ANA 



fofteiied to tears, and not only faved him but the reft of the 

 fur\-ivors. Habits of debauchery broke down the fultan's 

 conftitution in the prime of hfe, and he facrificed his hfe in a 

 revel at the feaft of Bairam, in February 1640, at the age of 

 31. Mod. Univ. Hill. 



AMUSKEAG Falls, 1. 10, for acrofs r. a little 

 below. 



AMWELL. Add— Alfo, a townfliip of Hunterdon, 

 in New Jerfey, containing 5727 inhabitants. — AUb, a town- 

 ftiip of Pennfylvania, in Waftiington county, having 1673 

 inhabitants. 



ANADENIA, in Botany, fo named by Mr. Brown, 

 from a, without, and aorv, a gland, becaufe the nectariferous 

 glands, ufual in fome neighbouring genera, are wanting. — 

 Brown Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 10. 166. Prodr. Nov. Holl, 

 V. I. 374. — Clafs and order, Tetrandria Monogynia. Nat. 

 Ord. Proteacex, JufT. Brown. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. none. Con Petals four, equal, regular, 

 cohering by their lower part into a tube, hnear, at length 

 revolute ; their fummits dilated, concave, bearing the ftamens. 

 Stam. Filaments four, verj- fhort, inferted into the hollow 

 near the tip of each petal ; anthers roundifh, funk in the 

 faid hoUow. Pijl. Germen with rudiments of two feeds, 

 fuperior, llalked, half-ovate, erect, without any gland at the 

 bale ; ityle cyHndrical, incurved ; liigma vertical, conical. 

 Perk. Follicle llalked, of one cell, crowned with the ftyle. 

 Seed folitary, comprelTed, without a wing. 



EIT. Ch. Petals four, regular. Stamens funk in the 

 cavities of the limb. Nectariferous glands none. Stigma 

 conical. Follicle of one cell. Seed fohtary, without a 

 wing. 



A Ihrubby genus, akin to Grevillea. (See that 

 article.) Leaves either pinnatifid or lobed, their outline 

 wedge-fhaped. Spikes terminal or lateral ; Jlowers in pairs, 

 each pair accompanied by a fmgle Iraclea, the uppermolt 

 fometimes earlier than the reft. 



■ I . A. pukhella. Elegant Anademia. — Leaves pinnatifid, 

 (lightly hairy ; lobes wedge-ftiaped, three-cleft or pinnatifid 

 at the extremity. Spikes flowering from the top down- 

 wards. Follicles glutinous. — Native of ftony hills in Lewin's 

 land, on the fouth coaft of New Holland, where this, as 

 well as the two following fpecies, were gathered by Mr. 

 Brown. 



2. A. trtfida. Three-cleft Anadenia. — Leaves wedge- 

 {haped, triple-ribbed, without veins, three-cleft ; filvery 

 beneath : lobes entire, or the lateral ones with two or 

 three teeth. — -Found in woods, on a fandy foil, in Lewin's 

 land. Leaves only the length of the finger-nail. " Perhaps 

 a dillindt genus, the corolla being irregular, Jligma a little 

 different from the reft, and the follicle woody, fphttmg into 

 two parts." Br. InTr. of Linn. Soc. 



3. A. ilicifolta. Holly-leaved Anadenia. — Leaves wedge- 

 Ihaped, veiny ; filverv beneath ; tapering at the bafe ; pin- 

 natifid half way down. — Found on the fandy fea-coaft of 

 Flinder's land, on the fouth coaft of New Holland, with 

 unexpanded flowers, and no fruit. Leaves an inch long. 

 Broivn. 



ANAGNORISIS. See Catastrophe. • 



ANALCIME. See Zeolite. 



ANALYSIS, in Cbemlflry. The analyfis of minerals, 

 including earths, flones, and the ores of metals, and the 

 analylis of organized bodies, or vegetable and animal fub- 

 ilances, have been omitted ; we ftiaJl, therefore, introduce 

 a fummary account of thefe fublefts here, and at the fame 

 time endeavour to fupply what has been omitted under other 

 analogous heads. 



Analyjis of Minerals The particular methods of ana- 



ANA 



lyling different minerals and ores are given under their 

 refpeftive heads ; our object here is to give a fummary view 

 of chemical analyfis m general, a fubjed often referred to 

 m the Cyclopaedia, but whicli has been unaccountably 

 omitted. ^ 



" The progrefs," fays Dr. Thomfon,' " which the art of 

 analyhng minerals has made within thefe laft thirty years is 

 truly aftoniftiing. To fcparate five or fix fubftances inti- 

 mately combined together, to exliibit each of them fepa- 

 rately, to afcertain the precife quantity of each, and even to 

 deteft the pivfence of the weight of fubftances which do not 

 approach the five-hundredth part of the compound, would, 

 at no very remote period, have been confidered as a hopelefs, 

 if not an impoffible tailc ; yet this can now be done with 

 confiderable accuracy." 



Margraff of Beriin was the firft who undertook the ana- 

 lyfis of minerals. He was followed by Bergman and 

 Scheele, who very much improved this department of che- 

 miftry. Tlie ip.defatigable and ingenious Ivlaproth fucceeded, 

 to whom the prefent improved ftate of the analyfis of 

 minerals is more indebted than to any other individual. To 

 Vauquelin and Berzehus hkewife we are much indebted, as 

 well as to many other eminent living chemifts. In (hort, this 

 iiiterefting branch of chemirtry is ttill daily making rapid 

 progrefs, and will doubtlefs ere long become much more 

 perK-Ct than it is even at prefent. 



Minerals of a faline nature, and foluble in water, may be 

 analyfed by the methods pointed out in the article Water, 

 Mineral Analyfis of. 



Hard ftony minerals are firll to be reduced to a ftate 

 of powder. When they are extremely hard, they may be 

 heated to rednefs, and then thrown into cold water, which will 

 caufe them to crack and fly to pieces ; and this procefs may 

 be repeated, if neceffary. The mineral is then to be reduced 

 to a coarfe powder, in a fteel or agate mortar (fee Labo- 

 uatory) ; and when thus reduced, a given weight of it, 

 100 grains for example, is to be reduced in a fimilar mortar 

 (one of agate is preferable) to an impalpable powder. 

 The powder, after this operation, will be generally found 

 heavier than before, owing to the abrafion of the mortar ; 

 and this addition in weight is to be carefully noticed, and 

 aUowed for. If the mortar employed was agate, the addi- 

 tion in weight may be confidered as filex. 



Crucibles of platinium and filver, evaporating difties of 

 glafs or porcelain, and other apparatus and requifites, will 

 be neceffary for the fubfequent proceiTes, all which are de- 

 fcribed under the article Labor.itory above referred to. 

 In the clafs of minerals commonly denominated flones and 

 earths, the ingredients ufually met with are, filica, alumina, 

 zirconia, glucina, lime, and magnefia ; and the oxyds of iron, 

 manganefe, nickel, clirome, and copper. Seldom more than 

 four or five of thefe, however, enter the compofition of a 

 mineral at the fame time ; though, to avoid repetition, we 

 ftiall fuppofe them all to exift at once. 



When a mineral of the above defcription is to be analyfed", 

 100 grains of it in fine powder are to be mixed with three 

 times their weight of pure potafti and a little water, and 

 then introduced into a filver crucible, and expofed to a red 

 heat for upwards of half an hour. Care muft be taken to 

 ffir the mixture well till all the water be driven off, loft, by 

 the ebulhtion, any of the compound ftiould be forced out 

 of the crucible. 



From the appearances prefented during this ftep of the 

 operation, fome conjectures may be ufually formed refpcd- 

 ing the nature of the ftone, fo as to afford fome afflftance in 

 the future fteps of the analyfis. If the matter melts com- 

 pletely, it may be concluded that the mineral is chiefly 

 Q q 2 filiccous. 



