2YG0PHYLLUM. 



the edges of whofe inflexed valves feem to conftitute the 

 partitions ; yet the cells do burlt at the outer margin, as 

 well as at the inner. Willdenow defines fourteen fpecies, 

 which we (hail find a necefllty of extending to fixteen. 



1. Z. fimplex. Cylindrical-leaved Bean-Caper. Linn. 

 Mant. 68. Willd. n. I. (Z. portulacoides ; Forflc. iEgypt.- 

 Arab. 88. Ic. t. 12. f. B.)— Leaves fimple, fefllle, cylin- 

 drical. — The moft common of all plants in the drieft parts 

 of the deferts of Arabia, where it is known by the name of 

 Garmal, and efteemed by the Arabs very good for removing 

 fpecks in the eyes, for which purpofe the bruifed leaves are 

 apphed, mixed with water. For this we have the authority 

 of Forfl<all, who fent feeds to Linnaeus. Thefe vegetated 

 at Upfal, but the plants did not live to produce flowers. 

 The root is fimple, tapering, apparently annual. Stem prof- 

 trate, repeatedly forked, round, fmooth. Leaves feflile at 

 each joint, fpreading, an inch long, obtufe, fomewhat 

 dotted. Flowers yellow, quarter of an inch in diameter, 

 almoft feflile. Petals round, with long claws. 



2. Z. cordifoUum. Heart-leaved Bean-Caper. Linn. 

 Suppl. 232. Willd. n. 2. Thunb. Prodr. 80. Ait. n. i. 

 — Leaves fimple, feflile, oppofite, roundifh, fomewhat heart- 

 fliaped. — Gathered by Thunberg, at the Cape of Good 

 Hope, from whence it was fent by Mr. Maflbn to Kew 

 garden, in 1774. This is a green-houfe_/^r«i, flowering in 

 Oftober. We have feen no fpecimen. 



3. Z. Fahago. Common Bean-Caper. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 551. Willd. n. 3. Ait. n. 2. ( Capparis Fabago ; Dod. 

 Pempt. 747. Ger. Em. 897. Bed. Eyft. aftiv. ord. 10. 

 t. 1. f. I. C. leguminofa ; Lob. Ic. v. 2. 58. Fabago 

 Belgarum ; Dalech. Hifl:. 456. Telephium Diofcoridis ; 

 Column. Ecphr. 132.1.131. Morgfani ; Rauw. It. 1. 1 13.) 

 — Leaves conjugate, ftalked ; leaflets obovate. Calyx 

 fmooth. Petals entire. Capfule oblong. Stem herbaceous. 

 — Native of Syria, Perfia, Barbary, &c. A hardy, but 

 not common, herbaceous perennial in our gardens, flower- 

 ing in autumn, cultivated by Gerarde, in 1596, and feen a 

 few years afterwards, in the garden of cardinal Aldobran- 

 dini, at Rome, by Fabius Columna, who took this plant 

 for the Telephium of Diofcorides, and has left us a molt 

 faithful reprefentation of it, too much neglefted by Lin- 

 naeus and recent authors, who only refer to Dodona»u3. 

 Whether Columna erred or not with refpeft to the name, 

 the reader will judge by confulting the article Telephjum. 

 The root is tapering, flefliy, producing from its crown feve- 

 ral fpreading, zJtemately branched, leafy, round, herbaceous, 

 {moot\iJlems, one and a half or two feet high. Leaflets an 

 inch long, entire, fmooth, green, unequal at the bafe, fur- 

 niftied with a principal rib, and one or two fmaller ones. 

 Footjlalks rather ftiorter than the leaflets, fweUing upwards, 

 fmooth, channelled, crowned with a fmall, intermediate, 

 awl-fhaped point, like an abortive leaflet. St'tpulas between 

 the footftalks, in pairs, membranous, ovate, pointed, oblique. 

 Flotuers yellow, on fimple, axillary, oppofite, nearly upright 

 ftalks, hardly fo long as the footftalks. Calyx-leaves con- 

 cave, quarter of an inch long, green, even, with a mem- 

 branous edge. Petals rather longer, obtufe. Nedaries 

 jagged, almoft peftinate. Five of the Jlamens deflexed, 

 five afcending. Capfule above an inch in length. Seeds 

 numerous. 



4. Tj.fatidum. Fostid Bean-Caper. Schrad. Sert. Han- 

 nov. 17. t. 9. Willd. n. 4. Ait. n. 3. (Z. infuave ; Curt. 

 Mag. t. 372. ) — Leaves conjugate, ftalked ; leaflets obovate. 

 Calyx downy. Petals jagged. Capfule roundilh. Stem 

 fhrubby. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope, from whence 

 it was introduced in 1790, by Mr. Maflbn. This is a hardy 

 green-houfe (hrub, flowering all fummer lor.p, but rendeied 



Vol. XXXIX. 



undefirable by the ftrong fox-like fcent of its lea'oes, refem- 

 bhng that of the Crown Imperial, and pecuharly offenfivc 

 when the honfe is either fliut up, or warmed by the fun. 

 The flirubby7?cm diftinguifhes this fpecies from the laft "; 

 but the fliort, roundifh, or obovate, fruit, and jagged *rtai>*, 

 which are five times the length of the calyx, and marked 

 with a red fpot at the bafe of their limb, aff^ord effential 

 marks of difference. Z. retrofyaBum of Thunberg, eked 

 with a mark of doubt by Willdenow, has no refemblance to 

 either. 



5. Z. maculatum. Spotted-flowered Bean-Caper. Ait. 

 ed. I. V. 2. 60. ed. 2. n. 4. Willd. n. 5 — " Leaves conju- 

 gate, ftalked; leaflets linear-lanceolate."— Native of the 

 Cape of Good Hope, from whence it was introduced, in 

 1782, by George Wynch, efq. A green-houfe ftirub, 

 flowering in Oaober and November. The petals are yel- 

 low, vrith a red heart-fliaped fpot, at the bafe of each, 

 above which, in the three upper ones only, is a tranfverfe 

 red line. Alton. 



6. Z. coccineum. Scarlet-flowered Bean-Caper. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 551. Willd. n. 6. (Z. defertorum ; Forfl<. ^gypt.- 

 Arab. 87. Ic. t. 11. Fabago arabica teretifolia, flore 

 coccineo ; Shaw Afric. n. 231. f. 231.)— Leaves conjugate, 

 on a flefliy ftalk ; leaflets cylindrical, fmooth. Capfule ob- 

 long.— Plentiful in the arid valleys of the defert, between 

 Cairo and Suez. The Arabs call this plant Rollrajt. All 

 kinds of cattle, even the camel, refufe to eat it. ForJkaH. 

 The Jlem is ftirubby, afcending, much branched, often a 

 foot and a half high. Leaflets half or three-quarters of an 

 inch long, obtufe, thick and fucculent, quite fmooth, fup- 

 ported in pairs on a club-fliaped/oo//?j/i, fomewhat more in 

 length. Petals red, pointed. Capfule near an inch long. 

 The fliape of the capfule and leaflets, not to mention the 

 colour of the Jloivers, diftinguifhes this fpecies from the 

 following. 



7. Z. album. White Bean-Caper. Linn. Sp. PI. 551. 

 Mant. 379. Willd. n. 7. Ait. n. 5. Linn. fil. Dec. 1. 

 ri. t. 6. Sm. Fl. Grasc. Sibth. t. 371, unpubiiflied. (Z. 

 proliferum ; Forflc jEgypt.-Arab. 87. Ic. t. 12. f. A.) — 

 Leaves conjugate, on a flefliy ftalk ; leaflets obovate, downy 

 and hoary. Capfule roundifh, five-lobed. — Native of Egypt, 

 Cyprus, Barbary, &c. Forfl-call found it very abundantly 

 about Alexandria ; and Desfontaines near Tripoli, as men- 

 tioned by Shaw. Mr. Maflbn met with it in the Canary 

 iflands, and fent plants or feeds to Kew, in 1779, where 

 this fpecies is faid to be kept in the dry ftove, but not 

 yet to have flowered. The flem is woody, diffufe, much 

 branched, and very leafy. Leaves oppofite, or aggregate, 

 being accompanied by axillary tufts of fmaller ones. The 

 leaflets, as well as their foot/lali, are thick, round, and juicy, 

 both hoary, like the young branches, with fine, fliort, denfe 

 pubefcence : the former are obovate, or almoft globular, 

 feldom a quarter of an inch long : the footflali twice as much, 

 and club-lhaped. Flowers a third of an inch broad. Calyx 

 reddifli. Petals white, obtufe, crenate. Germen roundifh, 

 depreffed, downy, wfith five rounded lobes. Capfule of the 

 fame (hape ; its coat, according to Forfl<all, pulpy, and 

 there are only two feeds in each cell. The fligma is repre- 

 fented, in Mr. Ferdinand Bauer's drawing, rather flightly 

 notched, not fimple, as defcribed by the younger Linnseus ; 

 but ftill lefs can we difcern the five zcateji^as, mentioned 

 in the Mantiffa. 



8. Z. Morgsana. Four-leaved Bean-Caper. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 551. Willd. n. 8. Ait. n. 6. ( Fabago capenfis fru- 

 tefcens major ; Dill. Ehh. 142. t. 1 16. f. 141. F. triphylla 

 et tetraphylla, flore quadripetalo, fruSu membranaceo qua- 

 drangulari ; Burm. Afric. 7. t. 3. f. 2. Planta africana. 

 F f frutefcens, 



