Z O F 



been feveral times printed, with Olafsen's, and -von Troil'e, 

 uccoui.ts of that country. In the latter book this Flora is 

 a mere catalogue of Linnsean names, the fynonyms and de- 

 fcrjptions being omitted. He wrote alfo a mmeralogical 

 work on ZeoUtes. The plant which bears his name was 

 raifed in the Copenhagen garden, from Sibenan feeds, and 

 communicated by himfelf to Linnsus— Lmn. Mant. 15. 

 Schreb. Gen. 577- WiUd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 2276. Mart. 

 Mill. Dia. V. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 5. 143. Juli. 174. 

 Poiret in Lamarck Dia. v. 8. 868. Gsrtn. v. 2. 452-— 

 Clafs and order, Syngenefm Polygamia-frujlranea. Nat. Ord. 

 CompqfiU capitate, Linn. CinarocephaU, JufT. 



Gen. Ch. Common Calyx ovate, imbricated, of numerous 

 lanceolate, fringed fcales ; the inner ones hnear-lanceolate, 

 chaffy, longeft. Cor. compound, radiant. Florets of the 

 dilk numerous, perfea, of one petal, with a (lender tube, 

 and a limb in five deep, lanceolate, erea fegments : thofe 

 of the radius fewer, neuter, of one flat, ligulate, abrupt, 

 fliarply five-toothed petal. Stam. in the florets of the dilk. 

 Filaments five, (hort ; anthers united into a cylindrical tube. 

 Pyt. in the fame florets, Germen fhort ; Ityle capillary, 

 very long, erea; ftigma fliort, cloven: in the radiant 

 florets, Germen a rudiment only, without ftyle or ftigma. 

 Perk, no other than the unaltered clofed calyx. Seeds in 

 ihe florets of the Mi, folitary. Down brilUy. In the 

 radius none. Recept. briftly. 



Efl". Ch. Receptacle briftly. Seed-down of fimple 

 briftles. Florets of the radius ligulate. Calyx imbri- 

 cated. 



Obf. LinnEUS juftly obferves that this genus is very in- 

 timately related to Centaurea (fee that article). Indeed 

 the only difference confifts in the flat, or ligulate, not 

 tubular, florets of the radius. How far that diftiiiaion is 

 fuflicient, fome perfons have doubted; efpecially as the 

 prefence of the radiant florets themfelves in Centaurea, has 

 been thought but a cafual occurrence, equivalent to double 

 flowers in other natural orders. As long, however, as the 

 Syngenefious family continues to be charaaerizcd at all by 

 the different figure of the florets, Zoegea muft remain fepa- 

 rate from Centaurea. 



I. Z. Leptaurea. Yellow Zoegea. Linn. Mant. 117. 

 Suppl. 383. Willd. n. I. Ait. n. I. L'Herit. Stirp. 

 Nov. 57. t. 29. (Z.aleppica; Jacq. Col. v. i. 89. Ic. 

 Rar. t. 177.) — Native of Siberia, according to amanufcript 

 correaion of Linnaeus in his own Mantifl"a : other authors 

 fay, of the Levant. It appears to have been cultivated in 

 Mr. Blackburne's celebrated garden at Orford, Lancadiire, 

 before the year 1779, when the catalogue of that rich col- 

 leaion was printed. This plant is a hardy annual, flowering 

 in July and Auguft. The Jlem is much branched, fpreading 

 in every direaion, leafy, angular and roughifli, twelve or 

 eighteen inches high. Leaves alternate, diftant, roughifh, 

 entire ; the lower ones pinnatifid ; the reft undivided, ob- 

 tufe, tapering down into a footjiali. Flowers folitary, on 

 long terminal ftalks, large, near two inches broad. Scales 

 of the calyx delicately fringed with tawny briftles. Corolla 

 of a fliining golden yellow. 



Another fpecies is defcribed in the Supplement by Linnseus 

 himfelf, under the name of Z. capenfis. This is Relhania 

 pedunculcta oi L'Heritier. See Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 2136, 

 and is the fame thing as Athanajxa fumila, Linn. Suppl. 

 362. 



ZOFALA, in Geography. See Sofala. 

 ZOFFANY, JoHAN, m Biography, was born at Frank- 

 fort, about the year 1735. He came to England as a painter 

 of fmall portraits when he was about 30 years of age. 

 After paffing fome time with very little encouragement, he 



Z O I 



at length was fortunate enough to altraa public attention 

 by a portrait of the earl of Barrymore, and thenceforward 

 enjoyed confiderable favour and encouragement. The moft 

 confiderable of his produaions at this period were portraits 

 of the moft celebrated dramatic performers in their favourite 

 charaaers ; as Garrick, in Abel Drugger, fir John Brute, 

 and lord Chalkftone, &c. ; Foote, in major Sturgeon ; and 

 Jacob, as Jacob Gallop ; Foote and Wefton, as Dr. Laft 

 and the Prefident, in the Devil on Two Sticks ; Parfons, 

 Moody, Branfby, Aicken, and many others, whofe like- 

 nelfes he preferved moft admirably, with all the variety of 

 expreflTion required for the charaaers they perfonified. One 

 piaure he painted of the members of the Royal Academy, 

 in the hall of the Academy devoted to the ttudy of the liv- 

 ing figure, round which they here alfembled, and it received 

 univerfal applaufe. 



He had the honour to be employed by his majefty, and 

 painted portraits of the royal family ; and he was engaged 

 by the queen to paint for her a view of the Tribune of the 

 Gallery at Florence. He was fomewhat of a humourifl, 

 and it is faid of him, that whilft he was engaged painting in 

 the Florentine Gallery, the emperor of Germany vifited 

 the grand duke, and coming up to Zoffany in the Gallery, 

 was much pleafed with his performance, and afked him his 

 name ; and on hearing it, inquired what countryman he 

 was ; when he anfwered, an Enghfhman. Why, faid the 

 emperor, your name is German. True, returned the 

 painter, I was born in Germany, that was accidental ; I 

 call that my country where I have been proteaed ! 



Soon after his return from Italy, he went to the Eaft 

 Indies, where he was much employed, and acquired a con- 

 fiderable fortune ; but it difappeared upon his return home, 

 and was only reftored by a fecond adventure to the fame 

 hot-bed of wealth and difeafe. He again returned to Eng- 

 land, but with diminiftied powers : yet he ftiU continued to 

 paint, and, amongf other works, produced an elaborate pic- 

 ture of tlie facking of the wine vaults at the Tuileries, in 

 1792 ; a difgufting difplay of the atrocities of that eventful 

 period. He lived to a very advanced age, but was reduced 

 exceedingly in intelleaual powers for fome years before his 

 deceafe, which happened in i8o8. He was a member of 

 the Royal Academy. 



ZOFFINGEN, in Geography, a town of Switzerland, 

 in the canton of Berne, on the Wigger. It was at one time 

 imperial, after which it put itfelf under the count of Habf- 

 burg. In the 13th century it was fubjea to the houfe of 

 Aultria, from which it was taken by the Bernois, in the 

 year 1415, and is the principal place of a bailiwick, with 

 confiderable privileges; 26 miles N.N.E. of Berne. 



ZOGNO, a town of Italy, in the department of the 

 Serio ; 5 miles N. of Bergamo. 



ZOGOCARA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Afia, 

 in Greater Armenia. Ptol. 



ZOGOR, in Geography, a town of Thibet; 16 miles 

 W.S.W. of Zuenga. 



ZOHAUB, one of the diftrias of the province of the 

 Lower Kurdiftan, in the pachalic of Bagdad, which has 

 a feparate hakem or governor. See Solymania. 



ZOHAUK, a town of Grand Bucharia ; 12 miles N.E. 

 of Bamian. 



ZOHRA, a town of Egypt, on the left bank of the 

 Nile ; 5 miles N.N.E. of Miniet Ebn Kafib. 



ZOIKA, a town of Ruflia, in the government of Arch- 

 angel, near the mouth of the Petchora ; 160 miles N.E. of 

 Mezen. 



ZOILUS, ill Biography, a carping critic belonging to 

 the clafs of grammarians, was a native of Amphipolis, and 



lived 



