A M A 



famous fof its manufafture of leather ; and it is alfo 

 a mart of' commerce between Ifpahan and Bagdad, and 

 between Bagdad and Tekroun. N. lat. 35'^ 51'. E. 



long. 48". 



AMADIA. Add — This town does not contain above 

 600 houfes ; but the plain, at the foot of the hill, is covered 

 with dependent villages. It is nominally dependent upon 

 the pacha of Bagdad, but pays him no tribute. 



AMANDA, a townfhip of Ohio, in the county of Fair- 

 field, having 836 inhabitants. 



AMANITA, in Botany, a/^avi1ai, an old Greek name 

 for Fungi in gener.il, is ufed by Haller, after Dillenius, for 

 the whole Linnajan genus of Agaricus, (fee that article,) 

 or nearly fo. Perfoon adopts it for fucli fpecies only as are 

 furnifhed with a voha, which, on that account, he confiders 

 generically diftinft. — Perf. Syn. Fung. 246 — Clafs and 

 order, Cryptogamia Fungi. Nat. Ord. Fungi. 



EfT. Ch. Stalk with a wrapper at the bafe. Head flediy. 

 Gills crowded, nearly undivided. 



Obf. The bead is generally warty, and ihe Jfali elongated, 

 either naked, or furnifhed with a ring. Perfoon defcribes 

 feventeen fpecies, partly wrong numbered, all which, being 

 more or lefs remarkable, and fome of them very much fo, 

 we (hall in order enumerate, with the addition of one. 



Seft. I. Stalk furroundtd at the bafe with a diJlinR wrap- 

 per, but dejlitute of a ring at the top. 



I. A. livida. "Livid Egg-Agaric. Perf. Difp. Meth. 66. 

 (Agaricus plumbeus ; SchxfF. Fung. v. 4. 37. t. 85, 86. 

 With. Bot. Arr. V. 4. 244. Fl. Dan. t. ioia. A. vagina-, 

 tus ; Bulliard t. 512. f. M, according to Perfoon.)— Head 

 boffed, flattilh, ftriated, livid lead-coloured. Gills white, 

 as well as the long ftalk. — Not uncommon in autumn, after 

 rain, about the (kirts of woods, and borders of fields. The 

 wrapper burfts irregularly. The Jla/i is hollow, and rather 

 long in proportion, about twice the diameter of the head, 

 which is protuberant and brownifh in the middle, greyifh- 

 lead-coloured and ftriated at the margin. Some individuals 

 are much thicker than others. Schaeffer gives a good repre- 

 fentation of the various ftates and forms of this fpecies. 

 The head is fometimes ftudded with angular warts, at leaft 

 when young, as reprefented by Battarra, Leucomyces gemma- 

 tus, Batt. Fung. Arim. 28. t. 6. f. B. commended highly in 

 Withering ; and by Micheli, t. 78. f. 2. Thefe figures 

 exhibit a ftate and habit of the plant, the reverie of what 

 appears in the Fl. Dan. and efpecially in BuUiard. This is 

 generally allowed to be a poifonous fungus. Some varieties 

 ^e indicated by Perfoon, one with yellowiih gills, Schacff. 

 t. 244 ; and another with a browner head, and tapering/a«, 

 found in fir woods, which feems to conneft the prefent with 



the following fpecies. , • d r v.r 



2.K.fpadUea. Tawny-brown E^gg-Agaric. Perf. Diip. 

 Meth. 66. (Agaricus badius ; Schaff. Fung. v. 4. 63. 

 t. 24c. With. V. 4. 227. A. fulvus ; ib. t. 95. A. vagi- 

 natus ; BuUiard t. 512, f. N ?)-Head fomewhat beU-lhaped, 

 bofl"ed, ftriated, brittle, orange-brown. Gills white. Stalk 

 pale brown, fcaly — Found in dry woods, about Augult, 

 in various parts of England and Germany. Akm to the 

 foregoing, but much more delicate in texture. We fhould 

 fcarcelv think it more than a variety. . „ r 



i. A. incarnata. Fleih-coloured Egg- Agaric. Perf. n. 3. 

 ( «' Agaricus incarnatus ; Batfch. Elench. Fung. 5 1 . Fun- 

 gus magnus efculentus ; e tolva erumpens, pileolo viUofo 

 albo, lamellis carneis, pediculo cybndrico glabro, pariter 

 albo ; Mich. Gen. 182. t. 76. f. 1 ; not f. 2 as Perfoon has 

 it. )_Head hemifpherical, white, hairy. Gills flelh-coloured. 

 Stalk white, cyUndrical — Found by Micheh, on old hali- 

 decayed trt^es, in the woods of Viareggio near Florence, m 

 Vol. XXXIX. 



A M A ' 



June. No other botanift feems to have met with this fungusi 

 at leaft not in the ftate defcribed by Micheh. He reprefents 

 it of very large dimenfions, the head full fix inches broad, 

 while in its convex ftate, and covered with fine hairs. Wrap- 

 per much divided and jagged, tumid. Stalk fix inches high, 

 fmooth, thick, and very ftraight. 



Albertini and Schweiniz, in their very learned Confpceius 

 Fungorum, 142, fpeak of what they deem a variety of this, 

 whofe head is fmooth, fcarcely bearing any imnute fibres 

 or fcales, by no means hairy or ftiagg)'. Ever)- other part 

 agrees with Micheh's account. The undifplayed gills are 

 white, foon affuming a rofy flefli-colour from the feminal 

 powder. Head never becoming quite flat ; the border 

 neither furrowed nor ftriated. 



4. A. virgata. Striped Egg-Agaric. Perf. Difp. Meth. 

 18 and 66. (Agaricus volvaceus ; Bulliard t. 262. Sowerb. 

 Fung. t. I. With. v. 4. 286. Relh. Cant. 507. A. latus ; 

 With. V. 4. 231 ?) — Aggregate. Head conical-bellfhaped, 

 fomewhat hairy, grey ftreaked with black. Gills reddifh- 

 cinnamon-coloured. — This occurs chiefly on the rotten tan 

 of hot-beds, in fummer. The Jlalk is often a foot high, 

 flender in proportion, of a dirty wliite, burfting from a 

 large pale-olive wrapper. Head about three inches broad, 

 fplitting into feveral unequal portions. Perfoon efteems 

 Schasffer's Agaricus hombycinus, t. q8, as perhaps a mere 

 variety of the above, with a yellowHh "wrapper, and a 

 ftiaggy<oated head. Dr. Withering diftinguifhes between 

 the plants of Bulliard and Sowerby. The latter is certainly 

 Relhau's. 



y. A. pufitla. Small Egg-Agaric. Perf. Obf. Mycol. 

 v. 2. 36. t. 4. f. 4, 5. (Agaricus volvaceus minor ; Bull, 

 t. 330, not 530.)— Head hemifpherical, bcfTed, pellucid, 

 of a pearly white, fomewhat cottony. G\\\» flelh-coloured. 

 Stalk white, rather longer than the breadth of the head. — 

 Native of gardens and woods in autumn, in a fouthern 

 expofure. Bulliard. We have not heard of this fpecies in 

 Britain. Its appearance is elegant and deUcate. Head an 

 inch, or inch and a half, in diameter. Wrapper turbinate, 

 much divided, permanent. 



Seft. 2. Stalk proceeding from a lax wrapper, and fur- 

 nifhed at the upper part with a ring. 



6. A. verna. Vernal Egg -Agaric. Lamarck Dift. v. i . 

 113. Perf. n. 6. (Agaricus bulbofus vernus ; Bulliard 

 t. 1 08. Fungus totus candidus, pileolo ampliore, glutine 

 limacino infefto, pediculo tenuiori cyhndrico, annulo ftric- 

 tiori cinfto; Mich. Gen. 171? at the fuggeftion of La- 

 marck.) — Pure white in every part. Head at length con- 

 cave, iomewhat funnel-fhaped. Ring pendulous. Stalk 

 elongated, folid, cyhndrical — Common in woods in Fraiice 

 during the fpring. Bulliard fays many pcrfons have died 

 from eating this fungus by miftake for the white-gilled 

 variety of the Common Muftiroom. It may be kept in the 

 mouth for eight or ten minutes, before its acrimony, refem- 

 bling pepper, becomes perceptible. If the wrapper at the 

 bafe be attended to, the plant can never be confounded with 

 any eatable Agaric. 



7. A. porphyria. Purple Egg-Agaric. Albert, and 

 Schwein. Confp. 142. n. 401. t. 11. f. i.— Head convex, 

 naked, fmooth, of a livid purphfh-browo. Ring neariy of 

 the fame colour. Gills and ftalk white.— Not rare m moift, 

 turfy, moffy fpots, in fir woods more efpecially, over which 

 it is fcattered in September and Oaobcr. Habit oiA. 

 viridis, n. 9, but only half the fizc. Stali tlu^ee or four- 

 inches high, too dark-coloured in the figure. Head almoft 

 as much in breadth, never found with warts ; very rarely 

 and (lightly ftriated at the margin. , . „ , 



8. A. iulhfa. White Bulbous Egg-Agaric. Perf. n. 7. 



'' p p Albert. 



