B O R 



p:r annum, which intereft is paid at the India-houfe in 

 London. 



Bond, Pojl-Obit, a bond payable after the death of the 

 perfon whofe name is therein fpecified. 



BONES, Analyfu of, in Chemi/Iry. The anaiyfis of 

 bones was omitted under Bo>fE, but will be found under 

 Teeth, contrafted with the analvfis of the teeth. 



\oL.\'. 



BOONE, in Geography, a county of Kentucky, con- 

 taining 3608 inhabitants, of whom 656 are (laves. 



BOONSBOROUGH, 1. 2, r. Madifon ; and at the 

 clofe add — It contains 68 inhabitants, 15 being (laves. 



BOOROOJIRD, a flouri(hing city of Perfia, in the 

 province of Irak, the capital of a wealthy dillrift, fubjedt 

 to the prince, Mahomed Tukkee Mirza, and containing a 

 population of 12,000 fouls. The diitriA attached to its 

 government is peopled by the tribe of Lack, who do not 

 \\3iii.i: far from the fpot to which they are partial, but 

 fettle in tillages, and employ themfelves in the improvement 

 cf their eftates. 



BOOTH Bay, 1. 5, r. 1582. 



BORACITE. See Mineralogy, Addenda. 



BORAX, in Chemiftry. See BoRON, infra. 



BORBI, or BuRBl, in Commerce, a copper coin in 

 Egypt, 8 borbi being =z 6 forli = 3 afpers = a medino, 

 3nd 40 medini := a piaftre current. 



BORELLI, col. 2, 1.6, r. 1670. 



BORON, or BoRACiUM, in Chemiflry, the peculiar ele- 

 msntary bafis of boraclc acid. Sir H. Davy, in 1807, firll 

 decorapofed boracic acid, and obtained this principle by 

 the agency of galvanifm. Soon afterwards another method 

 of obtaining it was pointed out by Gay Luffac and The- 

 nard, by means of potadium, which was foon verified by 

 Davy and others. One part of pure boracic acid, previ- 

 ou3y melted and reduced to powder, is to be mixed with 

 two parts of potafTium, and the mixture put into a copper 

 or iron tube and gradually heated till it is (lightly red, and 

 kept in that ftate for fome minutes. At the temperature 

 of 300° the decompoiition begins, and the mixture becomes 

 intenfely red hot, as may be perceived by making the expe- 

 riment in a glafs tube. When the tube is cold, the matter in 

 it is to be wafhed out with water, the potalh formed is to be 

 neutralized with muriatic acid, and the whole thrown upon 

 a filter. It may be wafhed and dried at a moderate heat. 



Boron thus obtained is a powder of an olive-brown colour, 

 without either tafte or fmell. In clofe veiTels, it may be ex- 

 pofed to the moil violent heat without being altered, or 

 undergoing any other change than an increafe of deniity. 

 Its fpecific gravity, before being heated, is lefs than 1.84, 

 but afterwards greater. It is mfoluble in water, alcohol, 

 etlier, and oils, whether cold or hot. It does not decom- 

 pofe water even when heated in that fluid. It is a non- 

 conduftor of eleftricity. It undergoes no change when 

 expofed to common air or oxygen at low temperatures ; but 

 when heated to about 600° it takes fire, and bums with great 

 splendour ; and at the fame time abforbs oxygen, and is 

 partly converted into boracic acid. The combullion, how- 

 ever, is foon ftopped, from the coating of the boracic acid 

 formed, which prevents the contaft of the oxygen. Hence 

 this requires to be frequently removed, by wafhing, before 

 the whole of the boron can be burnt. The nitric acid alfo 

 readily converts boron into boracic acid. Boron, heated 

 with mod of the neutral falts, deprives their acids of the 

 oxygen which they contain : thus, when heated m clofe 

 velfels with fulphate or fulphite of foda, borate of foda and 



B O R 



fulphur are formed. When heated with nitre or oxymuriate 

 of potalh, much deflagration enfues, and borate of pota(h is 

 produced : fo alfo the carbonate of foda is converted into 

 borate of foda and charcoal. 



There is confiderable difficulty in fixing the propor- 

 tion of oxygen with which boron combines to form boracic 

 acid, as the refults of Gay Lu(rac, Davy, and others, 

 differ very much. Dr. Thomfon, guided partly by thefe 

 experiments, but chiefly by the analyfis of borate of am- 

 monia by Berzelius, fixes the weight of the atom of 

 boron at 6.6, and fuppofes it combines with two atoms 

 of oxygen to form boracic acid. Upon this fuppofition, 

 loQ parts of boron will combine with 300 of oxygen. 



Boron, when heated in chlorine, takes fire, and bums 

 with a briUiant white flame. A white fubftance coats the 

 veifel in which the experiment is made, and the boron is 

 alfo covered with a white fubftance, which by wa(hing is 

 converted into boracic acid. It is probable that this white 

 fubftance is a chloride of boron, but it has not been much 

 examined. 



Boron combines with _^«onW, (fee Floorine,) and forms 

 with it a powerful acid, which has been named jluoboracic 

 acid. (See Fluoboracic Acid.) It alfo appears, accord- 

 ing to the experiments of Gmehn, to combine with hydro- 

 gen. Defcotils has hkewife (hewn that it combines with 

 iron, and Davy with potaffium ; but, as far as it is known, 

 it combines with no other metal. With refpeft to the 

 nature of this fingular fubftance it may be proper to men- 

 tion, that fome confider the boron defcribed above to be an 

 oxyd of a metallic bafis, to which the name of horacium has 

 been given. 



BORONIA, in 59/flny. (See RuTACES.) Mr. Brown, 

 who could not but be aware of the ill-defined limits of this 

 order, as originally cor.ftituted by Juflieu, has, in his 

 General Remarks on the Botany of Terra Auftralis, 13, 

 propofed to remove the ift feftion, under the appellation 

 of Zygophyllea, naming the remainder Diofmet, the genus 

 Ruta not being a good type of the order, fo limited. This 

 learned Auftrahan botanift informs us that near 70 fpecies 

 have been obferved, the greater part of them referable to 

 our Boronia, Corrxa, Eriofiemon, and Zieria, (as alfo we 

 prefume to Crotvea,) and to Phebalium of Ventenat. " Of 

 thefe genera Boronia is both the moft extenfive and the 

 moft widely diffufed, exifting within the tropic, and extend- 

 ing to the fouth end of Van Diemen's ifland. Like the 

 others, however, its maximum is in the principal parallel, 

 at both extremities of which it is equally abundant." 



BOROUGH, col. 3, 1. 19 from the bottom, after Lon- 

 don, ;-. by a writ bearing date the 1 2th of December, 1264, 

 in the 49th year of the reign of Henry III. 



BOROUGH-BRIDGE, 1. 23, r. The borough and 

 townihip of Borough-bridge contain 131 houfes, and 747 

 inhabitants ; 373 being males, and 374 females. 



BORRAGINE^, in Botany, the 42d order in Juffieu's 

 fyftem, the 9th of his 8th clafs ; for whofe charafters, fee 

 Gentians. 



This order, equivalent to the Linnzan AsPERlFOit*, 

 (fee that article,) is thus charaftcrized. 



Calyx in five deep fegments, permanent. Corolla moilly 

 reo-ular. Stamens generally five. Germen either (imple or 

 four-lobed ; ftyle one ; ftigma eitlier cloven, or furrowed, 

 or fimple. Seeds generally four ; fometimes enclofcd in a 

 capfular or pulpy feed-veifel ; fometimes naked, obUquely 

 attached to the bottom of the I'tyle, and for the mo(l part 

 furrounded by the permanent calyx. Corculum wthout 

 albumen. Stem in the greater number herbaceous j 11. a 

 3 D 2 f«w 



