ART 



into calcareous tubes, and fonie of them nearly rendered 

 impervious. This morbid appearance does not exift in 

 every cafe which is attended with the train of fymptoms, 

 to which we apply the term angina pectoris. Violent pain 

 in the fituation of the heart, extending down the anus, and 

 terminating in a fenfation of numbnefs, palpitation, and 

 irregularity in its aftion, with frequent fyncope and difficult 

 refpiration, accompany almoft all the organic difeafes of 

 that organ. (Hodgfon, p. 36.) The depofition of cal- 

 careous matter is feldom found in the upper extremities; 

 and although fo frequent in the aorta, it has rarely or 

 never been met with in the pulmonary artery, or its valves. 

 See Hodgfon on the Difeafes of Arteries and Veins, 8vo. 

 London, 18 15. 



Aneurifm, which conftitutes the moll important difeafe of 

 arteries, has been treated of in a feparate article, to which we 

 have already annexed fome additional particulars under the 

 head of Surgery. A few other obfervations, relative to the 

 fame fubject, will be found at the words Aneurism and 

 Aorta in this Addenda. 



ARTHONIA, in Botany, a genus of the Lichen tribe, 

 thus named by its learned author profelFor Acharius, in 

 Schrad. Neues Journal, v. i. fafc. 3. i. t. 4. " Lichenogr. 

 Univ. 25. t. I. f. 3, 4." Syn. 4. Sm. Engl. Bot. v. 29. 

 2079. — Clafs and order, Cryptogamia Algx. Nat. Ord. 

 Ltchenes. 



Eff. Ch. Receptacles in an uninterrupted cruft, fhape- 

 lefs, without a border, fmooth, in which the feeds are im- 

 bedded. 



In habit, the generality of the fpecies which conftitute 

 this genus are akin to Spiloma and Opegrapha. (See 

 thofe articles.) But Acharius originally included herein 

 the Lichen croceus, and L. faccatus of Linnaus, which are 

 now feparated on account of their totally different habit, 

 and leafy fronds, by the name of Solorina, Lichenogr. 

 LTniv. 27. t. I. f. 5, 6 ; fo that Artlionia is rendered much 

 more natural. In the Synopfis of this writer, his lateft pub- 

 lication, twelve fpecies are defined. 



Among them are, 



A. S-Mart-ziana, n. 5. Engl. Bot. t. 2079. — Cruft thin, 

 membranous, fcaly, cream-coloured. Receptacles feffile, 

 black, deprefled, roundifh, wavy, rather uneven, confluent. — 

 Found on the fmooth bark of trees. 



A. ajlroidea, n. 7. (Opegrapha aftroidea ; Ach. Meth. 

 25. Engl. Bot. t. 1847.) — Cruft limited, membranous, 

 fmooth, greenifti-white, fomewhat fhining. Receptacles 

 depreffed, flat, angular, irregularly ftarr}-, black. — Frequent 

 on young trees. We cannot confider this otherwife than 

 33 an Opegrapha. 



A. obfcura, n. 8. Engl. Bot. t. 1752. — Cruft mem- 

 branous, olive-brown. Receptacles minute, flattifli, thin, 

 elliptical or kidney-lhaped, funk, flightly uneven, black. — 

 On the barks of trees, not common, nor very eafily to be 

 obferved. The cruft rifes into irregular fweUings, and the 

 copious receptacles are funk verj' deep into its fubftance. 

 The genus of this plant is indeed obfcure, nor can we offer 

 any better determination refpefting it than that of Acharius. 



A. lyncea, n. 1 1. (Lichen lynceus ; Engl. Bot. t. 809.) 

 — Cruft white, thin, even, fomewhat tartareous. Recep- 

 tacles numerous but diftind, flat, rather funk, oblong, 

 blunt, often curved, black, with a glaucous tinge. — Found 

 by Mr. Sowerbv, nearly covering the rugged barks of old 

 oaks. The receptacles refemble a leopard's or lynx's fldn, 

 and are not crowded nor confluent, though curved and ap- 

 proaching each other in everv direction, the margin of each 

 black. We Ihoidd rather refer this fpecies to Opegrapha. 



ART 



A. pruinofa, n. 12. (Lichen impolitus ; Ehrh. Cr\-pt 

 Achar Prodr. 56. Engl. Eot. t. 98i.)_Cruft whitilh| 

 thin, fomewhat tartareous, unequal, fmooth. RecepUcles 

 flat, funk, roundifh or angular, confluent, dull orange- 

 brown, with a glaucous tinge — On the trunks of trees, 

 efpecially oaks. We cannot but think the original fpecific 

 name peculiarly happy, and for that reafon, if no other. 

 It ought not to have been changed, efpecially as pruinofa 

 is equally fuitable to the laft fpecies. The prefent looks 

 of an uniform dirty white, till touched by fome hardifli 

 body, when the brown receptacles, tinged with yellow, 

 become ftrikingly apparent, and are contrafted with the 

 unaltered crujl. The figure in Engl. Bot. printed in red, 

 is altogether erroneous. 



ARTHROPODIUM, named in allufion to the joint in 

 each flower-ftalk, by Mr. Brown, from afV". a joint, and 



■nw-, afoot, or fupport Brown Prodr. Nov. Holl. v. i, 



276. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2. 271. — Clafs and order, 

 Hexandrta Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Coronarit, Linn. Afpho- 

 deli, Juff. Afphodelex, Brown. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. none. Cor. of one petal, inferior, in fix 

 deep, regular, fpreading, deciduous fegments ; the three 

 innermoft waved or fringed at the margin. Stam. Fila- 

 ments fix, tapering, denfely bearded ; antheri roundifh, 

 attached by the notch at their bafe. Pijl. Germen fuperior, 

 roundifh, with three furrows ; ftyle folitary, ereft, cylindri- 

 cal ; ftigma capitate, hairy. Peric. Capfule nearly globu- 

 lar, with three furrows, three cells, and three valves ; the 

 partitions from the centrfe of each valve. Seeds few in each 

 cell, fomewhat angular, with a naked fear. 



Efl". Ch. Corolla in fix deep equal fegfments ; three inner- 

 moft waved or fringed at the margin. Filaments bearded. 

 Capfule nearly globular. 



This genus is allowed by its author to come very near 

 Anthericum, to which fome of the fpecies have been referred 

 by other writers. Indeed we can difcover no difference, 

 (three of the filaments in Anthericum, if not all of tliem, 

 being bearded,) except the wavy or firinged inner fegments 

 of the corolla. Anthericum being a very extenfive genus, 

 whofe limits are not well defined, it is highly defirable to 

 leffen the number of fpecies, by . eftabfifhing new genera 

 from among them, by any certain, however apparently flight, 

 criterion ; and it muft always be recoUefted that, in the 

 natural order to which thefe plants belong, very natural ge- 

 nera are difcriminated by apparently rather trivial marks. 



Arthropodiurn is obferved by Mr. Brown to confift of 

 fmooth herbaceous plants, with fafciciJated roots, compofed 

 either of bulbs, occafionally ftalked, or of thick flefhy 

 fibres. Leaves linear, flaccid. Cluflers lax. Flonver-flalks 

 either aggregate or folitary, each with a joint in the middle. 

 Floiuers peridulous, either purplifh or white. Corolla cloftr.z 

 after flowering, and long before the fruit ripens, falling oft, 

 leaving its permanent cup-like withered bafe behind. The 

 anthers are purple, or whitifll. Thysan'OTUS of our 

 learned friend, already defcribed in our thirty-fifth volume, 

 comes nearer to Arthropodiurn and Anthericum than to the 

 Afparagus tribe, to which it has been referred ; the beauti- 

 fully fringed inner fegments of the corolla efpecially refem- 

 bling the prefent genus. But Thyfanotus has finooth ^la- 

 ments, unequal anthers, and a dechning_/?y/ir, with a fmaller 

 Jligma. The feeds moreover differ ver)- effentially. 



I. A. paniculatum. Paniclcd Arthropodiurn. Br. n. i. 



Ait. n. I. (Anthericum paniculatum ; Andr. Rcpof. t. 395. 



A. milleflorum ; Redout. Liliac. t. 58.)— Clufter divided ; 



flower-ftalks aggregate. Inner fegments of the corolla 



X X 2 finely 



