A R A 



Jlamens definite. Styles and Jligmas feveral. Fruil pulpVi 

 or rarely capfular, of as many cells as there are ftyles, with 

 a folitary feed in each. Stem either arboreous, or (hrubby, 

 or herbaceous. Leaves alternate, often compound, their 

 footftalk fheathing in its lower part. Flowers umbellate, 

 cither with an invo/ucrum, or, more rarely, naked. 



The genera are, Gajlonia of Commerfon ; Polyfcias of 

 Forfter nearly related thereto ; /Iralia of all authors ; 

 Cujfonia of Linnxus in his Supplementum ; and Panax. 



The ylrali<e are naturally allied to the Umbellata, but 

 differ in having their feeds in a pericarp, inftead of being 

 naked. They are akin to Conius and Heilera, but diilin- 

 guiflied by having more than one ftyle. Jujf- 



ARANEA, col. 2, 1. lo, dele which fee refpeftively, 

 and infert. See Spibek. 



ARAQUI, in Geography, a river of Georgia, next in 

 importance to the Cyrus, or Kur, which, rifing near the 

 gates of Caucafus, flows to the fouth, and after dividing into 

 two equal parts, the fouthern range of mount Caucafus, falls 

 into the Kur, at the town of Tfgette, 25 miles above Tefiis. 

 ARASCHA, a rapid river of Mingrelia, which has its 

 fource near the village of Kemme, and unites, on the borders 

 of the Iberian lordfliip of Sa Schilio, with the Hippus, 

 which rifes in the higheft mountains of the Soani, not far 

 from the fource of the Phafis, flows through Letfghumi, 

 divides Mingrelia from Iberia, and enters the Phafis, near 

 the Tredia. 



ARATUM, ;•. AuATRUM. 



ARAUCARIA, in Botany, a barbarous name, given 

 by Juffieu to the Chili Pine, which Lamarck, Schreber, 

 and Lambert, have called Dombeya. (See that article.) 

 Willdenow has unfortunately retained the above name, 

 becaufe he had already ignorantly followed Cavanilles in 

 calling a genus Domheya, which is not generically diftinft 

 from Pentapetes. Hence Araucarla has found its way into 

 Mr. Aiton's Hortus Kewenfis, where Willdenow is taken 

 as the leading authority, and Dombey's ill fortune ftill pur- 

 fues him. (See our biographical account of that eminent 

 man, which we truft will be our fufiicient juftification in 

 always maintaining the genus which he introduced, and 

 which properly belongs to him : nor have we any doubt 

 tliat our learned countrymen will concur in fupporting his 

 well-earned fame, when they properly confider the fubjeft. ) 

 We have further to obferve, that the Dombeya of Lamarck, 

 or that of Cavanilles, has, neither of them, any preference 

 as to date, both having, we believe, been firft announced in 

 JufTieu's Gen. PI. in 1789, a year before the date of publi- 

 cation of each of thofe authors' works. We are alfo ready 

 to allow that our illultrious friend Jufileu, in the choice he 

 made, was far from concurring in the bafe perfecution of 

 Dombey, originally raifed by the Spaniards. He was 

 however evidently aware that the Dombeya he adopted could 

 hardly be maintained, or at lead that it was not diftinft from 

 Pentapetes phien'icea, now received as Pentapetes. (See 

 that article.) ylraucaria is not, as has been reported, the 

 denomination of the Chili Pine, in any part of the world, 

 but a perverfion of that of its native country, the Arau- 

 canian mountains, and to fuch generic names there are 

 many objeftions. 



ARAUJIA, fo named by profeflbr Brotero, in honour 

 of a Portuguefe nobleman, Don Antonio de Araujo, an 

 eminent patron of botanical fcience. — Brot. Tr. of Linn. 

 Soc. V. 12. 62. — Clafs and order, Pentandna D'lgynia. Nat. 

 Ord. Contortic, Linn. Apocineee, Juff. Afclepiades, Brown. 

 Gen. Ch. CaL Perianth inferior, of one leaf, in five 

 deep, ovate, permanent fegments. Cor, of one petal, bell- 

 (haped ; tube rather longer than the calyx, inflated at the 



A R e 



bafe, with five protuberances ; limb in five deep, ovate, acute 

 fegments, ftiorter than the tube, Ilightly fpreading, their 

 points fomewhat recurved and twiifed. Neftaries five cells 

 in the bafe of the tube, oppofite to the fegments of the 

 limb. Stam. Filaments five, inferted into the bafe of the 

 tube, between the neftaries, fliort, thick, flattened ; anthers 

 arrow-fhaped, each furmounted by a fmall auricle, converging 

 towards the pifl:il ; pollen of two obovate maffes, projefted 

 upon five angles of the ftigma. P//?. Germens two, fuperior, 

 ovate-oblong ; ftyles two, very fhort ; ftigma common to 

 both, large, thick, roundifli-ovate, fmooth, with two acute 

 points at the top, and five glandular lateral tubercles to receive 

 the pollen. Perk. Follicles two, divaricated, large, oblong- 

 oval, coriaceous, fmooth, abrupt, with a fmaU point, one of 

 them often abortive ; partition longitudinal, unconnefted 

 when ripe, except at top and bottom, the difli covered on 

 both fides with numerous elevated, parallel, fharply toothed 

 ridges. Seeds very numerous, inferted into the teeth of the 

 receptacle, imbricated downwards, ovate, clothed with papil- 

 lary pubefcence, and each crowned with a tuft of long filky 

 hairs. 



Efl". Ch. Corolla bell-ftiaped ; tube with five neftari- 

 ferous cells at the bafe. Anthers crowned with a membrane. 

 Stigma with two horns. Follicles fmooth. Seeds comofe. 

 I. A., ferlcofera. Silky Araujia. — Native of Peru, Cul- 

 tivated in the green-houfe at Lifbon, where it flowers in 

 autumn, and ripens feed in fpring. The whole plant abounds 

 with acrid milk, but every part is inodorous. The root is 

 creeping. Stem flirubby, weak, twining, three or four feet 

 high, round, fmooth, branched, leafy ; the young branches 

 rather downy. Leaves oppofite, ftalked, lanceolate, acute, 

 entire, nearly fmooth, an inch and a half to three inches 

 long ; heart-fliaped at the bafe, and marked with two glands 

 on the upper fide, a little above the infertion of each foot- 

 ftalk. Floivers three or four, or more, together, in fliort, 

 lateral, drooping, fmooth, fomewliat corymbofe clujlers, 

 about half the length of the leaves, and inferted between the 

 bafes of the footftalks. Corolla yellowifli-white, marked 

 with purple lines ; downy about the mouth. Follicles three 

 or four inches long. 



ARBELA, 1. 13, after Arbelitis, add — This place, 

 once the capital of the province of Adiabene, has wholly 

 declined from its former importance, and dwindled into a 

 wretched mud town, with a population not exceeding 3000 

 fouls. Part of this town is built on a hill of a conical form, 

 on which probably flood the old caftle, and the remainder 

 of the town encircles the bafe of the hill. The country 

 furrounding Erbille, its prefent name, lying in lat. 36° 11', 

 and between that place and Moful, is fruitful but hilly, and 

 very deficient in wood, there being hardly a tree or even 

 flirub to be feen. 

 ARBITRATION of Exchange. See Exchange, 

 ARCH, 1. 4, fig. 43 ; 1. 23, fg. 43. 

 Anc of a Circle, 1. 1 1, Jig. 45. 



ARCHER, in Geography, a townfliip of Ohio, in the 

 county of .Tefferfon, containing 60 inhabitants. 

 ARCHIPELAGO, col. 2, 1.2, ;-. 2100. 

 ARCTOMYS, in Zoology, See Marmot. 

 ARCTOTHECA, in ^Butany, a name revived from 

 Vaillant, and originally fynonymous with Arctotis, (fee 

 that article, ) from which the genus we are about to defcribe 

 has recently been feparated, chiefly by the want of a fepd- 

 crown ; for in habit there is no diftindlion. — " Wendland 

 Hort. Herrenhuf. 8." Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 2365. Brown 

 in Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 5. 141. — Clafs and order, Syngenefia 

 Polygamia-fniJIranea. Nat. Ord. Compofttte, Linn. Corym- 

 biferie, Jufl". 



Gen. 



