A P H 



corolla is full two inches in length. This plant is fo very 

 nearly allied in habit, foliage, colour of the flowers, and their 

 general appearance, to the magnificent Jujl'ic'ia coccinea, Sm. 

 lo. Pi6t. t. 8, that one would think they muft belong to one 

 and the fame genus. But on examination, the three-lobed 

 loiuer lip, two-lobed anthers, and leafy bradeas of the latter, 

 indicate a technical, as well as natural, diftinftion. 



2. A. pulcherrima. Downy-leaved Aphelandra. (Juf- 

 ticia pulcherrima; Jacq. Amer. 6. t. 2. f. 4. Coll. v. 3. 

 (not V. 5.) 252. Ic. Rar. t. 204. Linn. Suppl. 84, 

 Herb. Linn. Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. 86. Vahl Symb. v. 2. 

 14. Enum. V. I. 119. J. arborea ; Mill. Did. ed. 8. 

 n. 7. J. putata ; Loefl. It. 244.) — Leaves elliptic-oblong, 

 pointed ; fmooth above ; finely downy beneath. Brafteas 

 ovate, entire. Corolla fmooth. — Native of South America, 

 flowering in February. Loefling. Houfloun appears to 

 have fent feeds to Miller, who cultivated this fpecies before 

 the year 1733. Mutis communicated a fpccimen to Lin- 

 naeus, which we fee no reafon to diftinguirti from Jacquin's 

 plant, notwithilanding what is recorded in the Supplementum, 

 of the Jlamens being two only ; for we find four in the flower 

 we have examined, bearing the proper fimple anthers of an 

 Aphelandra. How far the complete hoary downinefs of the 

 backs of the leaves, and the fmaller fpikes, with lefs copious 



Jlotuers, may prove the prefent fpecies diftinft from the fore- 

 going, we greatly doubt. Mr. Brown in Hort. Kew. unites 

 them, without marking this as even a variety of crijlata. 



3. A. fcabra. Rough-leaved Aphelandra. (Jufl;icia 

 fcabra ; Vahl Enum. v. i. 120.)-^ — " Leaves elliptic-oblong, 

 acute ; rough on the upper fide. Bra6leas oblong, acute, 

 hairy." — Native of South America. Leaves three inches 

 long, acute at each end ; rough above with prominent 

 points ; veins fomewhat downy beneath. Vahl fpeaks of 

 this as very nearly related to the laft: ; but as Mr. Brown, 

 who had doubtlefs examined fpecimens, enumerates it in his 

 Prodromus as diftinft, and does not fubfequently unite more 

 than the two firft together, we prefume it muft be different, 

 and that the corolla is not fmooth, nor the bradeas entire, 

 both which characters he makes difcriminative of the crijlata, 

 and they certainly exiil likewife in the pulcherrima. 



APHELIA, apparently fo called from o'.$s^)ir,^m/>/c, in 

 allufion to the great fimplicity of parts and ftrudlure in the 

 flower. — Brown Prodr. Nov. Holl. v. i. 251. — Clafs and 

 order, Monnndria Morwgynia. Nat. Ord. Rejliacea, 

 Brown. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Sheath of feveral imbricated, two- 

 ranked, fingle-flowered, pointed, hifpid fcales ; the lower 

 ones fometimes barren, and longer than the reft. Cor. of 

 one membranous valve, at the inner fide of each flower. 

 Stam. Filament one, capillary ; anther fimple. Pijl- Ger- 

 men fuperior, fingle-feeded ; ftyle one, thread-fiiaped ; 

 ftigma folitary, undivided. Peric. Capfule membranous, 

 of one valve, and one cell, burfting longitudinally at one 

 fide. Seed folitary. 



Eff. Ch. Scales two-ranked, fingle-flowered. Corolla 

 of one valve, interior. Anther fimple. Stigma one. Cap- 

 fule burfting longitudinally, at one fide. Seed folitary. 



Obf. This genus is clofely allied to Devauxia of Mr. 

 Brown, which will be defcribed in its proper place hereafter, 

 and from which Jphelia differs in having a fimple pijlil, two- 

 ranked fpiie, and only one valve to the corolla, fituated at 

 the inner fide of the flower. The only known fpecies is 



I. K. cyperoides. Cypeinis-fpiked Aphelia — Difcovered 

 by Mr. Brown, in the fouthern part of Ne\v Holland. A 

 fmall, tufted, grafly herb, refembling fome of the lefler 

 kinds of Scirpus and' Cyperas. Root fibrous. Leaves radical, 



A Q U 



thread-fliaped, (heathing at the bafe. Stalis leaflefs, thread- 

 (haped, undivided. Spiie terminal, folitar^'. 

 APHRITE. See Schaum Earth. 

 APPARITION. Subjoin at the clofe of the article, 

 In the year 1805, Dr. Alderfon of Hull read to the 

 literary fociety of that place, and publiftied in i8li, "An 

 Eflay on Apparitions," defigned to prove, that the imme- 

 diate caufe of thefe fpeftral vifitations hes not in the perturbed 

 fpirits of the departed, but in the difeafed organization of 

 the living. In 181 3 Dr. Ferrier of Manchefter publiflicd, 

 on a more extended fcale, " An Efl^ay towards a Theory of 

 Apparitions," fimilar in refult to the anterior production of 

 Dr. Alderfon. Both admit the reality and univerfality of 

 fpecb-al impreflions, and both attribute them to partial affec- 

 tions of the brain, independent of any fenfible and external 

 agency. Th'efe and other fuch writers, who confider the 

 appearances of ghofts, &c. as the immediate effeft of certain 

 partial but morbid aff^eftions of the brain, confine themfelves 

 to phyfical phenomena, profefl^edly difcarding the confider- 

 ation of any higher efficiency in the feries of caufation, thau 

 what appears to be the refult of difeafed organization ; fo 

 that their difcovery, though completely overturning the 

 common fuperftition as to the return of the departed fpirit, 

 or the invifible interference of angelic agency, is yet, fays 

 Dr. Drake, in the learned volume of his " Shakfpeare and 

 his Times," very reconcileable with the pneumatology of 

 bifliop Horfiey, who conceives that the Deity often afts 

 immediately through his agents on the human fenfory, as a 

 part of the material univerfe, thereby producing difeafe and 

 morbid impreflions. (See Horfley's Nine Sermons on the 

 Nature of the Evidence by which the Faft of our Lord's 

 Refurreftion is eftablifhed.) Our Lord, according to the 

 birtiop, after his refurreftion, was no longer in a ftate to be 

 naturally vifible to any man. His body indeed was rifen, 

 but it was become that body which St. Paul defcribes in the 

 15th chapter of his ift Epiille to the Corinthians; which, 

 having no fympathv with the grofs bodies of this earthly 

 fphere, nor any place among them, muft be indifcernible to 

 human organs, till they fliall have undergone the fimilar re- 

 finement. Accordingly it is alleged, that we are told by 

 St. John, that the body of our Saviour, after his refurrec- 

 tion, could only be feen through the operation of a miracle. 

 " Him God raifed up the third day," and " gave him to 

 be vifible." " Et dedit eum manifeftum fieri." Vulgate. 



APPRECIATION, I. 2. from bottom, r. abbe Feytou 

 for Feyter. 



APRILE GuiSEPPE, in Biography. See Tenducci. 

 AQUILEGIA, in Botany, (fee our former article). 

 The hiftory of this elegant genus is greatly enriched by pro- 

 fefTor De Candolle, who reckons up thirteen fpecies. The 

 following references require to be added. — AVilld. Sp. PI. 

 v. 2. 1245. Mart. Mill. Did. v. i. Ait. Hort. Kew, 

 v. 3. 325. Sm. Fl. Brit. 578. Prodr. Fl. Grac. Sibtii. v. i. 

 372. Purfh 372. De Cand. Syft. v. i. 333. Toum, 

 t. 242. Lamarck Dift. v. I. 149. Illuftr. t. 488. 



Efl". Ch. Calyx none. Petals five, deciduous. Nefta- 

 ries five, gaping and two-lipped at the fummit ; outer lip 

 large and flat ; inner minute ; each extended downwards 

 into a hollow fpur, callous at the point, projetling between 

 the petals. Stamens numerous, dlfppfed in five or ten par- 

 cels, the inner ones abortive, their filaments dilated, mem- 

 branous, and oblong, deftitute of anthers. Germens five, 

 Capfules as many, ered, many-feeded, beaked with tlie 

 ftyles. De Candolle. 



We here, of courfe, alter the phrafeology of our author, 

 with rcfpea to the parts of the flower, as iu Acokitum. 

 U u 2 Thefe 



