ALB 



(fee thai article) anfwers in habit, and in feveral charafters, 

 to Atanglum ; but its fruit is not fuificiently known to allow 

 of an abfolute decifion, nor do the anthers agree. 



1. A. decapetalum. Sage-leaved Alangium. Lamarck 

 n. I. Willd. n. I. Ait. n. i. Vahl Symb. v. 2. 61. 

 ( Grewia falvifolia ; Linn. Suppl. 409. Angolam ; Rheede 

 Hort. Malab. v. 4. 39.1. 17. Arbor indica baccifera, fruclu 

 umbilicato rotundo, cerafi magnitudine dicocco ; Raii Hift. 

 V. 2. 1497.) — Flowers with ten petals. Branches becominor 

 fpinous. — Native of the Eaft Indies. Koenig fent fpecimens 

 to Linnius, and in the year 1779 he alio communicated 

 feeds from Ceylon to Kew garden ; but their progeny has 

 not yet flowered, if it be ftill alive. Rheede defcribes this 

 as a handfome tree, an hundred feet high, and twelve in cir- 

 cumference, with fpreading branches, white hard wood, and 

 a bitterifti, acrid, aromatic bark. The root is fungous, 

 reddifti, fragrant and bitter, v.-ith a yellowifh bark. The 

 branches be^r leaves and flowers together, and finally aflume 

 a fliarp fpinous termination. Leaves alternate, on lliort 

 downy ftalks, ovate-oblong, obtufe, entire, ribbed, veiny, 

 four or five inches long, pliant, fragrant ; fmooth and fliining 

 above ; paler, reticulated, and roughifn, beneath. Flowers 

 axillary, either folitary, or two or three together, on fimplc, 

 (hort, downy ftalks. Calyx downy. Petals rather filky 

 externally ; white within. Anthers bright red. Fruit the 

 fize of a large cherry ; downy when young ; purplirti when 

 ripe, full of fweet fragrant pulp, which is efteemed very 

 delicious, and contains one, two, or three black yefd!f. The 

 inhabitants of Malabar compare the Jloivers to an imperial 

 diadem, and therefore confider this tree as an emblem of 

 royalty. The exprefled juice of the root is purgative, and 

 ufed for expelling inteftinal worms. Its powder is thought 

 an antidote for the bites of ferpents, and other venomous 

 animals. 



2. A. hexapetalum. Broad-leaved Alangium. Lamarck 

 n. 2. Willd. n. 2. Vahl Symb. v. 2. 62. (Kara Ango- 

 lam ; Rheede Hort. Malab. v. 4. 55. t. 26. Arbor indica 

 prunifera, fructu umbilicato corticofo perfici fimili ; Raii 

 Hift. v. 2. 1483.) — Flowers with fix petals. Branches not 



fpinous Native of the coaft of Malabar, in ftony, fandy, 



mountainous places, alv.'avs in flower and leaf. Its trunk 

 is of lofty ftature, but inferior to the former. Leaves 

 broader, more ovate, and pointed, fmooth, bitter and acrid, 

 but not aromatic ; paler beneath. Flowers fmaller, whitiih, 

 nearly feflile, with only fix petals. Fruit globofe, the fize 

 of a fmall apple, having a thick, downy, purple coat, and 

 vifcid acid pulp. 



3. A. tomentofum. Downy Alangium. Lamarck n. 3. — 

 " Branches fcarcely fpinous. Leaves oblong, bluntifli ; their 

 ribs downy beneath, like the footftalks." — Found in the 

 Eaft Indies by Sonnerat. Allied to the firft fpecies in the 

 form of its leaves, and to the fecond in the nature of its 



fruit. The flowers are unknown. The young fhoots, ftalks, 

 calyx, and ribs of the leaves, are clothed with fliort cottony 

 down. Lamarei. 



AL-ARAF, 1. 5, for Alcoran r. Koran. 



ALASAN, in Geography, the Auxan of Strabo, a river 

 of Georgia, wliich feparates this province from Shirvan, and 

 taking its rife near that of the Araqui, not far from the gates 

 of Caucafus, purfues a S.E. courfe, until it meets the Kur 

 or Cyrus at DouhizU. About 30 miles above this place it is 

 joined by the Kabri or Yari, which fertilizes the greateft 

 part of the province of Kaket. 



ALBA LoNGA, 1. 8, for furrowed r. farrowed. 



ALBANIA, col. 2, 1. 5, add— Mr. Hobhoufe rates the 

 population of Albania at about i,2oo,ow fouls. 



ALB 



ALBANS, St., a townftiip of America, 1. i, for 2t6 



r. 1669. •' ^ 



ALBANY. Add after Saratoga— It is now reftrifted to 

 an area of 462 fquare miles, or 295,689 acres. By the 

 cenfus in 18 10, its population confifted of 34,661 fouls, its 

 lenatonal eledors were 2971, and the number of flaves was 

 772. 



Albany, 1. 4. This city and fuburbs in 18 12 contained 

 about 12, ocxD inhabitants, 1 800 houfes and ftores, lohoufes 

 for public worlhip, and feveral pubhc buildings. 



Albany, a townfhip of the diftrift of Maine, in the 

 county of Oxford, with 165 inhabitants. 



ALBEMARLE, a county of America, &c. contained, 

 in 1810, 18,268 inhabitants, of whom 9226 were flaves. 



ALBERT I., 1. 9, for between r. with. Col. 2, 1. 1 1 

 from the bottom, for Rhees r. Reus, and dele near Schaff- 

 haufen. 



Albert'j or Current Dollar, with i and \ ditto, Dutch 

 filver coins valued at 50, 25, and I2^ftivers, each about 

 I per cent. agio. Albert's dollar is affo ufed as a money 

 of account at Riga. See Rix-dollar. 



ALBUMEN, in Chemijlry. Confiderable additions have 

 been made to our knowledge refpefting this important animal 

 principle Cnce the firft volume of the Cyclopaedia was pub- 

 liftied. Thefe we fliall briefly notice here. 



The firft thing deferving to be mentioned is the diftinftion 

 between coagulation, gelatinization, 2jid precipitation, terms which 

 had been always confounded till Dr. Boftock defined their 

 difference. By coagulation is now underftood the paifing of 

 a fubftance fi-om a fluid to a fohd ftate by the agency of 

 heat only, or, in fome inftances, without the immediate co- 

 operation of any external agent ; as, for example, in the 

 coagulation of the fibrin of the blood. Gelaiinization is the 

 property which a warm folution of jelly poffefies of becoming 

 concrete as it cools. Precipitation is the effeft which di^ 

 ferent fubftances or re-agents produce by combining and 

 forming folid compounds with the principles operated upon. 

 The next circumftances deferving of notice are the eflFeC^s 

 of galvanifm upon albumen, as afcertained by Mr. Brande. 



Mr. Brande found, that when albumen was expofed to 

 the aftion of a galvanic battery, an apparent coagulation 

 took place at the negative pole, as well as at the pofitive. The 

 effefts of this agent, however, were different, according 

 to its intenfity. Thus, with a comparatively high pov.er, 

 the coagulation went on rapidly at the negative pole, and 

 flowly at the pofitive ; whereas, with a ver\- low power, 

 the coagulation was comparatively rapid at the pofitive 

 pole, while at the negative pole no coagulation took place, 

 the fmall proportion of albumen being retained in folution 

 by the alkali attracted thither. Dr. Murray, however, who 

 faw thefe experiments repeated in a general manner bv Mr. 

 Ellis, thinks that Mr. Brande was deceived, and that the 

 appearance of coagulation was produced only from the 

 numerous aerial bubbles entangled in the vifcid albumen. 



The opinion entertained by chemifts at prefent rffpefting 

 the coagulation of albumen, does not differ much fi-om that 

 of Bucquet, who confidered it as a fort of foap, the animal 

 matter being retained in folution by the foda prefent. Aa 

 opinion, clofely refembhng this, has been lucceflively ad- 

 vanced by Dr. Thomfon, fir Humphry Davy, and Mr. 

 Brande, who appear to confider this albumen as merely 

 a folution of an animal matter in water and foda, and that 

 all the agents known to coagtilate or precipitate it, £& 

 by abftrafting the foda and water. 



The effeifls of acids and other re-agents upon albumen, 

 although they have been mentioned in a general manner in 



the 



