomum. In the former, the flowers 

 compofe a denfe fpike, fupported by a radical ftalk ; in 

 the latter, they are panicled at the bafe of the ftem. So 

 important a difference in habit, between plants whofe gene- 

 ral ftrufture is fo uniform and fimple, might lead us to look 

 for fome generic difference in the parts of fruftification. 

 This Mr. Rofcoe has detefted in ihejilament, according to 



the 



