A N O 



A N O 



white at the bafe. CapfuU rough, with crowded, glandu- 

 lar, or papillary, protuberances. Mr. Ker conceives Ixia 

 exclfa, Linn. Suppl. 92, or at leaft one of its varieties, to 

 be the fame plant ; but the fpecimens in the Linnxan her- 

 barium are hirely different. They may indeed prove an- 

 other fpecies of Anomatheca, but this can only be afcertained 

 by their capfule, which is wanting in all of them. A.juncea 

 is certainly Gladiohs amabllis of Mr. Salilbury's Prodr. 41, 

 (not 4,) as appears by a fpecimen from himfelf. He was 

 the firft author who noticed the peciJiar roughncfs of the 

 capfule, which he compares to the fruit of a Caucalis. Few 

 01 the fame natural order can be much more diftinft than 

 Jacquin's G.Jloribundus, Ic. Rar. t. 254, cited by Thun- 

 berg, with a faulty reference, in his Fl. Capenfu. 



ANONACEjE, the fourth natural order of the Dko- 

 tyledonex, or Exogenic, of De Candolle ; feparated by him 

 from the Coadimatu of Linnaeus, and anfwering to the 

 Anonic of Juflieu, being thus named after Anona, one of the 

 chief genera. De Candolle thus defines the order. 



Calyx of three lobes, very rarely of four. Petals fix, in 

 two rows, alternate with each other ; the inner row fome- 

 times wanting. Stamens indeterminate, unconnedled. Ger- 

 mens indeterminate ; very rarely folitary. Fruit compound, 

 either feparate or combined. Seed with internal procefles, 

 feparating the portions of the albumen. 



Fructification. Calyx inferior, (liort, permanent, 

 more or lefs deeply three-cleft, very rai-ely with four lobes. 

 Petals fix, inferior, in a double row, alternate with each 

 other, moilly coriaceous, and fomewhat refembling an inner 

 calyx, imbricated in the bud, though each row is valvular in 

 that ftate ; the inner one fometimes larger, fometimes fmaller, 

 rarely wanting. Stamens numerous, clofe-prefTed, generally 

 covering the hemifpherical diflc (or receptacle of the 

 flower) ; filaments very (hort ; anthers nearly feffile, with 

 glandular, quadrangular, occafionally nedlariferous points ; 

 their cells burfting longitudinally, externally, and down- 

 wards. Germens moftly numerous, crowded clofely toge- 

 ther, in fome inftances aggregate or combined, in others, 

 though very rarely, and poflibly from abortion, folitary. 

 Styles one to each germen, fhort. Fruits as many as the 

 germens, fefiile or Ilalked, fometimes combined, either 

 pulpy or capfular, with one or many feeds, which are ovate, 

 or ovate-oblong, in one or two rows, inferted into the 

 inner comer of each fruit. "Their f^in is brittle, membra- 

 nous or cruftaceous, having internal, fometimes plaited, 

 procefles, either flat or awl-(haped, infinuating themfelves 

 into the chinks or perforations of the albumen. The latter 

 is flelhy, hard, fhaped like the feed, very often bordered 

 ■with a deprefled furrow, accompanied by tranfverfe plaits, 

 or contiguous perforations. Embryo minute, fituated in the 

 umbilical region of the albumen. Cotyledons fhort. Ra- 

 dicle nearly cylindrical. 



Habit. Trees or flirubs, with round, often flightly two- 

 ranked, branches, whofe bark is moftly either reticulated, or 

 warty ; the young ones generally downy. Lea-ves alter- 

 nate, connefted with the ftem by a joint, either feffJe or 

 with (hort footftalks, fimple, almoft always entire, or fcarcely 

 toothed, with pinnate veins ; folded, and often downy, 

 when young. Stipulas none. Floiver-flalks moftly axillary, 

 fometimes lateral, or oppofite to the leaves, folitary, gene- 

 rally furniftied with fmall braSeas ; they are ftiorter than 

 the leaves, bearing one or many flowers, and not uncom- 

 monly twifted into a hook, fome of the flowers being 

 abortive. 



Qualities. The roots, bark, leaves, and fruits, efpe- 

 cially fuch as are capfular, are acrid, pungent, aromatic, 

 and ilimulating, often ufed for feafoning, Thofe fruits 

 lit 



which are of a fleftiy nature arc eatable, and efteemed in 

 tropical climates. 



History. The Anonacea, being all ilrangers to Eu- 

 rope, were unknown to the ancient botaniits. Cafpar 

 Bauhin has fcarcely indicated two fpecies, Linnaeus thir- 

 teen, Willdenow thirty-fix, Perfoon forty-four ; but Dunal 

 in a moft excellent treatifc, almoft literally followed by De 

 Candolle, defines one hundred and five. Of thefe, five are 

 natives of the temperate zone in America ; forty-feven of 

 the tropical regions of the fame quarter of the globe ; 

 eight of equinoxial Africa ; three of the Mauritian ides ; 

 twenty-fix of India or its illands ; fix of China and Japan ; 

 two of New HsUand ; and there are fix whofe native 

 country is uncertain. 



Affinities. This order agrees with the Magnoliacea of 

 the fame learned author, in having the parts of the flower 

 difpofed in a ternary order, anthers united to the filaments, 

 numertous ftamens and piftils ; but differs very effentially 

 ( according to him) in having no ftipulas, and differently 

 (haped anthers as well as feeds. Some few climbing fpecies 

 make an advance towards the Menifpermede ; but the indefi- 

 nite ftamens, and the ftrufture of the fruit, afford a diftinc- 

 tion. The Anonaccte differ from all other polypetalous 

 orders, with a fuperior germen, in the ternary ftrufture of 

 their flowers, as well as in the very peculiar infertion of the 

 internal proceffes of the feed into its albumen. Such a 

 ilrufture was indeed found by Mr. Brown, in his Eupoma- 

 tia (hereafter to be defcribed in its proper place) ; a wenus 

 otherwife very different from the order before us. 



The genera enumerated by De Candolle are, Kadfura of 

 Juflieu ; Anona ot Linnsus ; Monodora of Dunal ; AJi- 

 mina of Adanfon ; Porcelia of Ruiz and Pavon ; U-varia, 

 Xylopia, and Unona of Linna?u3 ; and Guatterra of Ruiz and 

 Pavon. 



ANOPLOTHERIUM, in Natural Hijory, an animal 

 of an extiniS: genus, whofe remains are found in a foffil 

 ftate in the vicinity of Paris. It is fo called by Cuvier, to 

 denote that it was without weapons, having no canine teeth. 

 In the natural fyftem, this animal ftiould be placed between 

 the horfe on one fide, and the hippopotamus, the pig, and 

 the camel on the other. The remains of five fpecies of the 

 anoplotherium have been difcovered. The largeft was the 

 fize of a fmall horfe ; the fmalleft not larger than a fmall 

 rabbit. See Strata in the Vicinity of Paris. 



ANOPTERUS, in Botany, owes that appellation to 

 Labillardiere, who meant to exprefs the fituation of the 

 wing, at the upper part of the feed, the word being formed 

 from a™, up-wards, and trlifcv, a nving. — Labill. Nov. Holl. 

 v. 1. 85. Brown Prodr. Nov. Holl. v. i. 457. — Clafs and 

 order, Hexandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Gentiane, Juff. or 

 perhaps Ericic, according to Mr. Brown. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, in fix deep, 

 acute, equal, fpreading fegments, permanent. Cor. of 

 one petal, bell-'ftiaped ; tube very ftiort ; hmb in fix deep, 

 equal, concave, obtufe, imbricated fegments, much longer 

 than the calyx. Stam. Filaments fix, avvl-ftapcd, fmooth, 

 equal, inferted into the tube of the corolla, oppofite to 

 each fegment, and about half as long ; anthers incumbent, 

 heart -ftiaped, obtufe, two-lobed. Pifl. Germen luperior, 

 ovate ; ftyle ftiort, cylindrical, ereft ; ftigma ui two acute 

 lobes. Peric. Capfule elhptic-oblong, of one cell and two 

 valves. Seeds numerous, inferted into the margin of each 

 valve, pendulous, imbricated, each crowned with an obo- 

 vate, obtufe, membranous wing, thrice its ovvii length. 



Eft. Ch. Calyx in fix fegments, inferior, permanent. 

 Corolla in fix fegments, with a very fliort tube. Stigma 



cloven. 



