B tE O 



In the Methodus of Acharius, this genus is fo cliarac- 

 terized as to include all the Lichenes pyxidati, as well as the 

 Cladonit, of other authors. At prefent it is reftrided to the 

 firft feaion of the original Bxomyces, confiftmg of four 

 fpecies only. The charafters and fynonyms of thefe are 

 correftly given by our learned friend, except that of Lichen 

 ericetorum of Linnxus, which we remove from this genus, on 

 the authority of original fpecimens. 



1. ^.rofeiis. Rofe-coloured Mulhroom-Lichen. Perf. 

 as above. Ach. n. I. (Lichen Ba-omyces ; Linn. Suppl. 

 450. Ehrh. Phyt. n. 89. Sibth. Ox. 321. Engl. Bot. 

 t. 374. HofFm. Enum. 37. t. 8. f. 3. L. ericetorum ; 

 Web. Gott. 195. Lightf. 809, a. Fl. Dan. t. 1003. 

 f. 2. Coralloides fungiforms carneum, bafi leprofa ; Dill. 

 Mufc. 76. t. 14. f. I.)— Cruftglauaous-grey. Stalks very 

 fliort, cylindrical. Tubercles tumid, lobed, rofe-coloured. 



Found on mountainous heaths, in broad uninterrupted 



patches on the ground, of a greenifh or glaucous grey when 

 frefh and moift, conforming to all the inequalities of the foil ; 

 the furface finely granulated. Tubercles from one to two or 

 three lines in diameter, of a bright and moft elegant rofe 

 colour, convex, more or lefs lobed, or irregularly tumid, 

 each fupported by a thick, round, folid Jlalk, about as high 

 as the diameter of the head, white tinged with a blufh of red. 

 This is by far the moft elegant, as well as the moft rare, of 

 our Britilh fpecies. Dr. Acharius here cites Engl. Bot. 

 t. 372, which is his Lecidea Icmadophlla, Syn. 45, the true 

 Lichen ericetorum of Linn. Sp. PI. 1608. Fl. Suec. 408. 

 and Herb. Linn. Fl. Dan. t. 472. f. 4. Lichen Icma- 

 dophila ; Linn. Suppl. 450. Ehrh. Phyt. n. 40. L. 

 jeruginofus ; Jacq. Auftr. t. 275. 



2. B. fiingoides. Pale Mulhroom-Lichen. Ach. n. 2. 

 ("B. helveloides ; Bory Voy. 3." Lichen fungoides ; 

 Swartz Ind. Occ. 1 886. ) — Cruft white. Stalks thrice as 

 tall as the diameter of the pale flefti-coloured tubercles — 

 Gathered by Dr. Swartz on the gravelly foil of high moun- 

 tains, in the fouthern part of Jamaica. Bory de St. Vincent 

 found the fame in the ide of Bourbon. We have fpecimens 

 from Dr. Acharius. The crujl is thin, hard, of a dirty 

 white. Stalls white, thrice as tall as the foregoing ; tumid 

 at the bafe. Heads of a lighter flefti-colour, with a white 

 powdery efflorefcence. 



3. B. rtifus. Brownidi Mufhroom-Lichen. " Wahlenb. 

 Lapp. 449." Ach. n. 3. (Lichen rufus ; Hudf. 527. 

 L. fungiiormis ; Web. Goctt. 196. Sibth. Ox. 322. 

 Hoffm. Enum. 38. t. 8. f. 2. L.byflbides ; Linn.Mant. 133. 

 Lightf. 809. Engl. Bot. t. 373. L. peltifer ; Wulf. in 

 Jacq. Coll. V. 3. 104. t. 3. f. 1. Coralloides fungiforme 

 faxatile, palhde fufcum ; Dill. Mufc. 78. t. 14. f. 4.) 



(S. B. hgnorum. Achar. (B. rupeftris y ; Ach. 

 Meth. 322.) 



Cruft grccnifli-whlte. Stalks {hort, fomewhat com- 

 preffed. Tubercles nearly globular, reddifli-brown ; fome- 

 times aggregate. — Common on heathy ground, or on rocks, 

 rarely on rotten wood ; in which laft fituation the tubercles 

 alTume a darker brown. They are much fmaller than in B. 

 ro/eus, rounder and lefs lobed', though often cluftered to- 

 gether ; their colour is a dirty brick-red. 



The variety |8 of Engl. Bot. figured in Raii Syn. t. i. 

 f. 3, not f. 4 ; and in Dill. Mufc. t. 14. f. 5, is now efteemed 

 a fungus. See Onygena. 



4. B. placophyllus . Broad-leaved Mufhroom-Lichen. 

 "Wahlenb. Lapp. 449." Ach. n. 4. Meth. 323. t. 7. 

 f. 4. — Cruft orbicular, rugged, fomewhat lobed and imbri- 

 cated, glaucous-white. Stalks elevated, compreftijd. Tu- 

 bercles convex, fimple, reddifli-brown. — Found by Wahlen- 

 jjerg, on the fterile fandy foil of Lower Lapland We are 



B A L 



obliged to Dr. Acharius for a fpecimen of tliis very curious 

 fpecies, whofe cruft approaches that of the true Cup Lichens, 

 its circumference at leaft being lobed and almoft leafy, 

 though of a thick fubftance. I'he tubercles are altogether 

 thofe of a Buomyces. 



BAGDAD, col. 4, 1. I, after terraces. Bagdad is ftill 

 a place of great trade, and the refort of merchants from 

 almoft every quarter of the Eaft. It fupplies all Afia Minor, 

 Syria, and part of Europe, with Indian commodities, whicli 

 are imported at BafTora, brought in boats up the Tigris, 

 and then tranfported by caravans to Tocat, Conftantinople, 

 Aleppo, Damafcus, and the weftcrn parts of Periia. The 

 chief imports from India are, gold brocade, cloths, fugar, 

 pepper, tin, fandal-wood, iron, china-ware, fpice, cutlery, 

 arms, and broad-cloth ; in return for which they fend bullion, 

 copper, gall-nuts, tamarifk, leather, and otto of rofes. From 

 Aleppo are imported European filk-ftuff^s, broad-cloths, 

 fteel, cochineal, gold thread, and feveral other European 

 articles, which are brought in Greek veflels to Scanderoon. 

 The imports from Perfia are, fhawls, carpets, filk, cotton, 

 white cloth, leather, and faffron : and thofe from Conftan- 

 tinople are, buUion, furs, gold and filver thread, jewels, bro- 

 cade, velvets, and otto of rofes. The principal manufafture 

 at this place is that of red and yellow leather, which is much 

 efteemed ; but filk and cotton ftuffs are likewife made. 

 The climate, notwithftanding its exceffive heat, is allowed to 

 be very healthy. But the natives are fubjeft to a cutaneous 

 diforder, for which no cure has yet been difcovered : it 

 appears in the form of a pimple, then degenerates into an 

 ulcer, and at the end of eight or ten months dries up of 

 itfelf, leaving a prominent mark. The inhabitants of 

 Aleppo, and other towns in Syria, are fubjedt to this dif- 

 eafe. The military government of Bagdad is, &c. 



Bagdad, Pachalic of, extends in a N.W. direftion from 

 the mouth of the Shat-ul-Arab to the rocks of Merdin, 

 and in an E. and W. line from the confines of Perfia to 

 the banks of the Khabour, which feparates it from the pa- 

 chalic of Orfa. It comprehends the whole of the ancient 

 Babylonia, and the greateft part of Aflyria Proper ; that is, 

 the fpace which is embraced by the Tigris and the Euphra- 

 tes, and that which is beyond the Tigris, commonly called 

 the lower Kurdiftan. See Babylonia and Assyria. 



BAHAR. Add — Thebaharof Acheeo, in Sumatra, con- 

 iifis of 100 cattees, and is equal to 490 lbs. avoirdupois. 

 The bahar of Betlefackee, in Arabia, confifting of 40 

 farcels, is = 8 1 5^ lbs. avoitdupois. The bahar of Bencoo- 

 len = 560 lbs. avoirdupois. The bahar of Junkfeylon of 

 8 capins = 485 lbs. 5 oz. ^\ dr. The bahar of Malacca, of 

 3 peculs = 405 lbs. avoirdupois. The bahar of Mocha, of 

 15 franks =445 lbs. avoirdupois. 



Bahrein,. N. lat. 26° 43'. 



BAJOCCO. Add — Rome exchanges with Amfterdam 

 42 bajocchi, more or lefs, for i florin banco ; with Leghorn, 

 95 bajocchi, more or lefs, for 1 pezza of 8 reah. Rome 

 keeps accounts in fcudi. See Scudo. 



BAIRDSTOWN, 1. 3, r. 821, 202 being flaves. 



BAIT, White. Add— Sec Clupe^ Aloja. 



BAKERSFIELD. Add— It contains 812 inhabitants. 



BAKU. Infert, or Badku. N. lat. 42° 22'. Add— 

 Baku is defended by a double wall and deep ditch, con- 

 ftrufted during the reign of Peter the Great. This was 

 once a celebrated city of the ancient worfhippers of fire, and 

 before the conqueft of the Saracens was annually vifited by 

 thoufands of pilgrims. 



BALDIVIA, 1. 7, r. W. long. 74". 



BALDWIN, in Geography, a town of America, in the 

 diftrift of Maine, and county of Cumberland, containing 546 



inhabitants. 



