zoo 



fpeciea of brute creatures, and the defcriptions of every 

 kind. This makes one of the three kingdoms, as they are 

 called, of natural hiftory ; the vegetable and the mineral 

 being the two others : in thefe, however, there is this dif- 

 ference made by writers, that wliile vegetables and minerals 

 are treated of together, as all of a piece in each, the 

 fubjefts of zoology are divided, and it is made to com- 

 pofe, as it were, feveral kingdoms. Whoever is to write 

 on plants and minerals, calls his work a trcatife of bo- 

 tany, or mineralogy ; and we have no words to exprefs 

 any fubdivillon of them into kingdoms ; but in zoology, 

 we treat, as different fubjefts, the different parts of it ; 

 and the hiftory of birds is feparated by fome from the reft 

 under the name of ornithology ; that of quadrupeds, under 

 the name of tetrapodology ; and we have for the reft, the 

 ■words entomology, amphibiology, and the like, expreffing thofe 

 things which are properly but the parts of zoology, as fo 

 many diftinA and feparate ftudies. 



This may eafily be amended by our confidering the ani- 

 mal world as we do the vegetable and mineral, and di- 

 viding it, as we do the others, into its proper families ; 

 it will then be found that thefe are no better diftinftions 

 than thofe of the families of thefe things, and that the 

 authors may as well fet up feparate ftudies under the 

 names of bulbology, umbelliferology, and the like, as 

 thofe. 



A natural divifion of the fubjefts of zoology, on_ this 

 principle, will afford fix feveral families of its fubjefts. 

 I. The hairy quadrupeds. 2. The birds. 3. The am- 

 phibious animals, fuch as ferpents, lizards, frogs, and 

 tortoifes. 4. The fithes. 5. The infefts. And, 6. 

 Thofe loweft order of animated beings, the zoophytes. 

 Artedi's Ichthyol. See Quadruped, Bird, Fish, &c. 



ZOOMBO, in Geography, a town ofi the weft coaft of 

 Celebes. S. lat. 3^ E. long. 1 19° 10'. 



ZOOMINERALIA, a word ufed by fome \vriters to 

 exprefs certain fubftanccs which are of animal origin, yet 

 have fomewhat of the nature of ftones, as pearls. 

 ZOOPHORIC Column-. See Column. 

 ZOOPHORUS, or ZoPUORUS, in the Ancient Archi- 

 uaure, the fame thing with the freeze in the modern. 



It was thus called in Greek, becaufe anciently adorned 

 with the figures of animals : from i^kov, animal, and (Pe^w, 



/ bear. , 



The Greeks fometimes alfo call the zodiac zoophorus, 



becaufe of the figns and conftellations in it. 



ZOOPHTHALMUS, in Botany, a name given by the 



ancient Greeks to xhe/edum majus, or common great houfe- 



It had this name from the Greek i^ujc, an animal, and 

 otpGaA^o.-, an eye, as expreffing a refemblance to the eyes of 

 large animals, in the round and radiated growth of its 

 clufters of leaves. They alfo called it ambrofia. 



ZOOPHYTON, Zoophyte, Z^o^tov, compounded of 

 ^aov, animal, and ?urov, plant, q. d. plant-animal, in Natural 

 Hl/tory, a kind of intermediate body, fuppofed to partake 

 both of the nature of an animal and a vegetable. 



In the Linnxan fyftem, the zoophytes, which contlitute 

 the fifth order of worms, (fee Vermes,) are compofite ani- 

 mals, refembling a flower, and fpringing from a vegetating 

 ftem. This order contains 15 genera, as the Tubipora, 

 Madrepora, Millepora, Cellepora, Isis, Antipa- 



THES, GORGONIA, AlCYONIUM, SpONGIA, FlUSTRA, Tu- 



bularia, Corallina, Sertularia, Pennatula, and 

 Hydra : f^e each refpedively. The fpecies enumerated 

 and defcribed in Gmehn's Linnxan fyftem are 489. 



The foetus, while in the womb, appears to many to 



Z O R 



be a real zoophyte, growing to the mother by the funi- 

 culus umbilicalis, as plants do to the earth by their ftem. 

 See FcETUs, and Embryo. 



Concerning the zoophyte called boramet%, fee Acnus 

 Scythicus. 



'Loovw.YT^-Marygolct. See Marygold. 



Zoophytes, Chemical Compofition of. See Shells and 

 Vermes. 



ZOOTOMY, Zamojjin, compounded of ^mv, animal, and 

 T=|U«!ii, / cut, the art, or aft, of diftefting animals, or 

 living creatures. 



Zootomy amounts to the fame with anatomy, or rather 

 comparative anatomy. See Anatomy'. 



ZOPARITUS, m Ancient Geography, a town of Afia, 

 in Melitene, on this fide of the Euphrates. Ptol. 



ZOPH, in Geography, a town of Syria ; 25 miles S.S.E. 

 of Jerufalem. 



ZoPH, a diftrift in the N. part of the government of 

 Diarbekir. 



ZOPHA, a town of PrufTia, in Pomerelia ; 10 miles 

 S.W. of Marienburg. 



ZOPHOCIDELUS, in Botany, a word ufed fometimes 

 as an epithet with the word chamdeon, and fometimes fingly 

 as the name of a plant, in both cafes expreffing the black 

 chamxleon-thiftle, which the ancients carefully diftinguiftied 

 in their writings from the white kind ; the former beiug a 

 poifonous plant, the other not fo. 



ZOPHORIC. See ZooPHORic. 



ZOPHORUS. See Zoophorus. 



ZOPISSA, ZuTno-Ta, naval pitch, a kind of mixture of 

 pitch and tar, fcraped off from the fhips that have been a 

 long time :U fea. See iVji'a/ Pitch. 



Tlie word feems formed from ^vj, bulUo, I boil, and wiero-a, 

 pitch ; q. d. concoBed pitch. 



This matter, by being gradually penetrated by the fait of 

 the fea, becomes impregnated with its qualities ; and, being 

 applied to the body externally, is found refolutive and 

 deficcative. 



ZOPPO, in the Italian Mufic, is applied to all thofe 

 counterpoints defcribed under the article Obligato, &c. 

 Thus they fay, contra-punto alia %oppa, a lame or hopping 

 counterpoint ; becaufe, in thefe, a note is placed between 

 two others, each of half its value in time. When this 

 comes to be played or fung, the voice or inftrument feems 

 to proceed by unequal leaps or fteps, hke thofe of a lame 

 perfon. See the example here annexed. 



iSi^SiS^iigi^ 



m 



EI 



■M2i 



W 



There are contra punto alia %oppa fopra il fogstto, as well 

 as fotto il fogetto, i. e. above and below the fubjeft. See 



SoGETTO. r t I ■ 17 • V 



ZOPPOLA, in Geography, a town of Italy, m f ruUi ; 

 13 miles N.N. W. of Concordia. . 



ZOQUES, a diftrift of Mexico, in the province ot 

 Chiapa, bordering on Tabafco. ,1 



ZORABA, a word ufed by fome of the chemical 

 writers to exprefs vitriol. ZORAH 



