ZIZIPHUS. 



Gsertn. t.43. (Z. excluding Paliurus, fee that article ; 

 Willd. Sp. PI. V. I. 1 102. Sm. Prodr. Fl. Graec. Sibth. 

 V.I. 159. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. z. 18. Rhamni fpecies ; 

 Linn. Gen. 105. Schreb. 142.) — Clafs and order, Pen- 

 tandrta Monogynla. Nat. Ord. Dumofte, Linn. Rhamni, 

 Juff. ■ _. , 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, nearly- 

 flat, in five fpreading, ovate, equal, coloured, deciduous 

 fegments. Cor. Petals five, minute, obovate, between the 

 fegments of the calyx, but much Ihorter, oppofite to the 

 ftamens, fpreading horizontally. Stam. Filaments five, 

 ftiort, lying over the petals, and not half fo long ; anthers 

 roundifh, of two lobes. Pifl. Germen fuperior, orbicular, 

 deprefTed ; ftyle one, very fhort ; ftigmas two or three, 

 obtufe. Peric. Drupa oval, or roundifh, pulpy, of one 

 cell. Seed. Nut folitary, the fhape of the drupa, of one 

 or two cells, with folitary kernels. 



EfT. Ch. Calyx flattifh, in five deep fegments. Petals 

 five, oppofite to the ftamens. Drupa fuperior. Nut of 

 one or two cells. 



Obf. We have already (fee Rhamnus and Paliurus) 

 declared our determination of feparating all thefe genera, 

 though, like Willdenow and fome others, the writer of this 

 has united Ziziphus and Paliurus, in the Prodromus Fl. 

 Grac; an error which will be correfted in the Flora Graca 

 itfelf. With refpeiSl to fome of the fpecies, we can only 

 rely on thofe who have defcribed the fruit, on which the dif- 

 tinAion chiefly depends. They are all (hrubby, and for the 

 moft part thorny, with alternate, fimple, undivided, decidu- 

 ous, ftrongly ribbed leaves, and fmall, axillary, tufted, 

 fometimes racemofe and partly termms.], Jlowers, of a yellow 

 or greenifli colour, and inconfpicuous appearance ; their 

 calyx more flat, for the moil part, than that of Rhamnus. 

 The fruit is in moft inftances eatable, or medicinal. In a 

 few inftances, the petals are wanting. 



Seft. I. Thorns or prichles none. 



1. 7.. lineata. Veiny Jujube. Willd. n. I. (Rhamnus 

 lineatus ; Linn. Sp. PI. 281. Amcen. Acad. v. 4. 308. 

 Ofbeck It. 219. t. 7. Engl. ed. v. i. 353. t. 7.) — Stem 

 ereft, unarmed. Leaves roundifh-ovate, obtufe, wavy. 

 Clufters terminal } their lower flowers axillary. — Gathered 

 by Oft)eck, on the French ifland, in the river of Canton, 

 flowering in September. A buftiy flirub, often as tall as a 

 man, with copious, alternate, round, leafy, finely downy 

 branches. Leaves alternate, on fliort ftalks, of a roundifn, 

 abrupt, often emarginate, figure, half an inch long at moft, 

 fmooth on both fides ; dark green above ; paler and 

 yellowifti beneath, with very elegant, oblique, parallel, red 

 veins. Flowers about the ends of the branches, ftalked, 

 partly axillary, partly collecled into terminal fmooth clujlers. 

 Calyx a little concave, or bell-fliaped, at the bafe ; its feg- 

 ments lanceolate, as are likewife the petals. Anthers black 

 before they burft. Drupa fmall, oval, feated on the orbi- 

 cular permanent bafe of the calyx. 



2. Z. volubilis. Twining Jujube. Willd. n. 2. Ait. 

 n. I. Purflin. I. ( Rhamnus volubilis ; Linn. Suppl. 152. 

 Walt. Carol.' 10 1. Jacq. Coll. v. 2. 236. Ic. Rar. t.336. ) 

 — Stem twining, unarmed. Leaves ovate, acute, fomewhat 

 wavy. Umbels axillary and terminal, ftalked. — In deep 

 fwamps, near the fea-coaft, from Virginia to Carolina, 

 flowering in June. Flowers fmall, greenidi-yellow. Fruit 

 oblong, violet-coloured. It afcends the higheft trees of 

 Cuprejfus dijlicha, in the Difmal fwamp, near Suffolk in 

 Virginia, and is known there by the name of Supple-Jack. 

 Purjh. The tranches are round and fmooth. Leaves 

 Jtalked, drooping, one and a half or two inches long, and 



near one broad, acute, and tipped with a fmall point, fmooth, 

 with oblique parallel veins, more numerous than in the laft ; 

 their under fide rather the palcft. Flowers fmall, pale. 

 Drupa fmall, blackifli, of a long oval fliape. Nut of two 

 cells in the wild ftate, according to Walter, though Jacquin, 

 in the cultivated plant, found only one. Lamarck, in an 

 obfervation at the end of this genus, though he allows this 

 fpecies to have the proper fruit of Ziziphus, gives his reafons 

 for keeping it in Rhamnus ; thefe are the concave calyx, and 

 the want of a flefhy difli, or, in Linnaean language, " recep- 

 tacle of the flower." Probably the fame remarks would 

 apply to the preceding fpecies, which Lamarck alfo ex- 

 cludes from Zizyphus. We are ready to allow that they 

 both have more of the habit and foliage of Rhamnus, and 

 their fruits are fo fmall, it may be difficult to fay whether 

 they are drupas or berries. Not having had an opportunity 

 of inveftigating this point ourfelves, we muft rely on thofe 

 vifho have. 



3. "L. peruviana. Peruvian Jujube. Lamarck n. 12. — 

 Stem unarmed. Leaves elliptic-obovate, fparingly and 

 minutely toothed, fomewhat angular, rather fleftiy, fmooth. 

 Petals acute, longer than the calyx. — Native of Peru. 

 Long cultivated in the public garden at Paris, from whence 

 the younger Linnasus procured a fpecimen, and where 

 Lamarck faw it flowering for many fucceffive years, but 

 without producing fruit, which led him to fuppofe the 

 flowers might be dioecious. The plant itfelf appears now 

 to be no longer in exiftence there, no mention being made 

 of it in profeflbr Desfontaine's Tableau de I'Ecole de 

 Botanique au Jardin du Roi, ed. 2. printed in 1815. This 

 is an evergreen, branching, loofely fpreading Jlirub, about 

 three feet high, fmooth in every part. Branches a little 

 zigzag, nearly round. Leaves fcattered, ilalked, from an 

 incli to an inch and a half long, generally obovate, blunt, or 

 fometimes pointed, thick and fomewhat fleftiy, of a glaucous 

 green, with a mid-rib, and a few fcattered veins, none of 

 which feem to be vifible but in a dried ftate, and then but 

 nightly. The margin is irregularly angular, each angle 

 tipped with a glandular tooth. Our fpecimen has nojlowers.- 

 Lamarck fays they are fmall, axillary, two or three together, 

 or fohtary, ftalked, yellowifli-white, widely expanded, five- 

 cleft. Petals oval, pointed, flat, larger than the calyx. 



4. Z. emarginata. Notched Jujube. Swartz Ind. Occ. 

 1954. — Stem ereft, unarmed. Leaves roundifti-ovate, 

 emarginate. Umbels axillary, ftalked. Petals none. — 

 Gathered by Mr. Fahlberg, in the Weft Indian ifland of 

 St. Bartholomew. The_y?«« is ftirubby, with round, ereft, 

 rigid branches, whofe bark is grey and fmooth ; their ex- 

 tremities angular. Leaves ftalked, alternate, but approach- 

 ing each other in pairs, fo as to become nearly oppofite, 

 rather membranous, very fmooth on both fides, an inch or 

 an inch and a half long, entire, the extremity only being 

 flightly emarginate. Footjlalhs ftiort. Umbels oppofite. 

 Stalks the length of the footftalks, thickened as the fruit 

 advances. Partial ones from three to fix, rather longer, 

 fingle-flowered. Calyx concave, with a fpreading limb, in 

 five acute fegments, divided as it were into two cavities. 

 Petals none. Filaments very fliort, inferted below the 

 divifions of the calyx. Anthers ovate, embraced at each 

 fide by the hollows in the fegments of the calyx. Stigmas 

 two, obtufe. Drupa roundifh-ovate, fmooth, the fize of 

 AUfpice, crowned with the permanent Jlyle. Nut of two 

 cells, with folitary kernels. Swartz. 



Seft. 2. Branches priekly. 



5. Z. Lotus. Lotus Jujube. Willd. n. 4. Lamarck 

 n. 2. Ait. n. 3. (Z. fylveftris; Tourn. Inft. 627. Shav/ 



Afric. 



