ZINNIA. 



•whofe difciple and fueceffor he was, fpeaks of him with 

 much complacency ; but it is eafy to fee that his favour was 

 greatly conciliated by Dr. Zinn's preference of his fyftem 

 to that of Linnsus. One principle of the learned Swede 

 he indeed veryjuftly approTed, that plants nearly related on 

 the whole ought not to be feparated on account of a differ- 

 ence in one particular part. Yet in the application of this 

 rule he furely has wandered widely from the truth, in wi(h- 

 ing to unite Geum, Comarum, Potenttlla, Tormentilla, and 

 Fragaria. Such it feems was the avowed opinion of 

 Zinn, in his Pritle^io, publifhed in 1755 ; but he has not 

 followed it in his work above-mentioned. In that volume 

 occurs, if we miftake not, the firft figure of a Zinnia, under 

 the name of a Rudbeckia ; though the author juftly declares 

 it to conftitute an indubitably new genus. — Linn. Gen. 437. 

 Schreb. ^6^,. WiUd. Sp. PL v. 3. 2139. Mart. MiU. 

 Did. V.4. Ait. Hort. Kew.v. 5. 91. Purfhjej. Juff. 188. 

 Lamarck Illuftr. t. 685. Gsrtn. t. 172. — Clafs and order, 

 Syngenefia Polygamia-fuperflua. Nat. Ord. Compofite oppofiti- 

 foVu, Linn. Corymbifert, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Common Calyx ovato-cylindrical, fmooth, im- 

 bricated, with numerous, obtufe, ereft, permanent fcales. 

 Cor. compound, radiated. Florets of the elevated difli 

 feveral, all perfeft, funnel-fhaped, five-cleft, internally vil- 

 lous ; thofe of the radius from five to ten, ligulate, round- 

 ifli or oblong, abrupt, larger than the dilk, permanent. 

 Stam. in the perfect florets, Filaments five, very fhort ; an- 

 thers united into a cyhndrical tube. Fiji, in the perfeft 

 florets, Germen oblong, with two very unequal awns ; ftyle 

 thread-lhaped, cloven half way down ; ftigmas two, ereft, 

 obtufe : in the female florets, Germen oblong, triangular, 

 without awns ; ftyle capillary, cloven half way down ; 

 ftigmas two, recurved. Peru, none, except the unchanged 

 calyx. Seeds in the perfeft florets, folitary, oblong, quad- 

 rangular, compreffed. Down of two points, one of them 

 awned. In the female florets folitary, pointlefs, crowned with 

 the permanent petal. Recept. chaffy, with tongue-ftiaped, 

 channelled, deciduous fcales, the length of the calyx. 



Eff. Ch. Receptacle chaffy. Seed-down of two ereft 

 unequal awns. Calyx imbricated, fomewhat ovate. Flo- 

 rets of the radius from five to ten, permanent, undivided. 



I. Z. pauciflora. Yellow Zinnia. Linn. Sp. PI. 1269. 

 WiUd. n. I. Ait. n. i. (Bidens calyce oblongo fquamofo, 

 feminibus radii corolla non decidui coronatis ; Mill. Ic. 

 V. 1.43. t. 64. Rudbeckia foliis oppofitis hirfutis ovato- 

 acutis, calyce imbricate cylindrico, radii petahs piftiUatis ; 

 Zinn. Gott. 409. t. i. Chryfogonum peruvianum ; Linn. 

 Sp. PI. ed. I. 920, excluding the fynonym, which is wrong, 

 and a heap of confufion ; fee Feuille 766.) — Flowers feflile. 

 Leaves fomewhat heart-fliaped, fefGle, clafping the ftem. — 

 Native of Peru. Cultivated by Miller, but not commonly 

 preferved in onr gardens like the following, being lefs hardy, 

 and not fo ornamental. The root is annual. Stem ereft, 

 three or four feet high, branched, angular, leafy. Leaves 

 oppofite, deflexed, two or three inches long, acute, roughifti, 

 entire, rough-edged, with three principal ribs ; their bafe 

 broadifti-heartfliaped. Flowers folitary at the ends of the 

 branches, nearly or quite feflile, with the uppermoft pair of 

 leaves clofe to the bafe of the calyx ; di/k brownifti ; radius 

 yellow. We perceive a difference between feveral fpecimens 

 and figures of this plant, but cannot trace an abfolute or 

 conftant fpecific diftinftion between them. In the Linnasan 

 ipecimen, the fmall number of Jlorels juftifies the fpecific 

 name, and the f.ower itfelf is quite feflile. This is un- 

 doubtedly Miller's plant, though the mdidjit^orets are much 

 more numerous in his figure, and the whole jlo'wer larger. 

 A fpecimen under this fame name of pauciforat given us by 



fir Jofeph Banks, from Jacquin's herbarium, is what Zinn's 

 figure exaftly reprefents. The leaves are fhorter, more 

 rounded and heart-fliaped, and thtjlo-wer is large, with more 

 or lefs of a ftalk. Its radiant forets are numerous, broad, 

 and yellow. How far thefe charafters are permanent, cul- 

 ture and repeated obfervations muft determine. We are 

 rather inchned to fufpeft the Linnsan fpecimen, raifed in 

 the Upfal garden, is a ftarved one, thefowers perhaps being 

 rendered diminutive by their latenefs. It is moft probable 

 that a portion of the fame feed was fent by Jufiieu to Lin- 

 naus and to Miller. The plant indeed flowered at Upfal 

 before the year 1753, when Miller fays he received his feeds, 

 becaufe it is defcribed, in the firft edition of Sp. PI. printed 

 that year, from the garden fpecimen now before us. 



2. Z. multiflora. Common Red Zinnia. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1269. Willd. n. 2. Ait. n. 2. Purfli n. i. Curt. 

 Mag. t. 149. Linn. Dec. 23. t. 12. Jacq. Obf.fafc. 2. 19. 

 t. 40. — Flowers ftalked. Leaves oppofite, ovato-lanceo- 

 late — Native of North America. Found on the banks of 

 the Miffiflippi, flowering in July and Auguft. Annual. 

 Rays yellow, orange, and fometimes brick-red. Purjb. The 

 latter colour is moll common in the gardens of Eiirope, 

 where this plant is treated as a rather tender annual, like 

 the different fpecies of Tagetes, being beft raifed on a hot- 

 bed, and planted out fo as to flower in the autumn. A yel- 

 low variety, almoft equally common, is lefs fingular and 

 ftriking in colour. We are not by any means certain that 

 this variety may not be fometimes taken for the foregoing ; 

 yet the plant of Zinn and Jacquin, of which we have juff 

 given an account, is too different in the great breadth of its 

 leaves to be confounded with the prefent fpecies. The Z. 

 multiflora has a more hairy Jlem than the pauciflora, much 

 narrower and elongated leaves, with three ribs ; their furface 

 roughifh to the touch. Thcfowers ftand each on a hollow, 

 deeply furrowed, terminal ftalk, from one to two inches 

 long, much thicker than the ftem, and gradually fwelling 

 upwards. The di/i is conical and acute, compofed of reddifli 

 or tawnj ^florets, accompanied by the prominent, dark-green, 

 or blackilh, fcales of the receptacle: the radius contiUs of 

 ten or more broad, elliptical, ufually emarginate_/?&rrtj, of a 

 deep brick-red, and very fmooth, above ; pale, greenifh, and 

 rough beneath ; reticulated with veins, and finally becoming 

 rigid, or membranous. 



3. "Z.. verticillata. Whorl-leaved Zinnia. Andr. Repof. 

 t. 189. Willd. n.3. Ait. n. 3. — Flowers ftalked. Leaves 

 whorled, ovato-lanceolate. Radiant florets very numerous. 

 — l^ative of Mexico. Raifed by Meffrs. Lee and Kennedy 

 at Hammerfmith, about the year 1789. We cannot fup- 

 pofe this to be any thing more than a luxuriant variety of 

 the laft. Annual plants, pampered with manure, and every 

 poffible advantage of cultivation, are liable to acquire aggre- 

 gate leaves, double Jlowers, and many other charafters, which 

 do not appear in a ftate of nature. Thefe it is the bufinefs 

 of the gardener to encourage, and of tlie botanift to beware 

 of. Having feen no fpecimen of this plant, we can only 

 judge by the figure, in which we cannot difcover any fpe- 

 cific diftinftions. The fowers indeed are rendered very 

 fplendid, by their multiphed radius of a deep fcarlet, and 

 their dijk feems broader, and lefs conical, or pointed, than 

 in either of the foregoing fpecies. This laft character, 

 if conftant, is more material than any which has been men- 

 tioned. 



4. Z. elegaiu. Purple- flowered Zinnia. Jacq. Ic. Rar. 

 t. 589. Willd. n. 4. Ait. n.4. (Z. violacea; Cavan. 

 Ic. v. I. 57. t. 81. Andr. Repof. t. 55. )— Flowers ftalked . 

 Leaves oppofite, ovate-heart(haped, feffde, clafpmg the ftem, 

 harfli on both fides. Scales of the receptacle jagged and 



A a 2 fringed. 



