ARC 



Gen. Ch. Common Calyx roundifli, imbricated ; its 

 fcales eir.ptic-oblong, woolly ; the innermoft with a dilated, 

 membranous termination. Cor. compound, radiated ; florets 

 of the diik numerous, funnel-flapcd, five-cleft, equal, all 

 perfeft ; thnfe of the radius about twelve, ligulate, elliptic- 

 lanceolate, longer than the diameter of the diflc, with four 

 ribs, and about three unequal teeth, neuter. Stam. in the 

 florets of the difl< only, iilaments five, capillary, (hort ; 

 anthers united into a tube, nearly as long as the corolla. 

 Pij}. Germen in all the florets, oblong ; Ityle in thofe of 

 the difk only, thread-ftiaped ; lligma prominent, cylindrical, 

 ereft. Peric. none, except the permanent, dry, curled 

 calyx. Seeds in the di(l< only, obovate, without wing or 

 down. Recept. flattifli, cellular. 



Efl". Ch. Receptacle cellular. Seed-down none. Calyx 

 imbricated, partly membranous. 



I. Ps.. ripens. Creeping Ardtotheca. Willd. n. I. Ait. 

 n. I. (Arftotis repens ; Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. v. 3. 31. 

 t. 306. A. fcapigera ; Thunb. Prodr. 165.) — This, the 

 only known fpecies, is a native of the Cape of Good Hope. 

 Seeds were fent by the celebrated Scopoli to the writer of 

 this article, and the plants raifcd from thence flowered in 

 the open ground in Chelfea garden, in the fummer of 1790, 

 but it was found neceflary to (belter them in winter. The 

 roots are perennial, creeping extenfively. Stems herbaceous, 

 proftrate, branched, clothed like the backs of the lyrate 

 pinnatifid leaves, with fine white cottony down. Flower- 

 Jlalks radical, feveral together, fimple, ereft, naked, about 

 fix inches high, being rather longer than the leaves. Floiuers 

 folitary, an inch and a half broad, lemon-coloured, with 

 purple ribs beneath. 



ARCyRIA, a curious genus of the Fungus tribe, thus 

 named, originally by fir John Hill, from 0!§>cu/, a net, and 

 i^io, a honeycomb, the fine net-work of its ripe head having 



that appearance Perf. Difp. Meth. Fung. 10. Syn. 



Fung. 182. — Clafs and order, Cryptogamia Fungi, Nat. 

 Ord. Fungi. 



Efl". Ch. Upper half of the head deciduous. Filaments 

 compofing a denfe denudated net-work, refting on the cup- 

 like receptacle. 



1. A.? leucocephala. White-headed Arcyria. Perf. n. i. 

 Hoffm. Germ. v. 2. t. 6. f. I. Trichia cinerea ; Trente- 

 pohl in Roth Catal. v. i. 227.) — Aggregate. Head fun- 

 nel-fhaped below, reddifh-lDrown. Net-work globofe, 

 mealy, fnow-white. — Found on d'?ad leaves or flicks in 

 autumn. Alfo on mofles, or fragments of leaves, in rainy 

 weather, very copioufly, in June and July, according to 

 Albertini and Schweiniz, Fung. Nijkiens. 100, who, like 

 Perfoon himfelf hefitate whether to refer this elegant little 

 fpecies to this genus or to Physarum. See that article. 



2. A.Jlava. Yellow Arcyria. Perf. n. 2. Obf. Mycol. 

 I. 58. Difp. Jdeth. 10. Albert, and Schw. Niflt. n. 279. 

 (Trichia nutans; Bulliard Fung. v. i. 122. t. 502. f. 3. 

 Sowerb. Fung. t. 260. Stemonitis amoena ; Trentep. in 

 Roth Cat. V. I. 222.) — Aggregate, yellow. Net -work 

 cylindrical, elongated, drooping. — Found on rotten wood in 

 fummer, confifting of little tufts, of a pale or ochraceous 

 yellow, each plant on a ftiort ftalk ; the receptacle hemi- 

 fpherical ; the cylindrical, rather tapering, net-ivork from 

 half an inch to an inch long, reclining, abundant in powdery 

 feeds. 



3. A. cinerea. Afti-coloured Arc)Tia. Perf. n. i. 

 Albert, and Schw. Niik. n. 280. {A. albida ; Perf. Difp. 

 Meth. 10. t. I. f. 2. Trichia cinerea ; Bull. Fung. v. i. 

 120. t. 477. f. 3. Stemonitis glauca ; Trentep. in Roth 

 Cat. V. I. 221.) —Aggregate, greyifti-white. Net-work 



A R J 



cylindric-ovate, ered. Receptacle crenate. — Found in 

 fummer, m woods, on dead branches, ftalks, &c. Smaller 

 and fliorter, as well as more obtufe, but with a longer JIali, 

 m proportion, than the lail, from which alfo it is dift^in- 

 guiflied by its dirty-white colour. We are puzzU d, as well 

 as the learned authors of the Fungi Nijhienjes, by Perfoon's 

 aflertion of the refemblance of this fpecies to the fifth, here- 

 after defcribed. 



4. A. incarnata. Flefli-coloured Arcyria. Perf. n. 4. 

 Obf. Mycol. I. 58. (not 38.) t. 5. f. 4, 5. Albert, and 

 Schw. Nifk. n. 281. (Stemonitis globofa, et S. carnea ; 

 Trentep. in Roth Cat. v. i. 222.)— Somewhat fcattered, 

 dull fle(h<oloured. Net-work pyramidal, obtufe, curved, 



foon deciduous. Empty receptacle falver-ihaped Said to 



be very common in Germany, on oak or fir wood in decav, 

 at all feafons. The empty receptacles refemble little reddifn 

 Pezizn, and are marked with radiating ftreaks. The net- 

 work appears to abound in farinaceous feeds of the fame 

 hue. 



5. A. punicea. Scarlet Arcyria. Perf. n. 5. Difp. 

 Meth. 10. Albert, .nnd Schw. n. 282. (Clathrus denu- 

 datus ; Linn. Sp. PI. 1649. J^^cq. Mifc. Auftr. v. i. 136. 

 t. 6. Trichia cinnabarina ; Bull. Fung. v. 1, 121. t. 502. 

 f. I. T. denudata ; Sowerb. Fung. t. 49. T. n. 2164; 

 Hall. Hift. V. 3. 115. t. 48. f. 6, as Jacquin has it, rather 

 than t. 4, as cited by Haller himfelf. Stemonitis crocata ; 

 Trentep. in Roth Cat. v. i. 220.) — Crowded, ovate, 

 orange-coloured. — Frequent throughout Europe on rotten 

 wood, in fummer and autumn. When young it is white 

 and foft, but advancing in fize, it aflumes a confpicuous 

 orange-colour, with the dry rather firm texture of its genus. 

 This fine colour chiefly refides in the copious feminal 

 powder, for the net -work itfelf is brownifli. The edge of 

 the remaining bafe of the receptacle is often irregularly torn, 

 and various in breadth. Bolton's v. 3. t. 93. i, 2, if really 

 taken from this fpecies, is not a happy reprefentation. 



ARDELAN, in Geography, a province of the Perfian 

 empire, forming the eaftern divifion of Kurdiftan, is in 

 length 200 miles, from the little river Sharook to the 

 Turkifh diftritt of Zohaub, and nearly 160 in breadth. It is 

 feparated from the plain of Hamadan by a fmall range of 

 hills, and its wellern boundary is 1 00 miles beyond Senna, 

 the capital, fituated in N. lat. 35° 12', and E. long. 40°. 

 The territories of Ardelan extend as far as Kella Shah 

 Khanee, and are peopled by a tribe denominated Gheflikee, 

 who are recorded by the Kurds as the moft expert and 

 daring robbers of their nation ; nor will torture induce them 

 to betray their accomplices, being habituated to pain and 

 fevere chaftifement from their earlieil infancy. They are, 

 however, flaves to the moft abjeft fuperftition. 



ARGOLASIA, in Botany, SniL Gen. 60, a good name, 

 conftrucled by Juflieu, from if^yo;, white, and /"'.^(trio-, hairy, 

 or Jlmggy, alluding to the white woolly clothing of the herb. 

 But this name is fuperfeded by one of fimilar meaning, 

 Lanaria, (fee that article,) given to the fsme plant by 

 Dr. Solander, and pubhflicd in Ait. Hort. Kew. v. i. 462, 

 in 1789. • This latter has been adopted by Schreber, and is 

 now eflabliflied. 



ARGUNNA, in Geography, a town of Armenia, in the 

 pachalic of Diarbekir, diftant 48|- miles from Diarbekir ; 

 fituated on the fide of a lofty mountain, from which torrents 

 of water are difcharged in c'ourfes through the Itreets fo as 

 to render them impaflable. The town is populous, but 

 wretchedly built, and is remarkable for the quantity of 

 wine and brandy made in its vicinity. 



ARJONA, in Botany, fo named by the late abbe Cava- 



nilles, 



